
Medicinal Plant Research in Africa
Advances in Pharmacology and Chemistry
- 2nd Edition - April 16, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Editor: Victor Kuete
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 3 0 1 7 0 - 4
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 3 0 1 7 1 - 1
Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, second edition is an updated and complete reference on the pharmacology of most relevant African species and their phytochemical proper… Read more

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- Highlights how phytochemicals can help overcome drug resistance
- Provides updated methods for structural identification of phytochemicals, pharmacological techniques, and data interpretation
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- About the editor
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Monoterpenes and related phytochemicals from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Structural elucidation of monoterpenes
- 1D NMR of monoterpenes
- Acyclic monoterpenes
- Monocyclic monoterpenes (case of p-menthanes)
- Bicyclic monoterpenes
- 2D NMR of monoterpenes
- Advanced structural elucidation methods of monoterpenes
- Update of monoterpenes identified by GC-MS and isolated from African medicinal plants
- Monoterpenes identified by GC-MS from 2013–2023
- Monoterpenes isolated from African medicinal plants from 2013 to 2023
- Update of pharmacological activities of monoterpenes isolated from African medicinal plants and essential oils from African medicinal plants from 2013 to 2023
- Update of pharmacological activities of monoterpenes isolated from African medicinal plants
- Update of pharmacological activities of essential oils from African medicinal plants
- Update of pharmacological activities of monoterpenes isolated and/or identified from African medicinal plants
- Conclusion
- Chapter 2. Sesquiterpenes reported from the medicinal plants of Africa from 2013 to 2023 and their pharmacology
- Introduction
- Update of sesquiterpenes isolated from African medicinal plants within the period of 2013–23
- Basic skeletons and nomenclature of sesquiterpenes
- New sesquiterpenes isolated in African medicinal plants from 2013 to 2023
- Known sesquiterpenes isolated in African medicinal plants from 2013 to 2023
- Update of pharmacological activities of sesquiterpenes isolated from African medicinal plants from 2013 to 2023
- Antimicrobial activity of sesquiterpenes identified in African plants from 2013 to 2023
- Antiplasmodial activity of sesquiterpenes identified in African plants from 2013 to 2023
- Other activities of sesquiterpenes isolated from African plants from 2013 to 2023
- Conclusions
- Chapter 3. Review of diterpenoids from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Biosynthesis and structural diversity
- Pharmacological activities of diterpenoids isolated from African medicinal plants
- Antimicrobial activity
- Antiparasitic activity
- Cytotoxicity of diterpenes identified in African Medicinal Plants
- Other diterpenoids from African Medicinal Plants
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 4. Triterpenes and steroids from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Method of purification and isolation of triterpenes and steroids
- New triterpenes and steroids isolated from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Triterpenes and steroids isolated from African medicinal plants with their biological activities
- Antidiabetic activities
- Antileishmanial activity
- Anticancer activities of the identified triterpenoids
- Antimicrobial activities of triterpenoids obtained from African medicinal plants
- Antimycobacterial activity
- Other biological activities
- Isolated compounds without evaluation of the biological activities
- Conclusions
- List of abbreviations
- Chapter 5. Essential oils from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Chemical characterization of essential
- Established essential oils from African medicinal plants
- Biological activity of essential oils from African medicinal plants: An update of 2013–23 findings
- Antimicrobial activities
- Antidiabetic activities
- Antihypertensive activity
- Antioxidant activities
- Antimalarial effects
- Anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant activities
- Brine shrimp assay
- Cytotoxicity
- Insecticidal activity
- Pain model: Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities
- Conclusions
- Chapter 6. Simple phenols, phenolic acids, related esters from the medicinal plants of Africa, and potential drug discovery since 2013
- Introduction
- Structural elucidation of simple phenols, phenolic acids, and related esters
- Update of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of new and known simple phenols, phenolic acids, and related esters isolated from African medicinal plants
- Conclusions
- Chapter 7. Coumarins and related compounds from the medicinal plants of Africa and drug discovery
- Introduction
- Structural elucidation of coumarins and related compounds
- Sample preparation and extraction
- Methods for determination of coumarins
- Update of coumarins and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- New coumarins and related derivatives isolated in African medicinal plants
- Known coumarins and related derivatives isolated in African medicinal plants
- Update of pharmacological activities of coumarins and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- Antimicrobial coumarins and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- Antimalarial coumarins and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- Antioxidant coumarins and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- Cytotoxic/anticancer coumarins and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- Other biological activities of coumarins and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- Conclusion
- Chapter 8. Flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related phytochemicals from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Structural elucidation of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related phytochemicals
- Basic skeletons and classification
- Spectroscopic techniques for structural elucidation
- Nuclear magnetic resonance
- Mass spectrometry
- Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
- Infrared spectroscopy
- Update of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- Update of pharmacological activities of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants
- Antimicrobial flavonoids isolated from African medicinal plants
- Antiplasmodial flavonoids identified in African medicinal plants
- Cytotoxicity of flavonoids isolated from African medicinal plants
- Anti-inflammatory flavonoids identified in African medicinal plants
- Antioxidant flavonoids isolated from African medicinal plants
- Other activities
- Conclusions
- Chapter 9. Quinones and benzophenones identified from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Quinones and biosynthesis
- Benzophenones and biosynthesis
- Structural elucidation of quinones and benzophenones
- Structural elucidation of quinones
- Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry
- Infrared spectrometry
- 1H-NMR spectrometry
- Mass spectrometry
- Color reactions
- Structural elucidation of benzophenones
- Update of quinones and benzophenones isolated from African medicinal plants
- Update of the pharmacological activities of quinones and benzophenones isolated from African medicinal plants
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 10. Xanthones identified in the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Classification
- Simple oxygenated xanthones
- Glycosylated xanthones
- Prenylated and related xanthones
- Bisxanthones
- Xantholignoids
- Miscellaneous xanthones
- Isolation, structural elucidation, and biosynthesis pathway for xanthone
- Isolation
- Structural elucidation
- Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
- Infrared spectroscopy
- Mass spectrometry
- Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- X-ray
- Xanthone biosynthesis in plants
- Shikimate pathway
- Phenylalanine-dependent pathway
- Phenylalanine-independent pathway
- Xanthone derivatives of 1,3,5-trihydroxyxanthone
- Xanthone derivatives of 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone
- Xanthones isolated from the African plants from 2013 to 2023
- Pharmacological activities of xanthones isolated from African medicinal plants from 2013 to 2023
- Conclusion
- List of abbreviations
- Chapter 11. Chemistry and pharmacology of lignans and stilbenes reported in African medicinal plants
- Introduction
- Definition, structure, and classes of lignans
- Occurrence of lignans in African plants
- Occurrence of stilbenes
- Stilbene subgroups
- Biosynthesis of lignans and stilbenes
- Biosynthesis of lignans
- Biosynthesis of stilbenes
- Diversity of lignans and stilbenes
- Glycosylation, methoxylation, prenylation
- Oligomerization
- Enantiomeric diversity of lignans
- Trans and cis isomers in stilbenes
- Structural identification of lignans and stilbenes
- NMR characteristics of furofurans
- NMR characteristics of furan-type lignans
- NMR characteristics of dibenzylbutane, dibenzylbutyrolactone, and dibenzylbutyrolactol type lignans
- NMR characteristics of aryltetralin and arylnaphtalene type lignans
- NMR characteristics of stilbenes
- New lignans from African medicinal plants
- Pharmacological activities of lignans and stilbenes isolated from African plants
- Pharmacological activity of new lignans
- Antimicrobial, antiviral lignans from African medicinal plants
- Cytotoxic and anticancer lignans from African medicinal plants
- Antiinflammatory and antioxidant lignans from African medicinal plants
- Structures of new stilbenes
- Pharmacological activities of new stilbenes
- Antimicrobial and antitumor stilbenes
- Antioxidant and antiinflammatory stilbenes
- Other activities of new lignans and stilbenes
- Antitumor of activities of known lignans from African medicinal plants
- Conclusion
- Chapter 12. Tannins and related compounds from medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Definition
- Occurrence
- Extraction techniques
- Solvent extraction
- Biotechnology extraction
- Classification
- Hydrolyzable tannins
- Proanthocyanidins
- Pharmacological activities
- Antioxidant activity
- Antitumor activity
- Antiviral activity
- Antibacterial activity
- Antileishmanial activity
- Anthelmintic activity
- Enzymes-inhibitory activities
- Vascular and cardial activities
- Hepatoprotective activity
- Antidiarrheal activity
- Antiulcer activity
- Antiallergic activity
- Anti-inflammatory activity
- Biosynthesis and structural diversity
- Biosynthesis of HTs
- Origin of gallic acid (GA, I) [194,195]
- Biosynthesis of β-glucogallin (βG, II)
- Biosynthesis of simple galloyl glucoses-the pathway to PGG (XVI) [190]
- Biosynthesis of depsidic GTs-the pathway from PGG to complex GTs
- Biosynthesis of ellagitannins (ETs) [190]
- Biosynthesis of proanthocynidins [68]
- Pharmacological activity of tannins and their monomers isolated from African plants
- Pharmacological activity of HTs isolated from African medicinal plants
- Pharmacological activity of CTs from African medicinal plants
- New tannins isolated in African medicinal plants
- New HTs isolated in African medicinal plants and examples of structural elucidation
- Model for systematic structural elucidation of a model hydrolyzable tannin
- New CTs isolated in African medicinal plants
- Other tannins or tannin monomers from African medicinal plants
- Other HTs isolated in African medicinal plants
- Other CTs isolated in African medicinal plants
- Chapter 13. Alkaloids from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- Update of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of new/known alkaloids isolated from African medicinal plants
- Antiparasitic activities of alkaloids identified in African medicinal plants since 2013
- Benzophenanthridine alkaloids
- Quinoline and hasubanane alkaloids
- Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids
- Indole alkaloids
- Cyclopeptide alkaloids
- Aporphine alkaloids
- Protoberberine alkaloids
- Carbazole alkaloids
- Indolosesquiterpene alkaloids
- Alkamide alkaloid
- Cytotoxicity of alkaloids identified in African medicinal plants since 2013
- Benzophenanthridine alkaloids
- Quinoline alkaloids
- Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids
- Miscellaneous alkaloids
- Antimicrobial activities of alkaloids identified in African medicinal plants since 2013
- Benzophenanthridine alkaloids
- Pyrroloquinolone alkaloids
- Alkamide alkaloids
- Indole alkaloids
- Antioxidant activities of alkaloids identified in African medicinal plants since 2013
- Conclusions
- Chapter 14. Ceramides, cerebrosides, and related long chains containing derivatives identified from the medicinal plants of Africa
- Introduction
- New ceramides, cerebrosides, and related compounds isolated in African medicinal plants
- Ceramides
- Cerebrosides
- Related compounds
- Extraction and isolation methods of ceramides and cerebrosides
- Biological activities of ceramides and cerebrosides isolated from African medicinal plants
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 15. Update of the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral botanicals and phytochemicals from the flora of Africa
- Introduction
- Progress in antibacterial drug research from plants and established drugs
- Progress in the screenings of the antibacterial activity of plant products
- Progress in the ranking of the antibacterial activity of plant products
- Update on the antibacterial botanicals and phytochemicals from the flora of Africa
- Modes and mechanisms of action of newly reported antibacterials from plant sources
- Antibiotic modulation effect of botanicals from African flora toward MDR bacteria
- Role efflux pumps inhibition on the activity of African medicinal plants and derived phytochemicals toward MDR bacteria
- Antifungal drug research from African plants
- Progress in antiviral drug research from plants and established drugs
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 16. Antimalarial and other antiprotozoal products from African medicinal plants
- Introduction
- State-of-the-art in malaria and other protozoan diseases
- Malaria
- Leishmaniasis
- Human African trypanosomiasis
- Chagas disease
- Antimalarial and other antiprotozoal activity of African medicinal plants: An update
- Antimalarial and antiplasmodial activities of medicinal plants from Africa and their derivatives
- Antileishmanial activity of African medicinal plants and their derivatives
- Antitrypanosomal activity of African medicinal plants and their derivatives
- Experimental perspectives
- Conclusions
- Chapter 17. Cytotoxic and anticancer botanicals and phytochemicals of the flora of Africa
- Introduction
- Progress in anticancer drug research from plants and established drugs
- Screenings of the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of African plant products
- Progress in the ranking of the cytotoxic plant products
- Potential of botanicals and phytochemicals from the flora of Africa
- Antileukemia plant products
- Antibreast cancer plant products
- Anticolorectal cancer plant products
- Antiglioblastoma plant products
- Antihepatocarcinoma plant products
- Antiprostate cancer plant products
- Antipancreatic cancer plant products
- Antilung cancer plant products
- Cytotoxic plant products acting on melanoma and cervical cancer cells
- Modes of action of natural products from African plant sources identified from 2013 to date
- Botanicals and apoptosis
- Phytochemicals and apoptosis
- Induction of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy
- Mechanisms of action of natural products from African plant sources identified from 2013 to date
- Abrogation of Akt signaling pathway
- PI3K/Akt/snail signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Other pathways involved in the cytotoxic actions of botanicals and phytochemicals
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 18. Antiinflammatory, modulatory and analgesic activities of African medicinal plants and their derivatives
- Introduction
- Medicinal plants with antiinflammatory and analgesic activities
- Aloaceae or Liliaceae
- Amaryllidaceae
- Annonaceae
- Apiaceae
- Apocynaceae
- Araceae
- Araliaceae
- Asparagaceae
- Asteraceae
- Bignoniaceae
- Caryophyllaceae
- Celastraceae
- Crassulaceae
- Euphorbiaceae
- Fabaceae
- Lamiaceae
- Malvaceae
- Meliaceae
- Molluginaceae
- Moraceae
- Myrtaceae
- Olacaceae
- Orchidaceae
- Poaceae
- Phytolaccaceae
- Rubiaceae
- Rutaceae
- Solanaceae
- Sterculiaceae
- Tiliaceae
- Vitaceae
- Zygophyllaceae
- Conclusion
- Chapter 19. Antidiabetic botanicals and phytochemicals from African medicinal plants: An update of 10years findings
- Introduction
- State-of-the-art in global treatment of diabetes
- Pharmaceutical therapy of diabetes
- Insulin
- Biguanides
- Sulfonylureas
- Meglitinides
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- Thiazolidinediones
- Glycosurics
- Peptide analogs
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4)
- Innovative strategies in the management of diabetes
- Insulin pump therapy: CSII
- Nanocarriers-based therapeutic drug delivery system
- Artificial pancreas
- Pancreatic islet cell transplantation
- Gene therapy
- Stem cells therapy
- Herbal therapy to manage diabetes
- Antidiabetic activity of African medicinal plants: An update
- Anthocleista djalonensis (Gentianaceae)
- Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae)
- Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae)
- Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae)
- Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae)
- Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae)
- Picralima nitida (Apocynaceae)
- Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae)
- Warionia saharae (Compositae)
- Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae)
- Polyherbal formulations from African medicinal plants
- Clinical trials on the antidiabetic potential of African medicinal plants
- Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)—Tanzania
- Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae)—Nigeria
- Laportea ovalifolia (Urticaceae)—Cameroon
- Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)—Mali
- Allium cepa L. and Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae)—Sudan
- Trigonella foenum-graecum L—Algeria, Egypt, Sudan
- Antidiabetic compounds identified in African medicinal plants
- Phenolic compounds
- Terpenoids
- Alkaloids
- Other class compounds
- Future perspectives for antidiabetics from African medicinal plants
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 20. African medicinal plants acting on the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems
- Introduction
- The central nervous system
- Epilepsy
- Cissus quadrangularis
- Senna spectabilis
- Albizia glaberrima
- Laggera aurita
- Tapinanthus globiferus
- Caralluma dalzielii
- Alchemilla kiwuensis
- Paullinia pinnata
- Canarium schweinfurthii
- Bambusa vulgaris
- Pseudospondias microcarpa
- Annona senegalensis
- Crassula arborescens
- Biophytum umbraculum Welw.
- Psychotria camptopus
- Pergularia daemia
- Chrysanthellum americanum
- Alzheimer diseases
- Bacopa floribunda
- Aframomum melegueta
- Carpolobia lutea
- Gladiolus dalenii
- Capparis sepiaria
- Cola acuminata
- Cussonia paniculata
- Dichrocephala integrifolia
- Emilia coccinea
- Lactuca capensis
- Spondias mombin L.
- Platycerium angolense
- Kigelia africana
- Centella asiatica
- Depression, anxiety, and addiction
- Withania somnifera
- Boophone disticha
- Melissa officinalis
- Leptadenia arborea
- Vigna unguiculata
- Alchornea cordifolia
- Newbouldia laevis
- Ziziphus mucronata
- Albizia zygia
- Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet
- Parquetina nigrescens
- Tabernanthe iboga
- Withania somnifera
- The reproductive system
- Female infertility
- Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv.
- Milicia excelsa
- Phyllanthus muellerianus
- Kigelia africana
- Cyperus esculentus
- Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.)
- Allium ampeloprasum
- Ocimum basilicum L.
- Cyperus rotundus Linn
- Drymaria cordata
- Justicia insularis
- Xylopia aethiopica
- Gladiolus dalenii
- Male infertility
- Lannea acida
- Nigella sativa
- Petroselinum crispum
- Anthonotha macrophylla
- Sida rhombifolia
- Adiantum capillus-veneris
- Ocimum gratissimum
- Pedalium murex
- Pterorhachis zenkeri Harms
- Lepidium draba L.
- Ficus natalensis
- Hygrophila spinosa
- Allium atroviolaceum L.
- Cardiovascular system
- Aframomum pruinosum
- Cymbopogon Proximus
- Hygrophila auriculata L.
- Ocimum basilicum L.
- Ficus exasperata Vahl
- Canarium schweinfurthii
- Cola acuminata
- Galium verum
- Aspalathus linearis
- Caesalpinia benthamiana
- Adansonia digitata
- Vitex cienkowskii
- Fagara tessmannii
- Stephania abyssinica
- Rosa canina L.
- Terminalia superba
- Afrostyrax lepidophyllus and Monodora myristica
- Artemisia campestris L.
- Rumex vesicarius
- Withania somnifera
- Antiaris Africana
- Aspalathus linearis
- Tetrapleura tetraptera
- Garcinia lucida
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 21. Progress in the medicinal plants market and industry in Africa from 2013
- Introduction
- Current status and trend in medicinal plant resources in Africa
- Major threats to medicinal plant resources in Africa
- Overexploitation of medicinal plant resources in Africa
- Overcoming overexploitation of medicinal plants in Africa through cultivation and/or domestication
- Progress in trade and marketing of African medicinal plants
- Africa’s position in the global medicinal plant market
- Valuable commercial species from Africa
- Trends in trade and marketing of medicinal plants in Africa
- Thriving in phytopharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Africa
- Progress in the supply of medicinal plants in Africa
- Progress in local trade of medicinal plants in some selected African countries
- Benin (West Africa)
- Burkina Faso (West Africa)
- Madagascar (southeastern coast of Africa)
- Malawi (East Africa)
- Kenya (East Africa)
- South Africa (Southern Africa)
- Medicinal plant products industry and manufacturing: The progress since 2013
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Index
- Edition: 2
- Published: April 16, 2025
- No. of pages (eBook): 700
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9780443301704
- eBook ISBN: 9780443301711
VK
Victor Kuete
Professor Victor Kuete is a scholar scientist at the University of Dschang, Cameroon. He has been a fellow of The Third World Academy of Science (TWAS; University of Pretoria, South Africa) in 2007, the French-speaking Countries’ Organization (AUF; University of Marseille, France in 2008, The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD; University of Mainz-Germany) in 2009, the University of Mainz-Germany (in 2010), Alexander von Humboldt fellow (University of Mainz-Germany) from 2012-2014, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK; Eskisehir) in 2015. He has also been the grantee of The Alexander von Humboldt (2015-2018) and The International Foundation for Science (2008-2009; 2012-2013). His Research Program is focused on Pharmacognosy, and he mainly investigates African medicinal plants, phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants such as terpenoids, phenolics, and alkaloids as well as synthetics, as potential antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer agents. He has a Google Scholar Hirsch index (h-index) of 84 (more than 18,000 citations; 2024) and is the author of >500 Scientific publications including several books and book chapters related to Medicinal Chemistry. Prof. Victor Kuete is the Editor-In-Chief of Investigational Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Associate Editor of the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Section Editor of BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine; Associate Editor of Evidenced-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Editorial board member of Phytomedicine and several other journals. He has been recognized as the best Cameroon Scientist in 2022 and 2023 and is amongst the most renowned African Scientists by the AD Scientific Ranking for Scientists.