MPLS

ContentsChapter 1 - Introduction1.1 How Did We Get Here?1.1.1 Growth and Evolution of the Internet1.1.2 Price and Performance1.1.3 Integration of IP over ATM 1.1.4 Extending Routing Functionality 1.2 A Brief History1.2.1 IP over ATM 1.2.2 Toshiba's Cell Switching Router (CSR) 1.2.3 IP Switching 1.2.4 Tag Switching 1.2.5 IBM's ARIS 1.2.6 The Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Working Group1.3 Summary Further Reading Chapter 2 - Fundamental Concepts 2.1 Network Layer Routing Functional Components: Control and Forwarding2.1.1 Forwarding Equivalence Classes2.1.2 Providing Consistent Routing 2.2 Label Switching: The Forwarding Component 2.2.1 What Is a Label?2.2.2 Label Switching Forwarding Tables 2.2.3 Carrying a Label in a Packet 2.2.4 Label Switching Forwarding Algorithm 2.2.5 Single Forwarding Algorithm 2.2.6 Forwarding Granularity 2.2.7 Multiprotocol: Both Above and Below 2.2.8 Label Switching Forwarding Component: Summary 2.3 Label Switching: The Control Component 2.3.1 Local Versus Remote Binding2.3.2 Upstream Versus Downstream Binding 2.3.3 ``Free'' Labels 2.3.4 Creating and Destroying Label Binding: Control­Driven Versus Data­Driven Label Binding 2.3.5 Distributing Label Binding Information: What Are the Options? 2.3.6 Multicast Considerations 2.3.7 Handling Routing Transients 2.4 Edge Devices 2.5 Relationship Between Label Switching and Network Layer Addressing and Routing 2.6 Summary Further Reading Chapter 3 - IP Switching 3.1 IP Switching Overview3.2 Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol (IFMP) 3.2.1 IFMP's Adjacency Protocol3.2.2 IFMP's Redirection Protocol 3.2.3 Encapsulation of Redirected Flows 3.2.4 IFMP and Security 129 3.2.5 IFMP and TTL 3.3 General Switch Management Protocol (GSMP) 3.3.1 GSMP Adjacency Protocol3.3.2 GSMP Connection Management Protocol 3.4 Implementations 3.5 Summary Further Reading Chapter 4 - Tag Switching 4.1 Tag Switching Overview4.1.1 Support for Destination­Based Routing4.1.2 Improving Routing Scalability via a Hierarchy of Routing Knowledge 4.1.3 Multicast 4.1.4 RSVP with Tag Switching 4.1.5 Explicit Routes 4.2 Tag Switching over ATM 4.2.1 Carrying Tag Information4.2.2 Destination­Based Forwarding 4.3 Tag Encapsulation on Non­ATM Links 4.4 Handling Tag Faults 4.5 Handling Forwarding Loops During Routing Transients 4.6 Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP) 4.7 Summary Further Reading Chapter 5 - MPLS Core Protocols 5.1 Working Group Origins and Charter5.2 The MPLS Architecture 5.2.1 Ordered vs. Independent Control5.2.2 Loop Detection and Prevention 5.3 Encapsulation 5.4 Label Distribution 5.4.1 Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)5.4.2 Label Distribution using BGP 5.5 ATM Issues 5.6 Multicast 5.7 Summary Further Reading Chapter 6 - Quality of Service 6.1 Integrated Services and RSVP6.1.1 Integrated Services Overview6.1.2 MPLS support of RSVP 6.1.3 RSVP and Scalability 6.2 Differentiated Services 6.2.1 Differentiated Services Overview6.2.2 MPLS Support of Diff­serv 6.3 Explicit Congestion Notification 6.3.1 ECN Overview6.3.2 MPLS support of ECN 6.4 Summary Further Reading Chapter 7 - Constraint­based routing 7.1 What is constraint­based routing?7.2 Constraint­based routing components 7.2.1 Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF)7.2.2 MPLS as the forwarding mechanism 7.2.3 RSVP extensions 7.2.4 CR­LDP 7.2.5 OSPF and IS-IS Extensions 7.2.6 Comparison of CR­LDP and RSVP 7.3 Application to Traffic Engineering 7.3.1 Problem Description7.3.2 Solving traffic engineering with ATM/FR 7.3.3 Why plain IP routing is not enough 7.3.4 Solving traffic engineering with MPLS constraint­based routing 7.4 Application to fast re­routing 7.4.1 Routing convergence with plain IP routing7.4.2 Fast re­route with constraint­based routing 7.5 Application to QoS 7.5.1 Relation between QoS and routing7.5.2 Guaranteed Bandwidth LSPs7.6 Summary Further Reading Chapter 8 - Virtual Private Networks 8.1 What is a VPN?8.2 Overlay model8.3 The Peer Model8.4 Constrained distribution of routing information8.5 Multiple Forwarding Tables8.6 VPN­IP Addresses8.7 MPLS as a forwarding mechanism8.8 Scalability8.9 Security8.10 QoS Support8.11 Advanced topics8.11.1 ISP as a customer 8.11.2 BGP/MPLS VPN service provider as a customer8.11.3 Multi­provider operations8.12 SummaryFurther Reading