Ion Beam Handbook for Material Analysis

Chapter Editors and Contributors Preface Table A. Crystal Structure and Density of the Elements Table B. Elements: Isotope Mass, Abundance, and Atomic Weight and Density Table C. Physical Constants and Conversion Factors 1. Energy Loss and Energy Straggling 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Energy Loss 1.3 Energy Straggling 1.4 Additivity Rules of Energy Loss and Energy Straggling 1.5 References Table 1.1 4He Stopping Cross Sections Table 1.2 Energy Straggling Calculated for 4He Ions in Each Element 2. Backscattering Spectrometry Table 2.1 1H Backscattering Kinematic Factor Table 2.2 4He Backscattering Kinematic Factor Table 2.3 1.0 MeV H+ Effective Scattering Cross Section Table 2.4 1.0 MeV 4He++ Effective Scattering Cross Section 2.1 Backscattering Kinematic Factor 2.2 Differential Scattering Cross Section 2.3 Depth Scale 2.4 Depth Scale in Atoms per cm2 2.5 Backscattering Yield from Bulk Targets 2.6 Applications to Elemental Targets 2.7 Applications to Compound Targets 2.8 Analysis of Mixtures 2.9 References3. Channeling 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Axial and Planar Half Angles 3.3 Estimates of Minimum Yield 3.4 Critical Angle and Minimum Yield (Diatomic Compounds) 3.5 Procedure for Obtaining a Random Spectrum 3.6 Crystal Overlaid with an Amorphous Layer 3.7 Disorder Evaluation (Surface Approximation) 3.8 Disorder Evaluation (General Case) 3.9 Lattice Location of Impurities 3.10 Alignment Procedures 3.11 References 3.12 Appendix 4. Selected Low Energy Nuclear Reaction Data 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Table of Most Used Reactions for Light Particle Detection 4.3 Table of Reactions for Profiling H and He Isotopes 4.4 Energy and Angular Dependence of Reaction Cross Sections with Notes for Analysis 4.5 Neutron Reactions 4.6 Elastic Scattering Cross Sections 4.7 (p, γ) Resonances 4.8 Kinematics 4.9 Miscellaneous 4.10 Examples 5. Ion Induced X-Rays 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Techniques 5.3 X-Ray Energies, Wavelengths, and Relative Intensities 5.4 Ion-Induced Ionization Cross Sections 5.5 Fluorescence Yield 5.6 AttenuationIndex