Nanofertilizer Synthesis: Methods and Types

Nanofertilizer Synthesis: Methods and Types discusses the production of a variety of nano-fertilizers, including biological, chemical, and mechanical types. The book presents the latest information, highlights the benefits and impacts of each, and provides a single-volume resource to help effectively and efficiently identify options based on use-case. Exploring the topic from the various mechanistic types to the relevant regulatory, safety, and economic aspects, this volume will be appropriate for those working with and researching new nano-fertilizers which aid in nutrition control by increasing nutrient consumption efficiency as nutrients are bonded to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which in turn release nutrients considerably more slowly than traditional fertilizers. As the nano-fertilizer sector advances, one approach is to concentrate on macro elements (N, P, K), as switching to nano-fertilizers may result in significant environmental benefits by replacing the majority of these nutrients. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of nanomaterials employing bacteria, algae, yeast, fungus, actinomycetes, and plants has opened up a new field of study for the creation of inorganic nanoparticles as environmentally benign fertilizers. Because of the several-fold increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of nano-forms of nutrients, and their appropriateness for foliar application, where environmental losses are further decreased, nano-fertilizers may achieve higher efficiency.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Series preface
Preface
Chapter 1. A comprehensive guide to nano-based fertilizers: types, production techniques, and properties
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of nanofertilizers
1.3 Nanobiofertilizer
1.4 Nanofertilizers synthesis methods
1.5 Synthesis hybrid nanofertilizers
1.6 Characterization of nanofertilizers
1.7 Nanofertilizers mode of actions
1.8 Large-scale production methods
1.9 Production and commercialization challenges
1.10 Future directions
1.11 Conclusion
References
Part 1: Types of nanofertilizers
Chapter 2. The synthesis of nanofertilizers: biological approaches
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Classification
2.3 Nanomaterials
2.4 Nanofertilizers
2.5 Synthesis of macrofertilizer and nanofertilizer
2.6 Nanofertilizers synthesis
2.7 Smart delivery systems
2.8 Nanofertilizers and plant promotions
2.9 Advantages and disadvantages
2.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Nano-biofertilizers: plant growth promotions and protections
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nanotechnology in agriculture
3.3 Types of fertilizers
3.4 Synthesis of nanofertilizers
3.5 Applications of nano-biofertilizers in plants
3.6 Nano versus conventional fertilizers
3.7 Nano-biofertilizer applicability
3.8 Potential and constraints of nano-biofertilizer
3.9 Future scope of nano-biofertilizers
3.10 Challenges
3.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Inorganic nanoparticles as eco-friendly fertilizers: synthesis, characterization, and agricultural applications
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nanofertilizers
4.3 Synthesis or production of nanofertilizers
4.4 Characterization of nanofertilizers
4.5 Application of nanofertilizers
4.6 Challenges and future perspectives
References
Chapter 5. Hybrid nanofertilizers: synthesis and applications
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanofertilizers
5.3 Hybrid nanofertilizers—different types and synthesis methods
5.4 Applications of hybrid nanofertilizers
5.5 Conclusion and future prospects
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 6. Synthesis of bionanoparticles and their significance in soil nutrition and plant development
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Synthesis of nanoparticles
6.3 Sources and production of bionanoparticles
6.4 Mechanism of plant-based bionanoparticles
6.5 Types of bionanoparticles
6.6 Applications of bionanoparticles in agriculture
6.7 Future prospects
6.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Biopolymers-based nanofertilizers
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fertilizer usage in agriculture
7.3 Synthesis of nanofertilizer
7.4 Impact of nanofertilizer on plant growth
7.5 Future perspectives
7.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Calcium phosphates nanofertilizers: synthesis and biosafety
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nanofertilizers synthesis
8.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. Synthesis, characterization, and applications of chitosan-based nanofertilizers
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Individual and synergistic properties of chitosan
9.3 Synthesis of chitosan-based nanofertilizers
9.4 Applications of chitosan-based nanofertilizers on agriculture
9.5 Trends and challenges
9.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Nitrogen-based nanofertilizers: raw materials, nitrogen assimilation by the plant, and physicochemical variables that affect their release
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanofertilizers
10.3 Nitrogen nanofertilizers combination with P, K, and micronutrients
10.4 Raw materials for the development of nanofertilizers
10.5 Release mechanisms of nutrients
10.6 Factors involved in the nitrogen nanofertilizers release
10.7 Challenges and future trends
10.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. NPK nanofertilizers: synthesis and applications
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Conventional NPK fertilizers
11.3 Nanofertilizers
11.4 Production of NPK nanofertilizers
11.5 NPK nanofertilizer uptake mechanism by plants
11.6 Effect of NPK nanofertilizers on plants and soil
11.7 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 12. Sulfur and magnesium-based nanofertilizer: synthesis, characterization, and applications
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Synthesis of nanofertilizer
12.3 Characterization of magnesium and sulfur nanofertilizer
12.4 Synthetic challenges of nanofertilizer
12.5 Application of magnesium and sulfur nanofertilizer
12.6 Mode of application of nanofertilizers
12.7 Transport of nano-agrochemicals
12.8 Medium-scale production of sulfur and magnesium nanofertilizer
12.9 Biosafety concern of nanofertilizer
12.10 Future aspects
12.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Authors contribution
References
Chapter 13. Zinc-based nanofertilizers: synthesis and toxicity assessments
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Synthesis of Zn-based nanofertilizers
13.3 Use of Zn-based nanofertilizers and their types
13.4 Risks of zinc-based nanomaterials in agro-production
13.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Carbon nanotubes fertilizers: properties and applications
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Mechanical, electrical, structural, and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes
14.3 Application of carbon nanotubes to plant science and agriculture
14.4 Carbon nanotubes toxicity in the environment
14.5 Carbon nanotubes uptake and effects on plant growth
14.6 Carbon nanotubes and effects on seed germination
14.7 Carbon nanotubes as fertilizers delivery
14.8 Remarks and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15. Copper nanofertilizer: synthesis and applications
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Synthesis
15.3 Synthesis mechanisms
15.4 Uptake and accumulation in crops
15.5 Effect of Cu-NPs on bacteria
15.6 Effect of Cu-NPs on fungi
15.7 Effect of Cu-NPs on agricultural crops
15.8 Phytotoxicity of Cu-NPs
15.9 Significance of Cu-NPs for plants
15.10 Copper hybrid nanofertilizers
15.11 Future perspectives
References
Chapter 16. Nanophosphorous fertilizer: promoting sustainable agriculture practices
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Nanotechnologies to increase the utilization of phosphorous
16.3 Types of phosphorous nanomaterials
16.4 Synthesis of nanophosphorous
16.5 Uptake of nanophosphorous fertilizers by plants
16.6 Application of nanophosphorous in sustainable agriculture
16.7 Challenges and future perspectives
16.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 17. Multifunctional nanofertilizer for inducing systemic resistance in plants
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Types and techniques for the synthesis of nanofertilizers
17.3 Nanofertilizer-induced nutrient utilization efficiency in plants
17.4 Interactions insight of nanoparticles inside the plant host
17.5 Nanobiofertilizers
17.6 Delivery approaches of nanofertlizers
17.7 Influence of nanofertilizer on plant growth and yield production
17.8 Cross talk and toxicity view of nanofertlizer
17.9 Safety standards and risk assessment protocols with challenged prospects
17.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. Synthesis of trace elements loaded nanofertilizers and their benefits in agriculture
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Trace elements for plant growth
18.3 Nanoparticles in agriculture
18.4 Metabolic regulation of nanofertilizers
18.5 Techniques for the synthesis of nanofertilizers
18.6 Benefits of nanofertilizer loaded with micronutrients
18.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 19. Micro- and nano-biochar fertilizers for sustainable agroecosystems
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Properties of biochar
19.3 Pyrolysis process
19.4 Fabrication of nanobiochar
19.5 Nano-biochar and biochar nanocomposites
19.6 Different techniques for synthesized of nano-biochar and biochar nanocomposites
19.7 Impact of nanobiochar and biochar nanocomposites in agriculture
19.8 The effect of nano-biochar on soil microbes
19.9 Effects of nano-biochar on the interactions between soil and plants
19.10 Nano-biochar for soil remediation and phytotoxicity management
19.11 Removal of potentially hazardous metals with help from nano-biochar
19.12 Enhancement of bioavailable soil phosphorus via nano-biochar
19.13 Induction of systemic resistance in plants by nano-biochar fertilizers
19.14 Different mechanisms in disease suppression
19.15 Micro and nano-biochar as a potential slow-release nano-fertilizer
19.16 Multifunctional of micro-nano biochar fertilizers on plant growth and yield
19.17 Challenges associated with nano-biochar and biochar application to agricultural soils
19.18 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20. Physiological and molecular basis of seed priming with nanomaterials
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Nanoparticles for seed priming
20.3 Physiological and molecular basis of nano-priming
20.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21. Role of polymerizable stabilizers in enhancing the effectiveness of nanoparticle
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Agents of stabilization
21.3 Methods of stabilization
21.4 Strategies for stabilization of different nanoparticles
21.5 Mechanism of stabilization
21.6 Types of nanoparticles
21.7 Applications
References
Chapter 22. Mode of action of nanofertilizers and their role in nutrient budgeting: quality and attribute perspectives
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Conventional fertilizer usage and their drawbacks
22.3 Nanotechnology in agriculture
22.4 Nanofertilizers
22.5 Engineered nanofertilizers: types and elemental compositions
22.6 Nutrient balancing: a slow-release approach of nanofertilizers
22.7 Current approaches of slow-release fertilizers
22.8 Conclusion and the path ahead
References
Chapter 23. Nanofertilizers application protocols in the greenhouse and open fields
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Importance of nanofertilizers
23.3 Newly improvement in designing nanofertilizers
23.4 Formulation and design of nanofertilizers
23.5 Characteristics of nanofertilizers
23.6 Targeted delivery and controlled release
23.7 Modes of application
23.8 Other applications of nanoparticles in the agricultural
23.9 Limitations regarding the use of nanofertilizers
23.10 Recent applications in agricultural field and future studies
23.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24. Large-scale production of nanofertilizers: commercialization, challenges and future trends
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Commercialization of research
24.3 Need of nanofertilizers
24.4 Design and formulation of nanofertilizers
24.5 Commercialization of nanofertilizers: stimulating large-scale production
24.6 The large-scale production of nanofertilizers involves several steps
24.7 Categories of commercial nanofertilizers products and manufacturers
24.8 First large-scale production patent
24.9 Potential risks
24.10 Commercialization of nanofertilizers
24.11 Nanofertilizer production challenges
24.12 Limitations regarding the use of nanofertilizers
24.13 Future trends
24.14 Conclusion
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Nanofertilizer Synthesis: Methods and Types

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Kamel A Abd-Elsalam