Molecular Biology of Aging

Chapter One: Clinical Aspects of Glucose Metabolism and Chronic Disease

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• 3 Cardiovascular Disease
• 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
• 5 Sarcopenia
• 6 The Frailty Syndrome
• 7 Dementia
• 8 Exercise and Brain Metabolism
• 9 Pharmacological Treatments for Dementia
• 10 Reducing Chronic Disease Burden

Chapter Two: Therapeutic Strategies for Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Global Prevalence of Metabolic Disorders
• 3 Structure and Functions of Mitochondria
• 4 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders
• 5 Strategies Directed to Target Mitochondrial Dysfunction
• 6 Concluding Remarks
• Acknowledgments

Chapter Three: MicroRNAs as Peripheral Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Circulatory miRNAs
• 3 miRNAs Secretion in Circulatory Biofluids
• 4 Circulatory miRNAs as Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases
• 5 Concluding Remarks
• Acknowledgments

Chapter Four: Molecular Links and Biomarkers of Stroke, Vascular Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Risk Factors for IS, VaD, and AD
• 3 Molecular Links and Pathways
• 4 Molecular Biomarkers
• 5 Concluding Remarks
• Acknowledgments

Chapter Five: MicroRNAs, Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Alzheimer's Disease

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Biogenesis and Regulation of miRNAs
• 3 miRNA, Aging, and Cellular Senescence
• 4 miRNAs, Cellular Senescence, and Pathways
• 5 miRNAs and Neurodegenerative Diseases
• 6 Concluding Remarks
• Acknowledgments

Chapter Six: Mitochondria-Targeted Molecules as Potential Drugs to Treat Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Aβ and Alzheimer's Disease
• 3 Phosphorylated Tau and Alzheimer's Disease
• 4 Synaptic Damage and Alzheimer's Disease
• 5 Decreased Glucose Metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease
• 6 Mitochondria and ROS in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease
• 7 Aβ and Phosphorylated Tau in Mitochondria
• 8 Natural Antioxidants and Mitochondrial Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer's Disease
• 9 Human Clinical Trials and Perspective Studies on Alzheimer's Disease
• 10 Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease Using Mitochondria-Targeted Molecules
• 11 Evidence Supporting Neuronal Function in MCAT Mice
• 12 Conclusions and Future Studies
• Acknowledgments

Chapter Seven: Mitochondrial-Targeted Catalase: Extended Longevity and the Roles in Various Disease Models

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Life Span and Healthspan Extension in Mice-Overexpressing Catalase
• 3 The Contribution of mCAT Mouse Models to the Study of Diseases
• 4 Pleotropic or Adverse Effects of mCAT Expression
• 5 Pharmacologic Analogs of mCAT Expression

Chapter Eight: Metabolic Syndrome and the Cellular Phase of Alzheimer's Disease

• Abstract
• 1 Alzheimer's Disease Is a Convergent Syndrome With Mixed Pathologies
• 2 Cellular Phase of AD
• 3 Cross Talk Between MetS and the Cellular Phase of AD
• 4 Targeting SIRT3 to Improve Metabolic Adaptation During the Cellular Phase of AD
• 5 Microglial Priming During MetS
• 6 Peripheral and Central Inflammation Connection
• 7 Overlap of VaD With AD
• 8 Neurovascular Unit Facilitates MetS–AD Cross Talk
• 9 Cerebral Ischemia and AD

Chapter Nine: Mitochondria, Cybrids, Aging, and Alzheimer's Disease

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Mitochondria and Aging
• 3 Mitochondria and Alzheimer's Disease
• 4 AD Cytoplasmic Hybrid (Cybrid) Studies
• 5 Conclusions
• Acknowledgment

Chapter Ten: The Kidney in Aging: Physiological Changes and Pathological Implications

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Evaluation of Renal Function
• 3 Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Disorders in Aging
• 4 Conclusions

Chapter Eleven: Mitochondrial Perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Mitochondrial Function
• 3 Synaptic Mitochondrial Pathology in AD
• 4 Impact of CypD-Dependent mPTP on Mitochondrial Defects
• 5 Effect of Neuronal PreP Activity and RAGE Signaling on Mitochondrial Dysfunction
• 6 Effects of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase on Aβ Solubility and Mitochondrial Function
• 7 Impact of Mitochondrial Dynamics in MCI and AD
• 8 Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Diabetes
• 9 Conclusion