Mechanisms of Speech Recognition
International Series in Natural Philosophy
- 1st Edition - January 1, 1976
- Latest edition
- Author: W. A. Ainsworth
- Editor: D. Ter Haar
- Language: English
Mechanisms of Speech Recognition explores the mechanisms underlying speech recognition. Topics covered include the auditory system, speech production, auditory psychophysics,… Read more
Early spring sale
Nurture your knowledge
Grow your expertise with up to 25% off trusted resources.
Description
Description
Mechanisms of Speech Recognition explores the mechanisms underlying speech recognition. Topics covered include the auditory system, speech production, auditory psychophysics, speech synthesis and analysis, vowel and consonant recognition, and perception of prosodic features and of distorted speech. Automatic speech recognition and models of speech recognition are also given consideration. This volume consists of 11 chapters and begins with an overview of speech recognition, communication, and production. More specifically, it examines the way in which the organs of the vocal apparatus are employed to transform a message consisting of a string of linguistic units, such as words or phonemes, into a wave of continuous sounds which are recognized as speech. The auditory system and its parts are then described, from the ears to the organ of Corti and nerve cells. The chapters that follow focus on the behavior of the hearing system, the various techniques of analyzing speech sounds, and speech synthesizers such as vocoders. The mechanisms underlying the recognition of vowels and consonants are also described, along with the physical parameters of the speech wave which signal the prosody of an utterance, the effects of distortions in the speech wave on speech perception, and tools used in automatic speech recognition. The book concludes with an evaluation of models of speech recognition. This book will be of interest to phoneticians, linguists, physiologists, psychologists, and physicists.
Table of contents
Table of contents
Foreword
Chapter 1. Speech Production
Introduction
Speech Communication
Phonemes
Vocal Apparatus
Production of Vowels
Diphthongs
Nasals
Semivowels
Fricatives
Plosives
Affricates
Conclusions
Chapter 2. The Auditory System
Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Organ of Corti
Nerve Cells
Pathways in the Auditory System
Single unit Recording
Frequency Selectivity of the Cochlea
Units of the Lower Auditory System
Lateral Suppression
Multiple-Peak Stimuli
Units in the Auditory Cortex
Chapter 3. Auditory Psychophysics
Threshold of Hearing
Intensity Discrimination
Frequency Thresholds
Frequency Discrimination
Pitch
Loudness
Critical Bands
Perception of Duration
Fatigue
Masking
Pulsation Thresholds
Theories of Hearing
Chapter 4. Speech Analysis
Speech Waveforms
Spectrum Analysis
Sound Spectrograph
Vowel Sounds
Diphthongs
Semivowels
Nasals
Fricatives
Stop Consonants
Affricates
Co-Articulation
Distinctive Features
Contextual Constraints
Statistics of Spoken English
Chapter 5. Speech Synthesis
Historical
Vocoders
Pattern Playback
Formant Synthesizers
Control of Speech Synthesizers
Digital Synthesis
Linear Predictive Coding
Vocal Tract Synthesizers
Speech Synthesis by Rule
Transmission of Speech Signals
Chapter 6. Vowel Recognition
Dimensional Analysis
Formant Frequency Estimation
Formant Transitions
Vowel Duration
Vocal Tract Normalization
Reliability of Vowel Perception
Difference Limens for Vowels
Chapter 7. Consonant Recognition
Perception of Semivowels
Perception of Stop Consonants
Perception of Nasals
Perception of Fricatives
Categorical Perception
Consonant Confusions
Adaptation
Hemispheric Specialization
Bilateral Adaptation
Chapter 8. Perception of Prosodic Features
Perception of Fundamental Frequency
Perception of Duration
Stress
Rhythm and Tempo
Duration of Syllables
Intonation
Chapter 9. Perception of Distorted Speech
Frequency Distortions
Amplitude Distortions
Time Distortions
Masking of Speech
Effect of Context
Cocktail-Party Effect
Verbal Transformation Effect
Perception of Temporal Order
Chapter 10. Automatic Speech Recognition
Early Speech Recognizers
Other forms of Pre-processing
Some Problems
Analogue Feature Recognition System
Speaker-Independent Digit Recognition
Continuous Speech Recognition
Sources of Linguistic Knowledge
Hierarchical Systems
Top-Down Systems
Heterarchical Systems
Chapter 11. Models of Speech Perception
Short-Term Auditory Memory
Location of Speech Detector Mechanisms
Motor Theory of Speech Perception
Auditory Theory of Speech Perception
Models from Automatic Speech Recognition
Conclusions
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Other Titles in the Series
Product details
Product details
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: January 1, 1976
- Language: English
View book on ScienceDirect
View book on ScienceDirect
Read Mechanisms of Speech Recognition on ScienceDirect