Iron Ore

Mineralogy, Processing and Environmental Sustainability

2nd Edition - December 2, 2021
Editor: Liming Lu
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 2 2 6 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 2 2 7 - 2

Iron Ore: Mineralogy, Processing and Environmental Sustainability, Second Edition covers all aspects surrounding the second most important commodity behind oil. As an essential… Read more

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Iron Ore: Mineralogy, Processing and Environmental Sustainability, Second Edition covers all aspects surrounding the second most important commodity behind oil. As an essential input for the production of crude steel, iron ore feeds the world's largest trillion-dollar-a-year metal market and is the backbone of the global infrastructure. The book explores new ore types and the development of more efficient processes/technologies to minimize environmental footprints. This new edition includes all new case studies and technologies, along with new chapters on the chemical analysis of iron ore, thermal and dry beneficiation of iron ore, and discussions of alternative iron making technologies.

In addition, information on recycling solid wastes and P-bearing slag generated in steel mills, sustainable mining, and low emission iron making technologies from regional perspectives, particularly Europe and Japan, are included. This work will be a valuable resource for anyone involved in the iron ore industry.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
Preface to the second edition
Biography
Chapter 1 Introduction: Overview of the global iron ore industry
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Iron ore mining operations by country
1.3 Innovative technologies adopted by iron ore producers
1.4 Challenges facing iron ore industry
References
Part One Characterization and analysis of iron ore
Chapter 2 Mineralogical, chemical, and physical metallurgical characteristics of iron ore
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mineralogy
2.3 Chemical composition
2.4 Physical properties
2.5 Future trends
References
Chapter 3 Quantitative XRD analysis and evaluation of iron ore, sinter, and pellets
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 XRD mineral quantification
3.3 Principal minerals of natural and sintered iron ores
3.4 Quantitative XRD analysis of iron ore
3.5 Quantitative XRD analysis of iron ore sinter and pellets
3.6 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Automated optical image analysis of natural and sintered iron ore
Abstract
4.1 Introduction—overview of optical image analysis technique
4.2 Mineralogical characteristics of iron ore and sinter
4.3 Automated optical image analysis
4.4 Application of automated OIA to natural and sintered iron ore
References
Chapter 5 Quantitative analysis of iron ore using SEM-based technologies
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Principles of SEM-based technologies
5.3 Application of automated SEM-based technologies to ore characterization
5.4 Characterization of natural and sintered iron ore using QEMSCAN
5.5 Summary
5.6 Future trends
References
Chapter 6 Characterization of iron ore by visible and infrared reflectance and Raman spectroscopies
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Principles, instrumentations, and applications of reflectance spectroscopy
6.3 Principles, instrumentations, and applications of Raman spectroscopy
6.4 Future trends
References
Part Two Extraction, comminution, classification, and beneficiation of iron ore
Chapter 7 Iron ore extraction techniques
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Iron ore mining—an historical UK context
7.3 Underground iron ore mining: Kiruna, Sweden
7.4 Modern-day surface mining: the Pilbara deposit
7.5 Modern day surface mining: iron ore in Minas Gerais Province, Brazil
7.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Comminution and classification technologies of iron ore
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Iron ore crushing and screening
8.3 Iron ore grinding and classification
8.4 Future trends in iron ore comminution and classification
References
Chapter 9 Physical separation of iron ore: magnetic separation
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principle of magnetic separation
9.3 Magnetic separators
9.4 Typical flow sheets for upgrading low-grade iron ores
9.5 Challenges and recent advances in upgrading low-grade iron ores using magnetic separation
9.6 Summary
References
Chapter 10 Non-magnetic physical separation of hematitic/goethitic iron ore
Abstract
10.1 Physical processing for enhancing chemical properties
10.2 Dense medium separation
10.3 Jigging
10.4 Upflow classification
10.5 Spiraling
10.6 Dry physical separation technologies aimed at enhancing chemical properties
References
Chapter 11 Physiochemical separation of iron ore
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Mineral properties
11.3 Iron ore flotation
11.4 Key challenges and future directions
References
Chapter 12 Chemical separation of iron ore
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Phosphorus removal from iron ores
12.3 Removal of silicon, aluminum, and sulfur minerals
12.4 Summary and future trends
References
Chapter 13 Thermal beneficiation of refractory iron ore
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Magnetizing roasting and magnetic separation process
13.3 Deep reduction and magnetic separation process
13.4 Summary
References
Chapter 14 Application of biotechnology in iron ore beneficiation
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Microbial adhesion to mineral surfaces
14.3 Bioleaching for phosphorus removal from iron ores
14.4 Biobeneficiation of sulfide ores
14.5 Biobeneficiation of iron ore
14.6 Future trends
Acknowledgments
References
Part Three Iron ore agglomeration and ironmaking technologies
Chapter 15 Iron ore sintering
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Effect of iron ore characteristics on sintering
15.3 Evaluation of iron ore for the sintering process
15.4 Recent developments in iron ore sintering
15.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16 Iron ore pelletization
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Specification requirements of pellet feed
16.3 Green ball formation and properties
16.4 Induration of green pellets
16.5 Quality requirements for fired pellets
16.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17 Blast furnace ironmaking and its ferrous burden quality requirements
Abstract
17.1 Introduction to ironmaking technologies
17.2 Blast furnace ironmaking fundamentals—zones and reactions in the blast furnace
17.3 Quality requirements
17.4 Physical testing of blast furnace Fe-bearing materials
17.5 Summary
References
Chapter 18 Alternative ironmaking processes and their ferrous burden quality requirements
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Direct reduction
18.3 Smelting reduction
18.4 Summary
References
Part Four Environmental sustainability and low emission technologies
Chapter 19 Sintering emissions and mitigation technologies
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 COX emissions and their mitigation
19.3 SOX emissions and their mitigation
19.4 NOX emissions and their mitigation
19.5 Dioxin emissions and their mitigation
19.6 Dust emissions and their reduction
19.7 Utilization of biomass materials in iron ore sintering
19.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20 Utilization of biomass as an alternative fuel in iron and steel making
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Potentials of biomass utilization in iron and steel industry
20.3 Biomass in steelmaking
20.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 21 Life cycle assessment of iron ore mining and processing
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Iron ore mining and processing
21.3 Loading and haulage
21.4 Application of LCA to iron ore mining and processing
21.5 Using LCA to reduce energy and greenhouse gas impacts
21.6 Conclusions
21.7 Sources of further information and advice
References
Chapter 22 Iron ore in Australia and the world: Resources, production, sustainability, and future prospects
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Perspectives on global and Australian iron ore resources
22.3 Trends in iron ore and steel production
22.4 Environmental and socioeconomic benefits, threats, and opportunities
22.5 Future technological drivers and their implication to world iron ore trade
22.6 Iron ore and steel substance flows and sustainability issues
22.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 23 Low carbon ironmaking technologies: Japan’s approach
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Cokemaking
23.3 Blast furnace
23.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 24 Low carbon ironmaking technologies: an European approach
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Blast furnace ironmaking
24.3 Alternative ironmaking technologies
24.4 Towards carbon-free ironmaking
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Iron Ore

Mineralogy, Processing and Environmental Sustainability

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Liming Lu