Nanoscience and the Environment

1st Edition, Volume 7 - July 26, 2014
Editors: Jamie R. Lead, Eugenia Valsami-Jones
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 9 9 4 0 8 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 9 9 4 1 5 - 4

Nanomaterials in the Environment covers all aspects of manufactured nanomaterials and their impact and behavior in the environment. Starting with a general overview of the field… Read more

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Nanomaterials in the Environment covers all aspects of manufactured nanomaterials and their impact and behavior in the environment. Starting with a general overview of the field, emphasizing key points and background, the book then covers crucial specific areas, including nanomaterial transformations in the environment due to dissolution, aggregation, and other processes, and the modeling of environmental exposure and fate. A chapter on formation of the “eco-corona” investigates the state of the art with specific reference to the protein corona literature in human health. Finally, there are chapters on mechanisms of biouptake and toxicity.

The fast-moving nature of the field and the quality of the submissions make this book essential reading for all those working in this area. It is suitable for researchers from Masters-level upwards, and for regulators and industry. The book can also be used as a high-level teaching aid.

Chapter 1: Overview of Environmental Nanoscience

Abstract
1 Introduction
2 History: From Empirical Use to Discoveries
3 Definitions
4 Novel Properties of NMs
5 Synthesis Approaches and Requirements
6 Classification
7 Nanotechnology Market and Production
8 Exposure, Fate, and Transformations of NMs in the Environment
9 Environmental and Human Health Toxicity of NMs
10 Issues to be Addressed
11 Conclusion
Acknowledgments

Chapter 2: Transformations of Nanomaterials in the Environment

Abstract
1 Introduction
2 NM Transformations
3 Effect of Transformations on the Ability to Detect and Quantify NMs in Biological and Environmental Media
4 Overall Implications for NM EHS Research and Future Needs
Acknowledgments

Chapter 3: Environmental Fate and Exposure Modeling of Nanomaterials

Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Environmental Fate Models for Organic Chemicals
3 Road Map for Developing Environmental Fate Models for ENMs
4 Model Input Data: Environmental Emissions
5 Model Input Data: ENM Properties
6 Environmental Fate Modeling for ENMs
7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments

Chapter 4: Macromolecular Coronas and Their Importance in Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology

Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Biomolecule Corona: An Established Paradigm in Nanomedicine and Human Nanosafety
3 Toward an Eco-Corona: Translating the Ideas of the Biomolecule Corona Toward a Paradigm in Environmental Toxicity
4 Structural Complexity of HS
5 Comparison of Factors and Effects of NM Interactions with Proteins and Humics
6 Corona Evolution as NMs are Translocated in the Environment and Within Organisms
7 The Role of “Secreted” or Exuded Coronas?
8 Toward Design of Environmental Coronas and Environmentally “Safer” NMs
9 Conclusions
Acknowledgments

Chapter 5: Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Metal-Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environments: Concepts and Processes

Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Me-ENMs Provide a Unique Type of Exposure
3 Definitions and Drivers of Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation
4 Mechanisms of Uptake
5 Particle Uptake Versus Dissolved Uptake
6 Effect of Particle Attributes on Bioavailability
7 Effects of Environment and Environmental Transformations on Bioavailability
8 Biological Influences
9 New Challenges in Quantifying Bioavailability/Bioaccumulation
10 Models
11 Conclusions

Chapter 6: Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity

Abstract
1 Introduction
2 What Are Points of Interaction of ENM with Organisms in the Environment?
3 Influence on Environment–Organism and Organism–Internal Barriers
4 Stress Responses in Cells
5 Systemic Stress Responses
6 Interference with Ecosystem Network Interactions
7 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgments

Jamie R. Lead

Jamie R. Lead is Director of the SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk (CENR) at the University of South Carolina. He received his PhD in Environmental Chemistry at Lancaster University, UK in 1994, and subsequently undertook postdoctoral work in the UK and Switzerland. He was appointed as Lecturer in Aquatic Chemistry at the University of Birmingham in 2000, becoming Professor of Environmental Nanoscience in 2008 and starting the Facility for Environmental Nanoscience Analysis and Characterization (FENAC) in the same year. Professor Lead retains an adjunct position at the University of Birmingham, UK, after moving to the University of South Carolina, USA, in 2012 to become the Carolina SmartState endowed Professor of Environmental Nanoscience and Risk and founding Director of the CENR. The CENR aims to investigate both the potential environmental and human health implications of manufactured nanomaterials and natural nanomaterials and the sustainable development of nanomaterials for applications to environmental problems. Further information on the CENR can be found at www.cenr.sc.edu. Professor Lead is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Institute of Nanotechnology and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and is editor of the journal Environmental Chemistry. He has published more than 120 peer-reviewed papers and has edited 3 books related to natural and manufactured nanomaterials.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA

Eugenia Valsami-Jones

Eugenia (Éva) Valsami-Jones is a Professor of Environmental Nanoscience at the University of Birmingham. She holds a degree in Earth Sciences from the University of Athens and a PhD in Geochemistry from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Her research focuses on nanoscale processes in the environment and within biota. She has pioneered the development of traceable stable-isotope labelled nanomaterials and has been working on the development of analytical solutions for the improvement in speed and quality of nanoscale characterisation. Her current research priorities revolve around the application of nanotechnologies in solving environmental problems, particularly related to clean water and sustainable agriculture. She was the Mineralogical Society’s Distinguished Lecturer for 2015 and the Distinguished Guest Lecturer and Medalist of the Royal Society of Chemistry for 2015. She is currently a Royal Society Wolfson Fellow. She is a member of the coordination team of the European Commission’s Nanosafety Cluster.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Environmental Nanoscience, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Nanoscience and the Environment

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Jamie R. Lead

Eugenia Valsami-Jones