Microalgal Biomass for Bioenergy Applications

Microalgal Biomass for Bioenergy Applications presents current methods, practical applications, and research trends on diverse biofuel products from microalgae. This comprehensive book provides analyses of microalgal biology, chemical and molecular engineering techniques to scale-up algal biomass processes and biofuels conversion, and economic feasibility of value-added bioenergy co-products from a variety of microalgal strains. Sections cover microalgal biomass availability, suitability, potential for biofuel applications, scientific and methodical aspects of biomass harvesting, sustainable and commercial applications of microalgal biofuels, including LCA, and the technological limitations and future perspectives on microalgal biofuels.

Each section offers in-depth knowledge on the fundamental and practical aspects with reference to biofuels and bioenergy production from microalgae. This book will be a valuable update for students, researchers and industry professionals working in bioenergy, and will be of interest to microbial and environmental scientists and phycologists interested in practical applications for microalgae.

Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Contributors
About the editors
Foreword
Preface
Section I Bioprospecting Microalgae: Availability, Suitability and Potentiality for Biofuel Applications
Chapter 1 Microalgal biofuels: From biomass to bioenergy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Challenges faced in the commercialization and processing of algae fuels
1.3 Types of biofuels
1.4 Overview of algae fuels
1.5 Conversion of biomass to biofuel
1.6 Anaerobic digestion process
1.7 Pretreatment of algae biomass for biogas production
1.8 Biofuels from microalgae biomass
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Microalgal based biofuels: Sources, benefits, and constraints
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The global energy situation: past, present, and future
2.3 Microalgae-based fuel production
2.4 Comparing different energy sources
2.5 Costs and energy return for microalgae energy
2.6 Discussion and conclusion
References
Section II From Biomass to Biofuel: Conversion Technologies and Process Development in Microalgal Bioenergy Sector
Chapter 3 Microalgal farming for biofuel production: Extraction, conversion, and characterization
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Algae
3.3 Microalgal farming for biofuel production
3.4 Lipid analysis methods
3.5 Algal biofuel
3.6 Genetic manipulation of microalgae for biofuel production
3.7 Indian scenario of algal biofuel production
3.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4 Microalgal biodiesel properties based on fatty acid profiles: Modeling, design, and optimization of production conditions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Microalgae lipids and fatty acid composition
4.3 Biodiesel properties influenced by the fatty acid profile
4.4 Biodiesel from microalgae: an approach based on design model and optimization
4.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5 FAME analysis of microalgal biomass from waste stabilization ponds for biofuel purposes
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Waste stabilization ponds as sources of microalgae
5.3 Extraction of microalgae lipids
5.4 FAME potential in microalgae oil
5.5 Current aspects of biodiesel from microalgae
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Microalgal liquid, solid, and gaseous biofuels: Cultivation and production strategies for biofuel accumulation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Microalgae as an alternative for biofuel production
6.3 Strategies of cultivation for biomolecules accumulation
6.4 Liquid biofuels
6.5 Gaseous biofuels
6.6 Solid biofuel
6.7 Challenges, opportunities, and future trends
6.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuel generation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biochemical conversion of algal feedstock to fuel
7.3 Thermochemical conversion of algal feedstock to fuel
7.4 Chemical process of algal feedstock conversion to fuel
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Biofuel recovery from microalgal biomass through hydrothermal liquefaction
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Algae biomass for fuel
8.3 Thermochemical conversion of algal biomass
8.4 HTL—nonethnic fuel extraction technique
8.5 HTL kinetics and bio-oil upgradation
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Hydrothermal gasification of microalgal biomass for bioenergy applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Microalgae: bioenergy resource
9.3 Hydrothermal gasification
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Microalgae-derived biofuel production via nanocatalysis
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Microalgae cultivation for biofuels
10.3 Role of nanotechnology in biofuel
10.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Biodiesel production from microalgal resources: Harvest and postharvest technologies
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Potential of algae for various applications
11.3 Algal biodiesel production
11.4 Cultivation systems and growth optimization
11.5 Algae harvest and postharvest technologies
11.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Section III Microalgal Biofuels: Renewable, Sustainable, and Commercial Applications
Chapter 12 Biofuels from diatoms: A sustainable bioenergy source in post-fossil fuel era
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Why do we need microalgal biofuel?
12.3 Global scenario of research and development for microalgal biofuel production
12.4 Scope of diatoms as major biofuel producers
12.5 Cultivation designs and methodologies for up-scaling of diatom fuel production
12.6 Advances in downstream processes
12.7 Application of genetic engineering and synthetic biology in oleaginous diatoms
12.8 Conclusion and future outlook
References
Chapter 13 Microalgae as sustainable feedstock for biofuel production and value-added co-products
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Microalgae cultivation
13.3 Microalgae harvesting
13.4 Lipid extraction
13.5 Transesterification
13.6 Applications
13.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 14 Microalgal-based biodiesel and its lifecycle assessment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Microalgal biodiesel production
14.3 Lifecycle assessment
14.4 Lifecycle impact assessment
14.5 Conclusion
References
Section IV Phycofuel Processing Technology: Technological Limitations and Future Perspectives
Chapter 15 Biofuels from microalgae: Growing conditions, cultivation strategies, and techno-commercial challenges
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Growing and harvesting microalgae for fuel applications
15.3 Microalgae as fuel for future
15.4 Challenges in commercializing algal biofuels
15.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Developments, challenges, and future perspectives in renewable bioenergy production using microalgae
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Recent developments in bioenergy production from microalgae
16.3 Nano additives in biofuel production
16.4 Challenges in microalgae—biofuel production
16.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Cutting-edge approaches for overcoming challenges in microalgal biodiesel production
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Current status
17.3 Different technical challenges of biodiesel production from microalgae
17.4 Scale-up of microalgae-based biodiesel technology
17.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18 Genetic engineering of microalgae for production of biofuels: Recent progress and practical limitations
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Tools and techniques
18.3 Case studies in microalgae with reference to biofuel production
18.4 Risk assessment, biosafety, and regulatory issues at the global level
18.5 Challenges and limitation
18.6 Future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Index

JS

Jeyabalan Sangeetha

Jeyabalan Sangeetha is an Assistant Professor at Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India. She earned her BSc in Microbiology (2001) and PhD in Environmental Sciences (2010) from Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. She holds an MSc in Environmental Sciences (2003) from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Between 2004 and 2008, she was the recipient of Tamil Nadu Government Scholarship and the Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship of University Grants Commission, Government of India for doctoral studies. She served as Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellow and UGC Postdoctoral Fellow at Karnatak University, Dharwad, South India during 2012-2016 with funding from University Grants Commission, Government of India, New Delhi. She has carried out her doctoral and postdoctoral research in the fields of microbiology and metagenomics respectively.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India

DT

Devarajan Thangadurai

Devarajan Thangadurai is a Professor at Karnatak University, Dharwad in India and did his postdoctoral research at the University of Madeira, Portugal, University of Delhi, India, and ICAR National Research Centre for Banana, India. He is the recipient of Best Young Scientist Award with Gold Medal from Acharya Nagarjuna University, India, and the VGST-SMYSR Young Scientist Award of the Government of Karnataka, India. He has keen interest and expertise in the fields of biodiversity and biotechnology, genetics, and genomics of beneficial microbes for biofuel production towards sustainable environment. He has authored and edited more than thirty-five books including Phycobiotechnology, Algal Genetic Resources, Microalgal Biotechnology, Seaweed Biotechnology, Algal Metabolites, Algal Farming, and Bioprospecting Algae for Nanosized Materials with international scientific publishers in USA, Canada, Switzerland, and India.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Botany, Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Microalgal Biomass for Bioenergy Applications

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Jeyabalan Sangeetha

Devarajan Thangadurai