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Lessons in Immunity

From Single-cell Organisms to Mammals

1st Edition - April 7, 2016

Editors: Loriano Ballarin, Matteo Cammarata

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 2 5 2 - 7

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 2 5 3 - 4

Lessons in Immunity: From Single-cell Organisms to Mammals stems from the activity of the Italian Association of Developmental and Comparative Immunobiology (IADCI), represented… Read more

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Lessons in Immunity: From Single-cell Organisms to Mammals stems from the activity of the Italian Association of Developmental and Comparative Immunobiology (IADCI), represented by the editors. This book is presented as a series of short overviews that report on the current state of various relevant fields of immunobiology from an evolutionary perspective. The overviews are written by authors directly involved in the research, and most are members of the IADCI or have otherwise been involved in the related research for their respective overview. This publication offers scientists and teachers an easy and updated reference tool.

List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Ciliate Pheromones: Primordial Self-/Nonself-Recognition Signals
- Introduction
- Pheromone Identification
- Pheromone Structures
- Pheromone Activity
- Pheromone Structure–Function Relationships with Other Signaling Proteins
- Conclusions
Chapter 2. Cell Death Pathways in an Unconventional Invertebrate Model
- Introduction
- Signaling Pathways in Apoptotic Cell Death of the IPLB-LdFB Insect Cell Line
- Autophagy-Mediated Cell Death in IPLB-LdFB
- Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3. Immunotoxicology Approaches in Ecotoxicology: Lessons From Mollusks
- Mollusk Hemocytes: Types and Functions
- Interaction Between Hemocytes and Toxicants: The Immunomarker Approach
- Mollusk Immunomarkers: The Role of Confounding Factors
Chapter 4. New Aspects of Earthworm Innate Immunity: Novel Molecules and Old Proteins With Unexpected Functions
- Essentials of Earthworm Immunity: A Concise Introduction
- “Stars and Stripes” or Pattern Recognition in Earthworms
- Lysenin: A Multitasking Protein in Eisenia Earthworms
- Lysenin Meets Nanoparticles: Unexpected Rise of a New Function
- Conclusions and Perspectives
Chapter 5. Neuroprotection and Immunity in the Medicinal Leech Hirudo medicinalis: What About Microglia?
- The Medicinal Leech Central Nervous System
- Microglia as Brain Immune Cells
- Immune Response Against Pathogens
- Microglia Recruitment
- Neuroinflammatory Markers
- Toward Nerve Repair: Microglia/Neurons Crosstalk into the Spotlight
- Conclusions
Chapter 6. Specificity of Innate Immunity in Bivalves: A Lesson From Bacteria
- Innate Immunity in Bivalves: Diversity and Complexity
- Bivalves and Marine Bacteria
- Immune Recognition
- Immune Signaling
- Immune Effectors
- Specificity of the Immune Response to Pathogenic Vibrios: Role of Surface Interactions and Serum-Soluble Components
- Conclusions
Chapter 7. Immune-Related Signaling in Mussel and Bivalves
- Premise
- Multiple Layers of Biological Signaling
- Immune Signaling and Related Cell Processes
- How Small RNAs Can Influence the Immune Host Response
- Perspectives
Chapter 8. Crustacean Immunity: The Modulation of Stress Responses
- Sources of Stress
- Indicators of Stress
- Stress Responses Mediated by Neuropeptides
- Upstream Modulators Triggering CHHs
- The Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone Neuropeptides
- Perspectives
Chapter 9. How Insects Combat Infections
- Characteristics of Insect Immune Response
- Interaction Between Insect Host and Pathogen
Chapter 10. Aedes aegypti Immune Responses to Dengue Virus
- Introduction
- Transmission to Human Hosts: Vectors
- Dengue Virus in the Vector: Innate Immune Responses
- Mitigating Dengue: Control Measures
- Conclusion
Chapter 11. Protective Responses in Invertebrates
- Background
- Mediators of Immune Responses
- Degree of Intercellular Reactive Oxygen Species Levels and Immune Responses
- Prophenol Oxidase System Activation
- Cellular Responses
- Emerging Concepts About New Players Involved in Protective Responses
Chapter 12. Echinoderm Antimicrobial Peptides: The Ancient Arms of the Deuterostome Innate Immune System
- Introduction
- Echinoderm Immunity
- Antimicrobial Peptides
- Mode of Action
- Antimicrobial Peptides in Echinoderms
- Antimicrobial Biofilm Peptides in Echinoderms
- Conclusion
Chapter 13. Inflammatory Response of the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis
- Introduction
- Self/Nonself Recognition
- Inflammatory Responses
- The Pharynx is Promptly Involved in the Inflammatory Reaction
- Conclusions
Chapter 14. Cytotoxic Cells of Compound Ascidians
- Introduction
- Ascidian Circulation
- Hemocytes of Compound Ascidians
- Cytotoxic Cells
- Cytotoxicity
- Phenoloxidase
- Allorecognition and Inflammation
- Immunorecognition and Immunomodulation
- Future Perspectives: New Roles for Old Cells
Chapter 15. Fish Transcriptomics
- Introduction
- Transcriptomics Analysis of Fish Leukocytes
- Conclusion
Chapter 16. Developmental Biology of Teleost Lymphocytes
- Introduction
- T Cell Development
- B Cell Development
- Perspectives
Chapter 17. Cathelicidins: An Ancient Family of Fish Antimicrobial Peptides
- The Presence of Cathelicidin in Bony Fish Genomes
- Structure of Cathelicidin Gene and Transcripts
- Conclusions
Chapter 18. Evolution and Immune Function of Fish Lectins
- Introduction
- Fish Lectins
- The Lectin Repertoires in Fish: Genomic, Structural, and Functional Diversity
- Rhamnose-Binding Lectins
- Rhamnose-Binding Lectins in Fish: Biochemical and Molecular Features
- Rhamnose-Binding Lectin—Molecular Structure, Phylogeny, and Evolution
- Fucose-Binding Lectins
- Fish FTLs: Biochemical and Molecular Features
- F-Type Lectins—Phylogeny and Evolution
- Galectin Structure and Evolution
- C-Type Lectins
- Mannose-Binding Lectins in Fish
- Mannose-Binding Lectin Phylogeny and Evolution
Chapter 19. Teleost Immunoglobulins
- Introduction
- Teleost IgM
- Teleost IgD
- Teleost IgT
- Teleost IgL Chain
- Conclusions
Chapter 20. Immunity and Wound Healing: Regeneration or Repair?
- Introduction
- Injury-Induced Inflammation and Its Regulation During Tissue Repair in Diverse Model Organisms
- Inflammation is Not All Bad for Repair
- The Relationship Between Immune System Development and Regenerative Capacity
- Role of Lymphocytes in Repair Mechanisms
- Conclusion
Chapter 21. Marine Mammal Immunity Toward Environmental Challenges
- Adaptation of Mammals to the Marine Environment
- Marine Mammals, Sentinels for the Health of the Ecosystem
- Immunotoxic Effects of Environmental Challenges
- Molecular Effects of Environmental Changes on Marine Mammal Immunity
Index