Manson's Tropical Diseases

24th Edition - July 14, 2023
Editors: Jeremy Farrar, Peter J Hotez, Thomas Junghanss, Gagandeep Kang, David Lalloo, Nicholas J. White, Patricia J. Garcia
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 7 9 6 0 - 3
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 7 9 5 9 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 7 9 6 1 - 0

**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Infectious Disease**For 125 years, physicians have relied on Manson's Tropical Diseases for a comprehensive clinical overview of thi… Read more

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**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Infectious Disease**

For 125 years, physicians have relied on Manson's Tropical Diseases for a comprehensive clinical overview of this complex and fast-changing field. In the fully revised 24th Edition, Dr. Jeremy Farrar, along with an internationally recognized editorial team, global contributors, and expert authors, deliver the latest coverage on parasitic and infectious diseases from around the world. From the difficult to diagnose to the difficult to treat, this highly readable, award-winning reference prepares you to effectively handle whatever your patients may have contracted.

Cover Image
Acknowledgement
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Twenty-fourth Edition
Contributors
Section I 21st Century Drivers of Tropical Medicine
Chapter 1 History of Tropical Medicine, and Medicine in the Tropics
Introduction
The Medicine of Warm Climates
From Warm Climates to Tropical Medicine
The Laboratory and the Field
From World War to Cold War
An Unstable World
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Global Health
Evolving Concepts: From Global Health to Planetary Health
Trends in the Global Burden of Disease
Changing Perceptions of Risk: Health Security, Trust, and Global Communication
Global Health Security
Vaccine Hesitancy
World on the Move – Migrant Health
Trade and Health
Global Health Institutions and Development Aid for Health
Decolonizing Global Health
Health Systems – The Trajectory Towards Universal Health Coverage
Planetary Health
Sustainable Development Goals
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Poverty and Inequality
Diseases of the Tropics or of Poverty?
What Is Poverty?
Poverty and Policy
Poverty as a Reason for Neglect of Tropical Diseases
Implications for Policy
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Public Health in Settings of Conflict and Political Instability
Background
Epidemiology
Prevention
Management of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases
COVID-19 Pandemic
Challenges
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Climate Change and Health in the Tropics: Current Status and Future Trends
Introduction
Climate Change: An Introduction
Climate Change Mitigation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Medical Products Quality and Public Health
Epidemiology
Detection
Impact
Prevention
References
Chapter 7 The Economic Case for Devoting Public Resources to Health
Introduction
Classic Arguments for Spending on Public Health
Health in Traditional Macroeconomics
Microeconomic Evidence on How Better Health Benefits the Economy
Randomized Controlled Studies
How Better Health Benefits the Economy Overall
Economic Effects of Specific Diseases
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Addendum on the COVID-19 pandemic
References
Chapter 8 Global Health Governance and Tropical Diseases
Introduction
What Is ‘Global Health Governance’?
Colonial Roots of Tropical Medicine
Post World War II: The WHO
The Programme Pendulum: Vertical vs Horizontal Approaches
Rise of Public–Private Partnerships
International Health Emergencies and the International Community
Conclusion
References
Section II Health Research and Ethics
Chapter 9 Ethics and Tropical Diseases: Some Global Considerations
Introduction
Background
Key Considerations
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Section III Epidemiology
Chapter 10 Issues and Challenges of Public Health Research in Developing Countries
Background
Methods to Assess the Burden of Infectious Diseases
Evaluation of Interventions Against Infectious Disease
Good Clinical Practice and Ethical Issues
Use of Health Research Findings to Guide Health Policy Decisions
Summary
References
Section IV Clinical Assessment
Chapter 11 Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine in Resource-Poor Settings
Introduction
Initial Emergency Care
Access to ICU Care
Basic ICU Equipment and Supportive Facilities
Organizational Aspects
Patient Monitoring in Critical Illness
Infection Prevention in the ICU
Enteral Feeding
Blood Transfusion
Mobilization, Stress Ulcer PROPHYLAXIS, and Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis
Management of Sepsis in Resource-Limited Settings
Conclusions
References
Chapter 12 Ultrasound
Introduction
Ultrasound in Tropical Medicine
Training in Resource-Poor Settings
Performance Standards and Quality Assessment
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 13 Surgery in the Tropics
Introduction
Part I: Surgery in a Global Context
Part II: Surgical Diseases
Conclusion
References
Section V Viral Infections
Chapter 14 HIV Epidemiology in the Tropics
Global Overview
HIV in the Tropics
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Clinical Features and Management of HIV/AIDS in Adults
Introduction
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Diagnosis and Monitoring
Clinical Manifestations of HIV
Antiretroviral Therapy
Opportunistic Diseases
Mycobacterial and Bacterial Infections
Neoplasms
Parasitic Infections
Fungal Infections
Prevention of HIV-Related Diseases
Primary Chemoprophylaxis
Immunization
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 HIV in Children
Epidemiology and Prevention
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Follow-Up and Monitoring
Adolescents
References
Chapter 17 HIV/AIDS Prevention
Introduction
HIV Counselling and Testing
Currently Available Options
Oral PrEP
Long-Acting Injectable Antiretrovirals for HIV Prevention
Topical Microbicides
Multipurpose Prevention Technologies
Male and Female Condoms
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
Prevention With Key/Priority Populations
Preventive Vaccines
Behavioural Strategies
Sexually Transmitted Infection Interventions
Combination Preventions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Viral Hepatitis
Introduction
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Prognosis of Hbv Infection
Prevention of Hbv Infection
Hepatitis D (Delta) Virus
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Clinical Features
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
References
Chapter 19 Yellow Fever
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention and Control
References
Chapter 20 Arbovirus Infections
Introduction
Aetiology
Epidemiology
Transmission
Clinical Features in General
Diagnosis
Management
Immunization
Control
Medically Important Arboviruses
Alphaviruses (Family: Togaviridae, Genus: Alphavirus)
Equine Encephalitides
Flaviviruses (Family: Flaviviridae, Genus: Flavivirus)
Bunyaviruses (Family: Bunyaviridae, Genus: Bunyavirus)
Coltiviruses (Family: Reoviridae, Genus: Coltivirus)
Miscellaneous Arboviruses
References
Chapter 21 Dengue
Introduction
Epidemiology
The Virus
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Histopathology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Virological Diagnosis
Management
Special Situations
Prevention and Control
Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Chapter 22 Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers
Overview
Filovirus Diseases: Ebola and Marburg Haemorrhagic Fevers
Old World Arenavirus Diseases: Lassa Fever and Lujo Haemorrhagic Fever
New World Arenavirus Diseases: South American Haemorrhagic Fevers
Bunyavirus Diseases: Haemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Bunyavirus Diseases: Rift Valley Fever
Bunyavirus Diseases: Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 23 Rabies
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Pathology
Immunology
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Chapter 24 Rotavirus and Other Viral Diarrhoea
Introduction
Rotavirus
Norovirus
Sapovirus
Enteric Adenovirus
Astrovirus
Other Viruses
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 25 Respiratory Viruses and Atypical Bacteria
Introduction
Aetiology
Co-Infection
Clinical Syndromes
Epidemiology
Diagnoses
Treatment
Prevention
Summary
References
Chapter 26 Viral Exanthems
Introduction
RNA Viruses Causing Cutaneous Disease
DNA Viruses Causing Cutaneous Disease
References
Chapter 27 Virus Infections of the Nervous System
Summary
Introduction
Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2
Varicella Zoster Virus
Epstein–Barr Virus
Cytomegalovirus
Measles Virus
Nipah Virus
Mumps Virus
Enterovirus 71 and Other Non-polio Enteroviruses
Poliomyelitis
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy
Prion Diseases
References
Chapter 28 COVID-19
Introduction
Epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Diagnostic Approach and Choice of Tests
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
Antigen-Based Testing
Antibody-Based Testing
Management of COVID-19
Pharmacological Therapy for Acute Disease
Small Molecule Anti-Viral Agents
Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Drugs
Monoclonal Antibodies (and Antibody Cocktails) Targeting the Virus
Antithrombotic Therapy
Non-Pharmacological Management of Acute Disease
Primary Prevention and Control of COVID-19
Summary
References
Section VI Bacterial Infections
Chapter 29 Tropical Rickettsial Infections
Introduction
Scrub Typhus
Typhus Group
Rickettsial Spotted Fevers
Q Fever
Neorickettsia
Rickettsioses in Travel Medicine
References
Chapter 30 Sexually Transmitted Infections (Excluding HIV)
Introduction
Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Prevention and Control of STIs
History-Taking and Examination at the STI Clinic
Syndromic Management
Main STI Pathogens
Key Components of STI Control Programmes
Future Directions
References
Chapter 31 Bacterial Enteropathogens
Introduction
Helicobacter pylori
Escherichia coli
Campylobacter Jejuni
Yersinia enterocolitica
Clostridium spp.
Aeromonas and Plesiomonas
Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
Vibrio cholerae
Bacteroides fragilis
Laribacter hongkongensis
References
Chapter 32 Salmonella Infections
Bacteriology
Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers or Enteric Fever
Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Infections
References
Chapter 33 Pneumococcal Disease
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Chapter 34 Bacterial Meningitis
Neonatal Meningitis
Non-Neonatal Meningitis
Meningococcal Disease
References
Chapter 35 Brucellosis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Mode of Transmission
Microbiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis and Prevention
References
Chapter 36 Noma, Actinomycosis, and Nocardia
Noma
Actinomycosis
Nocardia
References
Chapter 37 Bartonellosis, Cat-scratch Disease, Trench Fever, Human Ehrlichiosis
Introduction
Bacteriology
Epidemiology of Bartonella Species
Pathogenicity of Bartonella Species
Infections by Bartonella Bacilliformis
Transmission of Bartonella bacilliformis
Transmission of Bartonella quintana
Transmission of Bartonella henselae
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Human Ehrlichiosis
References
Chapter 38 Anthrax
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
Bibliography
Chapter 39 Tetanus
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Chapter 40 Plague
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Case Classification
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Chapter 41 Melioidosis
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Clinical Presentations
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Chapter 42 Diphtheria
Bacteriology
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations of Acute Diphtheria
Toxic Complications
Diagnosis
Management
Infection Control
Prevention
References
Chapter 43 Spirochaetes Diseases of the Tropics
Endemic Treponematoses
Pinta (Mal De Pinto, Carate, Enfermedad Azul)
Yaws (Framboesia, Pian, Buba, Bouba)
Endemic Syphilis (Bejel, Njovera, Siti, Dichuchwa)
General Points
Lyme Disease (Lyme borreliosis)
Leptospirosis
References
Section VII Fungal Infections
Chapter 44 Superficial and Subcutaneous Mycoses
Introduction
Superficial Mycoses
Subcutaneous Mycoses
References
Chapter 45 Systemic Mycoses
Introduction
Endemic Mycoses
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Blastomycosis
Talaromycosis
Emergomycosis
Non-Endemic Mycoses
Cryptococcosis
Pneumocystosis
Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis
Aspergillosis
Mucormycosis
References
Section VIII Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 46 Tuberculosis
Epidemiology
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features of Tuberculosis
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Management and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Prevention
References
Chapter 47 Leprosy
Introduction
Epidemiology
Microbiology
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Laboratory
Treatment
Leprosy Reactions
Prevention of Disability and Management of Complications
Prognosis
Prevention
Elimination
References
Chapter 48 Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease (Buruli Ulcer)
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Section IX Protozoan Infections
Chapter 49 Malaria
Introduction
Life Cycle
Epidemiology
Pathology
Pathophysiology
Histopathology
Laboratory Diagnosis
Clinical Course and Management
Laboratory Findings
Antimalarial Drug Treatment
Treating Malaria
Practical Aspects of Management
Treatment of Recrudescent Infections
Malaria in Pregnancy
Malaria in Children
Malaria with Limited Resources
Prevention
Malaria Vaccine
Chronic Complications of Malaria
Malaria Control and Elimination
Bibliography
Chapter 50 Babesiosis
Introduction
Life Cycle
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Antibody Detection
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Chapter 51 Human African Trypanosomiasis
Biology of the Parasite and the Vector
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Determination of the Stage of the Disease
Differential Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Disease Prevention and Control
References
Chapter 52 American Trypanosomiasis: Chagas Disease
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Chapter 53 Leishmaniasis
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention and Control
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 54 Toxoplasmosis
Introduction
Parasitology and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Therapy
Prevention
References
Chapter 55 Intestinal Protozoa
Introduction
The Sarcodina (Amoebae)
The Mastigophora (Flagellates)
The Ciliophora
The Coccidia
The Microspora
References
Chapter 56 Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-Living Amoebae: Agents of Human and Animal Disease
Introduction
Acanthamoeba spp.
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Naegleria fowleri
Sappinia and Other Genera of Free-Living Amoebae
Diagnosis of Free-Living Amoebae
Management and Treatment of Free-Living Amoebae
Prevention of Infection with Free-Living Amoebae
References
Section X Helminthic Infections
Chapter 57 Schistosomiasis
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Life Cycle
Intermediate Hosts
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features (Table 57.2)
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Chapter 58 Food-borne Trematodes
Liver Flukes
Intestinal Flukes
Other Intestinal Fluke Infections
Lung Flukes
References
Chapter 59 The Filariases
Introduction
Lymphatic Filariasis
Onchocerciasis
Other Filarial Infections
Zoonotic Filarial Infections
Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm)
References
Chapter 60 Soil-Transmitted Helminths (Geohelminths)
Introduction
Type 1: Direct (Enterobius vermicularis)
Type 2: Modified Direct (Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara spp.)
Type 3: Penetration of the Skin (Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus)
Clinical Pharmacology of Anthelmintic Drugs
Population-Based Approaches to STH Control
Other Nematodes Orally Acquired
Epidemiology and Control
References
Chapter 61 Cystic, Alveolar and Neotropical Echinococcosis
Introduction
Cystic Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus)
Alveolar Echinococcosis (Echinococcus multilocularis)
References
Chapter 62 Other Cestode Infections: Intestinal Cestodes, Cysticercosis, Other Larval Cestode Infections
Introduction
Cysticercosis
Other Larval Cestode Infections
Intestinal Cestodes: the Tapeworms of Humans
Zoonotic Tapeworms
References
Section XI Ectoparasites
Chapter 63 Scabies
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
Key References
Bibliography
Chapter 64 Human Lice, Bed Bugs, Sand Fleas, Myiasis, and Leeches
Human Lice
Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis)
Body Louse (Pediculus humanus humanus)
Pubic Louse (Pthirus pubis)
Bed Bugs
Sand Fleas
Myiasis
Leeches
References
Section XII Non-Communicable Diseases in the Tropics
Chapter 65 Non-Communicable Diseases: Equity, Action, and Targets
Introduction
How Can We Quantify Morbidity and Mortality to Inform Decision-Making?
Systemic Issues: The Causes of the Causes
Universal Health Coverage, Primary Healthcare, and NCDs: Merging the Agendas
Where Is All the Money Going?
What Comes Next: Priority Setting for the Present and Future
Conclusion
References
Chapter 66 Cardiovascular and Vascular Disease in the Tropics Including Ischaemic Heart Disease, Stroke, and Hypertension
Introduction
Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Modifiable Risk Factors
Physiological Risk Factors
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
Environmental Risk Factors
Social Risk Factors
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Interactive Nature of Risk Factors
Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Main CVD in the Tropics (3955)
Prevention
References
Chapter 67 Diabetes in the Tropics
Introduction
Type 1 Diabetes – Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
Type 2 Diabetes – Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Complications of Diabetes in the Tropics
Cost and Socioeconomic Burden of Diabetes in the Tropics
Management Challenges Unique to the Tropics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 68 Cancer in the Tropics
Introduction
Routine Sources and Measures of the Global Cancer Burden
Measuring the Cancer Burden Worldwide – Methods of Estimation
The Global Cancer Burden in 2020 by Level of Human Development
Cancer in Transition: Recent Incidence Trends by Level of Human Development
The Global Cancer Incidence Burden in 2040: Demographic and Trends-Based Predictions
Cancer Causes and Control
Management of Cancer
Universal Health Coverage
COVID-19 Pandemic
References
Chapter 69 Haematological Diseases in the Tropics
Introduction
Abnormal Blood Counts
Eosinophilia
Anaemia in Developing Countries
Anaemia Due to Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Sickle Cell Disease
Thalassaemia
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency
Haematological Complications of Malaria (see Chapter 49)
Haematological Complications of HIV Infection (see Chapter 15)
Abnormalities of Coagulation
Haematological Malignancies in the Tropics
Blood Transfusion
References
Chapter 70 Renal Disease in the Tropics
Introduction
Filarial Nephropathy
Malarial Nephropathy
Leishmanial Nephropathy
Schistosomal Nephropathy
Leptospiral Nephropathy
Scrub Typhus and Kidney Disease
Melioidosis and Kidney Disease
Mycobacterial Diseases and the Kidney
Viral Nephropathies
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection-Related Kidney Diseases
Diarrhoeal Diseases and the Kidney
Animal Envenomation and Kidney Disease
Snake Bite and Kidney Disease
Scorpion Sting Nephropathy
Fish Gallbladder Ingestion and Icthyotoxic AKI
Tropical Fruits and Oxalate Nephropathy
Semecarpus anacardium (Marking-Nut Tree) and Kidney Disease
Cleistanthus Collinus (Oduvanthalai) Poisoning and Kidney Disease
Hair Dye Poisoning and Kidney Disease
Copper Sulphate Poisoning and Kidney Disease
Environment and Occupation-Related Kidney Disease
Particulate Matter (PM) and Kidney Disease
Heat Stress and Kidney Disease
Mesoamerican Nephropathy
Heavy Metals and other Occupational Causes of Kidney Disease
References
Chapter 71 Ophthalmology in the Tropics and Sub-tropics
World Blindness
Examination of the Eyes
Acute Ophthalmology
Non-infectious Ophthalmic Disease
Infectious Ophthalmic Disease
Paediatric Ophthalmic Disease
Essential Eye Drugs
Acknowledgements
Further Reading
References
Chapter 72 Dermatological Problems in the Tropics
Introduction
Skin Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Skin Diseases Caused by Parasites
Skin Diseases Caused by Ectoparasites and Bites
Skin Diseases Caused by Fungi (ChapterS 44 and 45)
Sporotrichosis
Diseases Caused by Viruses
Non-infectious Skin Problems in the Tropics
Skin Malignancies
Urticaria
Other Non-infective Dermatoses Mainly Limited to the Tropics
References
Chapter 73 Musculoskeletal Disorders
Infectious Diseases
Metabolic Bone Diseases
Haemoglobinopathy-Associated Bone Disease
Soft Tissue Rheumatism and Osteoarthritis in the Tropics
Challenges in Managing Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Diseases in the Tropics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 74 Respiratory Problems in the Tropics
Clinical Assessment in Children
Clinical Assessment in Adults
Pulmonary Investigations in Children and Adults
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children and Adults
HIV Infection and Pulmonary Presentations in Children and Adults
Asthma and Allergy in Children and Adults
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy)
Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma
Biomass Fuel Use and Respiratory Health
Tobacco and Health
Occupational Lung Diseases
Pulmonary Problems in Parasitic Diseases and Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia
Pleural Diseases – Pneumothorax, Effusion, and Empyema
Vascular Diseases – Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Interstitial Lung Disease in Adults and Children
References
Chapter 75 Tropical Neurology
Introduction
Specific Bacterial Diseases
Protozoal Diseases
Spirochaetal Diseases
Viruses
Fungal Infections
Helminthic Infections
Nutritional and Toxic Factors
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 76 Psychiatry
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Culture, Mental Health, and Disorder
General Principles of Assessment
General Principles of Management
Prevention
Individual Mental Disorders
Depression, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms
Conclusions
References
Chapter 77 Oral Disease in the Tropics
Introduction
Dental Caries
Periodontal Disease
Oral Cancer
Erythroplakia (Erythroplasia)
Leukoplakia
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Smokeless Tobacco
Areca Nut
Naswar
Hookah
Coca Chewing
Dental Mutilation
Facial Injury (Maxillofacial Trauma)
Endemic Fluorosis
Infections
Odontogenic Infections
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Gangrenous Stomatitis (Cancrum Oris; Noma)
Syphilis (Venereal Treponematosis)
Gonorrhoea
Actinomycosis
Tuberculosis
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Viral Infections
Fungal Infections
References
Section XIII Environmental Disorders
Chapter 78 Environmental Stress
Heat Illness
Climate Change and the Future of Heat-Related Illness
Accidental Hypothermia and Local Cold Injuries
Drowning and Tsunamis
Altitude Illness in Pilgrims
References
Chapter 79 Venomous and Poisonous Animals
Introduction
Poisoning by Ingestion of Marine Animals
References
Chapter 80 Plant Poisons, Hallucinogens, and Traditional Medicines
Frequency of Exposure
Classification
Names of Plants or Their Chief Constituents
Syndromic Effects
Alcohol
Argemone Mexicana and Epidemic Dropsy
Colchicine in Plants
Cyanogenic Glycosides in Plants
Ergot
Grayanotoxins in Plants
Allergic Reactions to Plants
Cardiotoxic Glycosides in Plants
Gastroenteritis Due to Compounds in Plants
Haemotoxicity due to Compounds in Plants
Hepatotoxicity due to Compounds in Plants
Nephrotoxicity Due to Compounds in Plants
Neurotoxicity Due to Compounds in Plants
Parasympathetic Nervous System Effects Due to Compounds in Plants
Psychotropic Drugs in Plants
Treatment of Poisoning
Drug Interactions With Compounds in Plants
Adulteration of Herbal Products
Bibliography
References
Section XIV Nutrition
Chapter 81 Nutrition-Associated Disease
Introduction
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Malnutrition in Adults
Micronutrient Deficiency Disorders
Special Groups
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 82 Obesity in the Tropics
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Prevention
References
Section XV Maternal/Child Health
Chapter 83 Obstetrics in the Tropics
Geography of Obstetrics in the Tropics
Organization of Maternity Care in Developing Countries
Obstetric Problems, Which Are More Common in the Tropics Than in Developed Countries, and Are Often Associated With Worse Outcomes
Obstetrics and Tropical Diseases
Cholera
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Conclusion
References
Chapter 84 Paediatrics in the Tropics
Introduction
Global Burden and Trends
Causes of Child Death
Social Determinants of Health
Evidence-Based Solutions
Nurturing Care Framework
Health Interventions in the ‘Under-Five’
Interventions in School Age Children and Adolescent Including Non-Communicable Disease Actions
Delivery Strategies
Emerging Challenges in Child Health
Conclusion
References
Appendix 1 Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis
Health and Safety
Laboratory Quality Management Systems
Using the Laboratory
Staining Methods for Intestinal Protozoa
Isolation of Suspected Shigella
Salmonella
Laboratory Investigation for Blood and Tissue Parasites
Examination of Sputum
Microbiological Examination of Other Specimens for Presence of Bacteria
Procedure for Isolation and Identification of B. anthracis and Confirmation of Diagnosis (Figure A1.34)
Genotypic Assays
Phenotypic Assays
Genomic Testing in the Laboratory
Bibliography
Appendix 2 Parasitic Protozoa
Introduction and Classification
References
Appendix 3 Medical Helminthology
Introduction
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Trematoda
Class Cestoda
Phylum Nematoda
References
Appendix 4 Medical Acarology and Entomology
Introduction
Class: Arachnida
Class Maxillopoda (Subphylum Crustacea)
Class Insecta
References
Appendix 5 Sources of Information in Tropical Medicine
Introduction: Why Information Is Important
What Information Is Needed and What Are the Challenges in Access?
How to Determine if Information Is Reliable
Where to Find Information
Conclusion
Index

Jeremy Farrar

Jeremy Farrar, FRCP, FMedAcSci, DPhil, OBE Wellcome Trust (From 5 May 2023 Chief Scientist World Health Organization)

Peter J Hotez

Affiliations and expertise

Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine, Professor, Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine; Endowed Chair of Tropical Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas

Thomas Junghanss

Thomas Junghanss, MD, MScPHDC (Lon) Internal Medicine, subspecialties Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Professor (apl) Section Clinical Tropical Medicine University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany

Affiliations and expertise

Internal Medicine, subspecialties Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Professor (apl) Section Clinical Tropical Medicine University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany

Gagandeep Kang

Gagandeep Kang - From 1 May 2023, Director-EDGE, Global Health, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India

David Lalloo

David Lalloo, MBBS, MD, FRCP, FFTM, RCPS(Glasg) Director and Professor of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK

Affiliations and expertise

Director and Professor of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK

Nicholas J. White

Nicholas J. White, OBE, MD, DSc, FRCP, F Med Sci, FRS Professor of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Patricia J. Garcia

Patricia J. Garcia, MD, MPH, PhD Professor, School of Public Health, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru Adjunct Professor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, School of Public Health, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru Adjunct Professor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Life sciences

Physical sciences & Engineering

Social sciences & Humanities

Health

Manson's Tropical Diseases

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Jeremy Farrar

Peter J Hotez

Thomas Junghanss

Gagandeep Kang

David Lalloo

Nicholas J. White

Patricia J. Garcia