Learning Radiology

Recognizing the Basics

5th Edition - February 13, 2023
Author: William Herring
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 8 1 7 - 3

Dr. William Herring’s Learning Radiology: Recognizing the Basics, 5th Edition, remains the leading introductory radiology text for medical students and others who are required to… Read more

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Dr. William Herring’s Learning Radiology: Recognizing the Basics, 5th Edition, remains the leading introductory radiology text for medical students and others who are required to read and interpret common radiologic images. Using an easy-to-follow pattern recognition approach, this clearly written, highly illustrated text teaches how to differentiate normal and abnormal images of all modalities. From the basics of patient safety, dose reduction, and radiation protection to the latest information on ultrasound, MRI, and CT, it provides a complete, up-to-date introduction to radiology needed by today’s students.

Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Recognizing Anything: Past, Present, and Future
Past: the Discovery
Present: Today’s Imaging Modalities
Future: Artificial Intelligence
Conventions Used in this Book
2. Recognizing Normal Pulmonary Anatomy
The Normal Frontal Chest Radiograph
The Normal Lateral Chest Radiograph (FIG. 2.5)
Normal CT Anatomy of the Chest
Normal CT Anatomy of the Lungs
3. Recognizing Normal Cardiac Anatomy
Evaluating the Heart on Chest Radiographs
General Principles
Evaluating the Heart on Cardiac CT
Uses of Cardiac CT
Cardiac MRI
4. Recognizing Airspace Versus Interstitial Lung Disease
Classifying Parenchymal Lung Disease
Characteristics of Airspace Disease
Some Causes of Airspace Disease
Characteristics of Interstitial Lung Disease
Some Causes of Interstitial Lung Disease
5. Recognizing the Causes of an Opacified Hemithorax
Atelectasis of the Entire Lung
Massive Pleural Effusion
Pneumonia of an Entire Lung
Postpneumonectomy
6. Recognizing Atelectasis
What is Atelectasis?
Types of Atelectasis
How Atelectasis Resolves
7. Recognizing a Pleural Effusion
Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space
Modalities for Detecting Pleural Effusions
Causes of Pleural Effusions (TABLE 7.1)
Types of Pleural Effusions
Side-Specificity of Pleural Effusions
Recognizing the Different Appearances of Pleural Effusions
8. Recognizing Pneumonia
General Considerations
General Characteristics of Pneumonia
Patterns of Pneumonia
Localizing Pneumonia
How Pneumonia Resolves
9. Recognizing the Correct Placement of Lines and Tubes and Their Potential Complications: Critical Care Radiology
Endotracheal and Tracheostomy Tubes
Intravascular Catheters
Pleural Drainage Tubes
Cardiac Devices
Gastrointestinal Tubes
10. Recognizing Other Diseases of the Chest
Mediastinal Masses
Anterior Mediastinal Masses
Middle Mediastinal Masses
Posterior Mediastinal Masses
Solitary Nodule/Mass in the Lung
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Metastatic Neoplasms in the Lung
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease (PE)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Bullae, Cysts, and Cavities
Bronchiectasis
11. Recognizing Adult Heart Disease
Recognizing an Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette
Recognizing Common Cardiac Diseases
12. Recognizing the Normal Abdomen and Pelvis: Conventional Radiographs
What to Look for
Acute Abdominal Series
Extraluminal air
Calcifications
Recognizing Organomegaly
13. Recognizing the Normal Abdomen and Pelvis: Computed Tomography
Introduction To abdominal and Pelvic CT
Intravenous Contrast in CT Scanning
Oral Contrast in CT Scanning
Abdominal CT: General Considerations
Abdominal CT: by Organ
14. Recognizing Bowel Obstruction and Ileus
Abnormal Gas Patterns
Laws of the Gut
Functional Ileus: Localized
Functional Ileus: Generalized
Mechanical Obstruction: Small Bowel
Mechanical Obstruction: Large Bowel
Volvulus of the Colon
Colonic Pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome)
15. Recognizing Extraluminal Air in the Abdomen
Free Intraperitoneal air
Extraperitoneal air (Retroperitoneal air)
Air in the Bowel Wall
Air in the Biliary System
16. Recognizing Abnormal Calcifications and Their Causes
Patterns of Calcification
Location of Calcification
17. Recognizing Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, and Urinary Tract Abnormalities
Barium Studies of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Esophagus
Stomach and Duodenum
Small and Large Bowel
Large Bowel
Pancreas
Hepatobiliary Abnormalities
Biliary System
Urinary Tract
Pelvis
Urinary Bladder
Adenopathy
18. Ultrasonography: Understanding the Principles and Its Uses in Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging
How it Works
Frequency and Resolution
Types of Ultrasound
Adverse Effects or Safety Issues
Medical Uses of Ultrasonography
Female Pelvic Organs
Pregnancy
Abdominal Hernias
Appendicitis
Ascites
Musculoskeletal System
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
19. Vascular, Pediatric, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Vascular Ultrasound
Arterial Stenosis
Pseudoaneurysm
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Pediatrics
Point-of-Care Ultrasound
20. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Understanding the Principles and Recognizing the Basics
How MRI Works
Hardware that Makes up an MRI Scanner
What Happens Once Scanning Begins
How to Identify A T1-Weighted or T2-Weighted Image
MRI Contrast
MRI Safety Issues
Diagnostic Applications of MRI
21. Recognizing Nontraumatic Abnormalities of the Appendicular Skeleton and Arthritis
Conventional Radiography, CT, and MRI in Bone Imaging
Normal Bone and Joint Anatomy
Diseases that Affect Bone Density
Diseases that Increase Bone Density
Diseases that Decrease Bone Density
Diseases of the Joints: an Approach to Arthritis
22. Recognizing Nontraumatic Abnormalities of the Spine
The Normal Spine (FIG. 22.1)
Normal MRI Appearance of the Spine
Back Pain
23. Recognizing Trauma to the Bony Skeleton
Recognizing an Acute Fracture
Recognizing Dislocations and Subluxations
Describing Fractures
Avulsion Fractures
Salter-Harris Fractures: Growth Plate Fractures in Children
Child Abuse
Stress Fractures
Common Fracture Eponyms
Some Subtle Fractures or Dislocations
Fracture Healing
Spinal Trauma
Pathologic Fractures
24. Recognizing the Imaging Findings of Trauma to the Chest
Chest Wall Trauma
Pleural Abnormalities: Pneumothorax
Traumatic Parenchymal Abnormalities
Aortic Trauma
25. Recognizing the Imaging Findings of Trauma to the Abdomen and Pelvis
Abdominal Trauma
Liver
Spleen
Kidneys
CT Hypoperfusion Complex/Shock Bowel
Pelvic Trauma
Less Common Abdominal Injuries
26. Recognizing Some Common Causes of Intracranial Pathology
Normal Anatomy (Fig. 26.1)
Mri and the Brain
Head Trauma
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Stroke
Ruptured Aneurysms
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral Atrophy
Brain Tumors
Other Diseases
Terminology
27. Recognizing Pediatric Diseases
Diseases Discussed in this Chapter
Newborn Respiratory Distress
Childhood Lung Disease
Soft Tissues of the Neck
Ingested Foreign Bodies
Other Diseases
Salter-Harris Fractures—Growth Plate Fractures
Child Abuse
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
Esophageal Atresia with/Without Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula (TEF)
28. Using Image-Guided Interventions in Diagnosis and Treatment (Interventional Radiology)
Arterial Access and Arteriography
Central Venous Access: Image-Guided Venous Access
Pulmonary Embolism: Thrombolysis
Pulmonary Embolism: Inferior Vena Caval (IVC) Filter Placement
Image-Guided Biopsy: General Principles
Pulmonary Nodule: Image-Guided Biopsy
Hepatic/Renal/Pulmonary Tumors: Thermal Ablation
Portal Hypertension: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (Tips)
Abscess: Percutaneous Abscess Aspiration and Drain Placement
Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding: Arteriography and Embolization
Obstructive Uropathy: Percutaneous Nephrostomy (PCN)/ Nephroureterostomy (PCNU)
Aortic Aneurysm: Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)
Uterine Fibroids: Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)
Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mechanical Thrombectomy
29. Recognizing the Findings in Breast Imaging
Breast Imaging Modalities: Overview
Mammography: Screening Versus Diagnostic
Fundamental Mammography Findings
Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Management of Breast Abnormalities
Special Considerations
e-Appendix A. Nuclear Medicine: Understanding the Principles and Recognizing the Basics
e-Appendix B. The ABCs of Heart Disease
e-Appendix C. Radiation Dose and Safety
e-Appendix D. Key Terminology and Glossaries
e-Appendix E. Early History and Public Exuberance of the Discovery of X-rays
e-Appendix F. Diagnostic Radiology Signs
e-Appendix G. Artificial Intelligence and Radiology
e-Appendix H. What to Order When
Bibliography
Index