Molecular Mechanisms of Protein Biosynthesis

List of Contributors

Preface

Twenty Years of Molecular Biology

Text 1


1 tRNA and Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases

I. Introduction

II. The Aminoacylation Reaction

III. Structure and Specificity of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases

IV. Structure of tRNA

V. Specificity of the Aminoacylation Reaction

VI. Specificity of Codon-Anticodon Interaction

VII. Elongation Factor Recognition of Aminoacyl-tRNA

VIII. tRNA-Ribosome Recognition

IX. tRNA Biosynthesis

X. Other Functions of tRNA

XI. Summary

References


2 Aspects of Ribosome Structure and Function

I. Introduction

II. Distribution of Ribosomal Components

III. Programming the Ribosome

IV. The tRNA Selection Mechanism

References


3 Primary Structure and Three-Dimensional Arrangement of Proteins within the Escherichia coli Ribosome

I. Primary Structure of Proteins

II. Ribosome Structure and Topography

References


4 Affinity Labeling of Ribosomes

I. Introduction

II. General Principles of Affinity Labeling

III. Applications to Ribosomes

IV. Survey of Affinity Labeling Results

V. Conclusion

References


5 Initiation of Messenger RNA Translation into Protein and Some Aspects of its Regulation

Introduction

Part I. Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes

I. Interaction of Initiation Factors with the Ribosomal Subunits

II. Interaction of Initiator fMet-tRNAf with Ribosomes and Initiation Factors

III. Interaction of Messenger RNA with Ribosomes and Initiation Factors

IV. Physiological Variations in Initiation of Protein Synthesis

Part II. Initiation of Protein Synthesis in the Cytoplasm of Eukaryotic Cells

V. Role of Met-tRNAf

VI. Selective Recognition of Met-tRNAf by Initiation Factors

VII. Binding of Met-tRNAf to 40 S Ribosomes

VIII. Formation of the 80 S Initiation Complex

IX. Specific Assays for Initiation of Eukaryotic mRNA Translation

X. Binding of Eukaryotic mRNA to Ribosomes

XI. Specificity of Eukaryotic mRNA Recognition

XII. Some Mechanisms of Control in Protein Synthesis Initiation

XIII. Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Initiation in Eukaryotes

XIV. Mixed Prokaryotic-Eukaryotic Systems

XV. Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Protein Synthesis Initiation

References


6 Factors Involved in the Transfer of Aminoacyl-tRNA to the Ribosome

I. Prokaryotic Factors—General Comments

II. Purification and Properties of EF-Tu and EF-Ts

III. Interactions of EF-Tu and EF-Ts

IV. Other Functions of the Elongation Factors

V. Aminoacyl-tRNA Binding Cycle

VI. Eukaryote Elongation Factor 1

VII. Conclusions

References


7 Translocation

I. Introduction

II. Purification and Properties of Elongation Factor G

III. Reactions of EF-G

IV. Translocation

V. Elongation Factor 2

VI. Conclusions

References


8 Peptide Bond Formation

I. Introduction

II. The Elongation Epicycle

III. Peptidyl Transferase Assays

IV. Contributions to the Understanding of Transpeptidation by Antibiotics

V. Mechanism of Catalysis

VI. Structure of the Peptidyl Transferase

VII. Conclusion

References


9 Peptide Chain Termination

I. Introduction

II. Terminator Codons

III. Nonsense Suppression

IV. Soluble Release Factors

V. The Ribosomal Role

VI. RF Ribosomal Interaction

VII. Conclusion

References


10 Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

I. Introduction

II. Classification of Inhibitors

III. Ribosome Structure and Function

IV. Localization of Antibiotic Action

V. Molecular Basis of Specificity and Activity of Inhibitors

VI. Comparison of Cell-Free Assays with Assays in Intact Cells

VII. Inhibitors of the Small Ribosome Subunit

VIII. Inhibitors of the Large Ribosomal Subunit

IX. Inhibitors of the Nonribosomal Factors

X. Miscellaneous Inhibitors

References


11 Messenger RNA and its Translation

I. Introduction

II. Identification of Messenger RNA

III. Synthesis, Structure, and Metabolism of mRNA

IV. Isolation of Messenger RNA

V. Translation of Exogenous mRNA

VI. Poly(A) and Messenger RNA Translation

VII. Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Particles

References


12 DNA-Dependent Cell-Free Protein Synthesis

I. Introduction

II. The Cell-Free Coupled Systems for RNA and Protein Synthesis

III. Studies on Regulation of Protein Synthesis

IV. Fidelity of the Coupled System

V. Conclusions

References


13 Genetics of the Translational Apparatus

I. Introduction

II. Methodology

III. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases

IV. tRNA

V. Ribosomes

VI. Conclusion

References

Index