Molecular Mechanisms Of Oxygen Activation

List of Contributors

Preface


1. General Properties and Biological Functions of Oxygenases

I. Historical Background

II. Nomenclature, Classification, and General Properties of Oxygenases

III. Chemical Aspects of Oxygen Fixation Reactions

IV. Biological Function of Oxygenases

V. Natural Distribution of Oxygenases

References


2. Oxygenases in Fatty Acid and Steroid Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Lipoxygenase

III. Biosynthesis of Prostaglandins

IV. Fatty Acid Hydroxylations

V. Fatty Acid Desaturation

VI. Biosynthesis of Cholesterol

VII. Conversion of Cholesterol into Steroid Hormones

VIII. Metabolism of Steroid Hormones in Liver

IX. Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Bile Acids

References


3. Heme-Containing Dioxygenases

I. Introduction

II. History of L-Tryptophan Oxygenase

III. Biological Role and Distribution of Tryptophan Oxygenase

IV. Physicochemical Properties of Tryptophan Oxygenase

V. Catalytic Mechanism

VI. Regulation of L-Tryptophan Oxygenase Activity

VII. DL-Tryptophan Oxygenase of Rabbit Intestine

References

Supplementary References


4. Nonheme Iron Dioxygenase

I. Introduction

II. Catechol Dioxygenases

III. Other Dioxygenases Requiring Nonheme Iron

IV. Reaction Mechanism

References


5. α-Ketoglutarate-Coupled Dioxygenases

I. Introduction

II. Prolyl Hydroxylase

III. Lysyl Hydroxylase

IV. 7-Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase

V. Dioxygenases in Pyrimidine and Nucleoside Metabolism

VI. p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Hydroxylase

VII. General Discussion

References

Note Added in Proof


6. Microsomal Cytochrome P-450-Linked Monooxygenase Systems in Mammalian Tissue

I. Introduction

II. Catalytic Components

III. Substrate Interaction with Cytochrome P-450

IV. On the Mechanism of the Cytochrome P-450-Linked Monooxygenase Reaction

V. On the Substrate Specificity of Microsomal Cytochrome P-450-Linked Monooxygenase Systems

VI. Relationship of the Cytochrome P-450-Linked Monooxygenase System to the Microsomal Membrane

VII. Substrate-Induced Synthesis of the Liver Microsomal Monooxygenase System

References


7. Flavoprotein Oxygenases

I. Introduction

II. Internal Flavoprotein Monooxygenases

III. External Flavoprotein Monooxygenases

IV. External Flavoprotein Dioxygenase

References


8. Pterin-Requiring Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylases

I. Introduction

II. Phenylalanine Hydroxylase

III. Tyrosine Hydroxylase

IV. Tryptophan Hydroxylase

References


9. Copper-Containing Oxygenases

I. Introduction

II. Tyrosinases

III. Dopamine ß-Hydroxylase

IV. Quercetinase (Flavonol 2,4-Oxygenase)

V. Conclusion

References


10. Chemical Models and Mechanisms for Oxygenases

I. Introduction

II. General Characteristics of O2 and O2 Reactions

III. Reactivity of Reduced O2 Species

IV. The Oxenoid Mechanism

V. Monooxygenases

VI. Dioxygenases

VII. Conclusions

References


11. Superoxide Dismutase

I. Introduction

II. A Historical Account of the Discovery of Superoxide Dismutase

III. Superoxide Dismutases from Eucaryotic Sources

IV. Superoxide Dismutases from Procaryotic Sources

V. Biological Significance of Superoxide Dismutase

VI. Applications of Superoxide Dismutase

VII. Some Chemical Properties of Oxygen and Its Reduction Products

VIII. Projected Studies

References


12. Cytochrome c Oxidase

I. Introduction

II. Physicochemical Properties

III. Reaction Characteristics of the Isolated Enzyme

IV. Interactions of Oxidase with the Membrane

V. Conclusions

References


13. Peroxidase

I. Introduction

II. Functions of Peroxidases

III. Structure of Peroxidases

IV. Relationship between Structure and Function

V. Conclusion

References


14. Bacterial Monoxygenases—The P450 Cytochrome System

I. Introduction

II. Bacterial Monoxygenases

III. Biology

IV. Chemistry and Physics

V. Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index