Membrane Electrodes in Drug-Substances Analysis

Introduction

References

Part I - General Aspects of Membrane Electrodes

Chapter 1 Theoretical Considerations


1.1 Solid Membranes


1.2 Liquid Membranes


1.3 Gas-Sensing Membranes


1.4 Enzyme Electrodes

References

Chapter 2 Basic Characteristics of Membrane Electrodes


2.1 Electrode Function


2.2 Limit of Detection


2.3 Selectivity


2.4 Response Time


2.5 Temperature Coefficient

References

Chapter 3 Construction and Fundamental Parameters of Typical Membrane Electrodes


3.1 Solid Membrane Electrodes


3.2 Liquid Membrane Electrodes


3.3 Gas-Sensing Membrane Electrodes

References

Chapter 4 Analytical Techniques Using Membrane Electrodes


4.1 Standardization of Membrane Electrodes


4.2 Direct Potentiometry


4.3 Standard Addition and Subtraction Methods


4.4 Gran Plots


4.5 Potentiometric Titrations

References

Part II - General Methods of Analysis Using Membrane Electrodes

Chapter 5 Halogens, Sulphur and Phosphorus


5.1 Determination of Ionisable Halogens


5.2 Determination of Halogens after Alkaline Mineralization


5.3 Determination of Halogens and Sulphur after Oxygen Flask Combustion


5.4 Sulphur Determination after Reductive Decomposition


5.5 Inorganic Sulphate Determination


5.6 Inorganic Phosphate Determination

References

Chapter 6 Inorganic Cations


6.1 Aluminum


6.2 Ammonium and Ammonia


6.3 Calcium


6.4 Iron


6.5 Magnesium


6.6 Mercury


6.7 Potassium


6.8 Sodium


6.9 Zinc

References

Part III - Determination of Drug-Substances

Chapter 7 Inhibitors and Stimulants of the Central Nervous System


7.1 Alcohol


7.2 Aminopyrin (Pyramidon) and Antipyrin (Phenazone)


7.3 Barbitone Sodium


7.4 Bromides


7.5 Bromisoval


7.6 Bromoform, Chloroform and Ethyl Chloride


7.7 Chloral Hydrate


7.8 Flurazepam


7.9 Glutamic Acid


7.10 Inactin and Thiopentone (Sodium Salts)


7.11 Meprobamate


7.12 Methadone Hydrochloride


7.13 Morphine and Other Alkaloids


7.14 Phenobarbitone Sodium


7.15 Phenothiazines


7.16 Procaine Hydrochloride


7.17 Salicylic Acid (Sodium Salt)


7.18 Sulphonal

References

Chapter 8 Drugs of Various Actions


8.1 Adenosine Phosphate


8.2 Amphetamine Sulphate


8.3 Chlorpheniramine Maleate


8.4 Choline and Its Esters


8.5 Clobutinol Hydrochloride


8.6 Cyclizine Hydrochloride


8.7 Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide


8.8 Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride


8.9 Ephedrine and Methylephedrine (as Hydrochlorides)


8.10 Neostigmine Bromide


8.11 Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate


8.12 Procyclidine Hydrochloride


8.13 Propranolol and Similar Compounds

References

Chapter 9 Local Action Drugs


9.1 Acetic Acid (Solution)


9.2 Aluminum Compounds


9.3 Ammonia Solution and Ammonium Salts


9.4 Calcium Compounds


9.5 Hydrochloric Acid


9.6 Magnesium Compounds


9.7 Potassium Compounds


9.8 Sodium Compounds


9.9 Tartaric Acid

References

Chapter 10 Antiseptics and Disinfectants


10.1 Benzene Hexachloride


10.2 Benzoic Acid


10.3 Chloramine-T


10.4 Copper Sulphate


10.5 Dicophane


10.6 Dyestuffs


10.7 Formaldehyde and Hexamine


10.8 Hydroxyquinoline and Derivatives


10.9 Iodine


10.10 Mercury Compounds


10.11 Phenol and Derivatives


10.12 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds


10.13 Silver Nitrate


10.14 Trichloracetic Acid


10.15 Zinc Compounds

References

Chapter 11 Chemoterapeutic Drugs


11.1 Aminobenzoic Acid


11.2 Calcium Aminosalicylate


11.3 Cephalosporins


11.4 Chlorambucil


11.5 Chloramphenicol and Its Esters


11.6 Cyclophosphamide


11.7 Fluorouracil and Floxuridine


11.8 Isoniazid


11.9 Mefloquine


11.10 Nystatin


11.11 Penicillins


11.12 Proguanil Hydrochloride


11.13 Sulphonamides


11.14 as-Triazines


11.15 Trifluorothymidine

References

Chapter 12 Diuretic Drugs


12.1 Mercury Compounds


12.2 Potassium Nitrate


12.3 Sulphonamides (e.g. Furosemide)


12.4 Urea

References

Chapter 13 Hypoglycaemic Agents


13.1 Guanidine Derivatives


13.2 Lactic Acid


13.3 Sulphonamides

References

Chapter 14 Hematinic Substances


14.1 Cobalt Chloride


14.2 Cyanocobalamin


14.3 Iron Salts

References

Chapter 15 Complexing Agents


15.1 Citric Acid


15.2 Disodium Edetate


15.3 Penicillamine


15.4 Sodium Nitrite


15.5 Sodium Thiosulphate

References

Chapter 16 Hormones, Steroids and Vitamins


16.1 Ascorbic Acid


16.2 Betamethasone and Other Steroids


16.3 Liothyronine Sodium


16.4 Methimazole


16.5 Nicotinic Acid and Derivatives


16.6 Thiourea and Derivatives


16.7 Vitamin B1 and B6

References

Chapter 17 Nutrients


17.1 Amino Acids


17.2 Calcium Compounds


17.3 Glucose


17.4 Potassium Compounds


17.5 Sodium Compounds

References

Chapter 18 Miscellaneous Compounds


18.1 Camphor Monobromide


18.2 Chymotrypsin


18.3 Cystaphos and Cysteamine Hydrochloride


18.4 Glycols


18.5 Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride


18.6 Radiopaque Substances

References

Appendices

Appendix 1 - Tables of Data and Information

Appendix 2 - Preparation of Useful Solutions

Index