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Invertebrate Learning and Memory
- 1st Edition, Volume 22 - June 18, 2013
- Editors: Randolf Menzel, Paul Benjamin
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 5 8 2 3 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 9 8 2 6 0 - 5
Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to… Read more
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Request a sales quoteUnderstanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory.
Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning.
- Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations
- Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity
- Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available
- Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Neuroscientists interested in the neural control of cognitive behavior; entomologists and those in the field of invertebrate learning
List of Contributors
Section 1: Introduction
Chapter 1. Beyond the Cellular Alphabet of Learning and Memory in Invertebrates
Introduction
Beyond the Cellular Alphabet: Circuit and Network Levels of Analysis, the Necessary Step
Do Invertebrates have Cognitive Abilities?
References
Section 2: Concepts of Invertebrate Comparative Cognition
Chapter 2. Action Selection: The Brain as a Behavioral Organizer
Introduction
Behavioral Modules
Outcome Expectation
The Active Brain
Action Selection
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3. Cognitive Components of Insect Behavior
Introduction
Acting Upon the Environment: Exploration, Instrumental Learning, and Observational Learning
Expectation
Generalization, Categorization, and Concept Learning
Memory Processing
Insect Intelligence and Brain Structure
Miniature Brains
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Exploring Brain Connectivity in Insect Model Systems of Learning and Memory: Neuroanatomy Revisited
Introduction
Insect Brains are Small
Methods of Analyzing Insect Microcircuits
Discussion and Outlook
References
Chapter 5. ‘Decision Making’ in Larval Drosophila
Introduction
Architecture of the Chemobehavioral System
A Working Hypothesis of Memory Trace Formation
The Decision to Behaviorally Express a Memory Trace—or Not
Aspects of Decision Making
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 3: Developments in Methodology
Chapter 6. Optophysiological Approaches to Learning and Memory in Drosophila melanogaster
Introduction: Strategies to Determine Neuronal Substrates Underlying Learning and Memory
Disruptive Alterations: Ablation, Mutation, and Block of Synaptic Transmission
Detectability: Optical Imaging Using DNA-Encoded Fluorescence Probes
Mimicry: Optogenetic and Thermogenetic Activation of Neurons
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 7. Computational Analyses of Learning Networks
Introduction
Olfactory Learning in Insects
Nonassociative and Associative Learning in Gastropods
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 8. Issues in Invertebrate Learning Raised by Robot Models
Introduction
Robot Models of Invertebrate Learning
What is Associated with What in Classical Conditioning?
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 4: Mechanisms from the Most Important Systems
Chapter 9. Mechanosensory Learning and Memory in Caenorhabditis elegans
Introduction to Caenorhabditis Elegans Learning and Memory
Characteristics of Short-Term Tap Habituation
Development of Tap Habituation
Circuitry Underlying Tap Habituation
Neurotransmitters Involved in Tap Habituation
Locus of Plasticity in Tap Habituation
Genes that Play a Role in Tap Habituation
Long-Term Memory for Tap Habituation
Context: Short-Term and Long-Term Memory
Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Molecular and Cellular Circuits Underlying Caenorhabditis elegans Olfactory Plasticity
Caenorhabditis Elegans Olfactory System
Caenorhabditis Elegans Olfactory Plasticity
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11. Thermosensory Learning in Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis Elegans Neuroscience
Behavioral Plasticity in C. Elegans
Thermotaxis in C. Elegans
Neural Circuit for Thermotaxis
Thermosensory Signaling
AFD Themosensory Neurons Memorize Cultivation Temperature: the Sensory Neuron Acts as a Memory Device
Associative Learning between Temperature and Food
Regulation of Associative Learning by Insulin and Monoamine Signaling
Information Flow from AFD and AWC to AIY
RIA Interneuron as an Integrator and Locomotion Controller
Conclusion and Perspective
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12. Age-Dependent Modulation of Learning and Memory in Caenorhabditis elegans
Introduction
Classification of Learning and Memory
Reduced Plasticity but Well-Retained ‘Old Memory’
Two Phases of AMI
Aging-Related Changes in Associative Learning and Memory
Endocrine Disturbance as a Cause of Early AMI
Neural Regulation of Memory and AMI
Midlife Crisis Theory and Epigenetic Changes
Perspectives
References
Chapter 13. Salt Chemotaxis Learning in Caenorhabditis elegans
Salt Chemotaxis in Caenorhabditis Elegans
Salt Chemotaxis Learning: The Behavior
The Role of ASE Neurons in Salt Chemotaxis Learning
The Insulin/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway
The Gq/Diacylglycerol/Protein Kinase C Pathway
Other Genes Acting in ASER
The EGL-8/Diacylglycerol/Protein Kinase D Pathway Acting in ASEL
Involvement of Other Sensory Neurons
Roles of Interneurons
Changes in Neuronal Activities Caused by Learning
How is the Starvation Signal Transmitted?
Molecular Pathways for memory retention
Long-Term Memory
Experience-Dependent Salt Chemotaxis in Fed Animals
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. A Systems Analysis of Neural Networks Underlying Gastropod Learning and Memory
Introduction
Behavior and Model Networks
The Complexity of Gastropod Learning
Synaptic Mechanisms for Learning
Nonsynaptic Cellular Mechanisms for learning
Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15. Comparison of Operant and Classical Conditioning of Feeding Behavior in Aplysia
Introduction
Feeding Behavior in Aplysia and its Underlying Neural Circuit
Feeding Behavior is Modified by Associative Learning
Cellular Analysis of Appetitive Classical and Appetitive Operant Conditioning of Feeding
Comparison of the Molecular Mechanisms of Operant and Classical Conditioning
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16. Mechanisms of Short-Term and Intermediate-Term Memory in Aplysia
Introduction
Simple Forms of Learning in Aplysia
Short-Term Plasticity
The Relationship Between Short- and Long-Term Plasticity, and the Discovery of Intermediate-Term Plasticity
Mechanisms of Induction, Maintenance, and Expression of Intermediate-Term Facilitation
Pre- and Postsynaptic Mechanisms of Intermediate-Term Plasticity
Spontaneous Transmitter Release is Critical for the Induction of Intermeditate- and Long-Term Facilitation
Spontaneous Transmitter Release from the Presynaptic Neuron Recruits Postsynaptic Mechanisms of Intermediate- and Long-Term Facilitation
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 17. Synaptic Mechanisms of Induction and Maintenance of Long-Term Sensitization Memory in Aplysia
Introduction
Long-Term Sensitization in Aplysia: Mechanisms of Induction
Maintenance of LTS Memory in Aplysia
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18. Roles of Protein Kinase C and Protein Kinase M in Aplysia Learning
Introduction
The PKC Family
Isoform-Specific Roles of PKCs during Distinct Learning Paradigms
Interaction of PKCs with Other Signal Transduction Pathways
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19. Multisite Cellular and Synaptic Mechanisms in Hermissenda Pavlovian Conditioning
Introduction
Pavlovian Conditioning and the CR Complex
Neural Network
Long-Term Memory Following Multitrial Conditioning
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Short-, Intermediate-, and Long-Term Memory Formation
One-Trial Conditioning
Second Messengers
Long-Term Memory Depends on Translation and Transcription
Proteins Regulated by Pavlovian Conditioning: Proteomic Analyses
Mechanisms of CS–US Associations in Sensory Neurons
Summary
References
Chapter 20. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Classical Conditioning in the Feeding System of Lymnaea
Introduction
Molecular Mechanisms of Classical Conditioning in the Feeding System of Lymnaea
Cellular Mechanisms of Classical Conditioning in the Feeding System of Lymnaea
Conclusions
References
Chapter 21. Operant Conditioning of Respiration in Lymnaea: The Environmental Context
Introduction
Aerial Respiratory Behavior
Operant Conditioning of Aerial Respiratory Behavior
Ecologically Relevant Stressors and LTM Formation
What is Stressful for a Snail?
Resource Restriction
Social Stress
Thermal Stress
Anthropogenic Stress
Interaction between Stressors
Population Differences
Conclusions
References
Chapter 22. Associative Memory Mechanisms in Terrestrial Slugs and Snails
Introduction
Learning Solutions to Lifestyle Challenges by Terrestrial Gastropods
Complexity of Odor Conditioning
Neurogenesis May Contribute to Olfactory Learning
Procerebrum as an Olfactory Learning Center
Progress with Limax Odor Learning
Learning of Tentacle Position
Conclusions
References
Chapter 23. Observational and Other Types of Learning in Octopus
Introduction
Complexity versus Simplicity: Examples from Octopuses
Smart versus Stupid: Learning and Other Forms of Behavioral Plasticity
Learning from Others in Octopuses: Experimental Evidence
Why Should Octopus Possess Social Learning Skills?
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 24. The Neurophysiological Basis of Learning and Memory in Advanced Invertebrates: The Octopus and the Cuttlefish
Introduction
The Cephalopod Nervous System
Anatomy of the Vertical Lobe System
Neurophysiology of Sfl Input to the Octopus Vertical Lobe
Neuronal Output from the Vertical Lobes of Octopus and Cuttlefish Demonstrates Activity-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation
Synaptic Plasticity in the Vertical Lobes of Octopus and Cuttlefish
What do the Vertical Lobes of Octopus and Cuttlefish Compute?
Mechanism of LTP Induction in the Octopus Vertical Lobe
Neuromodulation in the Vertical Lobe
Are the Octopus Vertical Lobe and its LTP Involved in Behavioral Learning and Memory?
A System Model for Octopus Learning and Memory
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 25. Learning, Memory, and Brain Plasticity in Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)
Introduction
The Cuttlefish Brain
Brain and Behavioral Plasticity in Adults
Developmental Perspectives
Conclusion
References
Chapter 26. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Learning and Memory in the Crab Neohelice (Chasmagnathus) granulata
Introduction: Crustaceans as Model Systems in Neurobiology
Learning and Memory in Crustaceans
The Crab Neohelice: Habitat and Habits
Crab Learning in the Laboratory
Context-Signal Memory
Massed and Spaced Training Render Two Different Kinds of Memory
Anatomical Description of Brain Regions Involved in Crab’s Visual Memory
In Vivo Physiological Characterization of Brain Interneurons
Characterization of the LG Neurons and their Role in the Crab Escape Response
LG Neurons and their Role in Visual Learning and Memory
Pharmacological and Molecular Characterization of CSM Formation and Processing
Role of Protein Kinase a in Memory Consolidation
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in CSM
Rel/NF-κB, a Key Transcription Factor in Consolidation of CSM
Epigenetic Mechanisms in CSM Formation
CSM Reconsolidation and Extinction: A Cornerstone in the Study of Memory Reprocessing
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 27. Drosophila Memory Research through Four Eras: Genetic, Molecular Biology, Neuroanatomy, and Systems Neuroscience
Introduction
The Genetics of Drosophila Learning
Drosophila Learning
The Olfactory Nervous System
Neural Circuits underlying learning and memory
Subcellular Signaling Dynamics
Memory Traces
Outlook
References
Chapter 28. Visual Learning and Decision Making in Drosophila melanogaster
Introduction
Drosophila Vision
Classical and Operant Conditioning
Invariant Recognition and Memory Traces
Feature Extraction and Context Generalization
Multisensory Perception and Cross-Modal Memory
Spatial Learning and Working Memory
Attention-Like Fixation Behavior and Visual Selective Attention
Decision Making
Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 29. In Search of the Engram in the Honeybee Brain
The Concept of the Engram
The Olfactory Learning Paradigm
The Olfactory Pathway in the Bee Brain and Potential Locations of the Engram
The Antennal Lobe
Intrinsic Neurons of the Mushroom Body: Kenyon Cells
Extrinsic Neurons of the Mushroom Body
The Lateral Horn
Memory Traces in the Reward Pathway
The Distributed Nature of the Engram
Conclusion
References
Chapter 30. Neural Correlates of Olfactory Learning in the Primary Olfactory Center of the Honeybee Brain: The Antennal Lobe
Introduction
Studied Forms of Olfactory Learning in Honeybees
The Olfactory System
The Search for Experience-Induced Plasticity in the Antennal Lobe
Where Do We Go from Here? The Multifactorial Quality of the Search for Neural Plasticity
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 31. Memory Phases and Signaling Cascades in Honeybees
Appetitive Olfactory Learning in Honeybees: Behavior and Neuronal Circuitry
Reward and Odor Stimuli Induce Fast and Transient Activation of the cAMP- and Ca2+-Dependent Signaling Cascades in the Antennal Lobes
The Link between Training Parameters and Memory Formation: The Specific Role of Second Messenger-Regulated Signaling Cascades
Satiation Affects Formation of Appetitive Memory via Molecular Processes during Conditioning
Midterm Memory Requires the Interaction of a Ca2+-Regulated Protease and Protein Kinase C
Mushroom Body Glutamate Transmission is Implicated in Memory Formation
Parallel Signaling Processes in the ALs and the MBs Contribute to Memory Formation
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 32. Pheromones Acting as Social Signals Modulate Learning in Honeybees
Introduction
Pheromones and their Roles
Pheromone Modulation of Learning Behavior
Coincidental or Adaptive?
Modes of Action
A Focus for Future Studies
References
Chapter 33. Extinction Learning and Memory Formation in the Honeybee
Extinction Resembles an Animal’s Adaptation to a Fluctuating Environment
Classical Conditioning in Harnessed Honeybees
Spontaneous Recovery from Extinction Demonstrates the Existence of Two Memories
Reinstatement of the Extinguished Memory is Context Dependent
Extinction of a Consolidated Long-Term Memory
Consolidating Extinction Memory
Extinction Memory Formation Depends on Reward Learning
Reconsolidation of Reward Memory
Protein Degradation Constrains the Reward Memory
Epigenetic Mechanisms Impact on Memory Formation and the Resistance to Extinction
Extinction in Vertebrates and Honeybees: Conserved Behavior, Conserved Molecular Mechanisms, but Different Brains?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 34. Glutamate Neurotransmission and Appetitive Olfactory Conditioning in the Honeybee
Introduction
Glutamate and Components of the Glutamate Neurotransmission in the Honeybee Nervous System
Architecture of the Glutamatergic Neurotransmission
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission is Important for Learning and Memory
Conclusion
References
Chapter 35. Cellular Mechanisms of Neuronal Plasticity in the Honeybee Brain
Introduction
Cellular Physiology of Membrane Excitability
Synaptic Transmitters and their Receptors
Cell Physiological Events Underlying Olfactory Learning
Conclusions
References
Chapter 36. Behavioral and Neural Analyses of Punishment Learning in Honeybees
Introduction
Olfactory Conditioning of the Sting Extension Reflex
Olfactory Conditioning of Ser is a True Case of Aversive Learning
Olfactory Conditioning of Ser Leads to the Formation of Long-Term Memories
The Neural Basis of Aversive Learning
Dopaminergic Neurons in the Bee Brain
Modularity of Reward and Punishment Systems in Honeybees
Conclusion
References
Chapter 37. Brain Aging and Performance Plasticity in Honeybees
Social Caste, Social Environment, and Flexible Life Histories in the Honeybee
Behavioral Senescence in Honeybees
Heterogeneity of Behavioral Aging
Aging Interventions
Negligible Senescence
Underpinnings of Plastic Brain Aging
Immune Defenses and Aging
Proteome, Aging, and the Reversal of Aging Symptoms
Application-Oriented Research: Screening for Treatments that may Extend Life Span and Improve Health
Synthesis
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 38. Learning and Recognition of Identity in Ants
Is Learning Involved in the Formation of the Nestmate Recognition Template?
When Learning and Memory are Indispensable
Tools to Study Olfactory Learning and Memory in Ants
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 39. Bounded Plasticity in the Desert Ant’s Navigational Tool Kit
The Major Transition in the Ant’S Adult Lifetime
Path Integration
Interplay between Path Integration and Landmark Guidance Routines
Plasticity of the Adult Ant’S Brain
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 40. Learning and Decision Making in a Social Context
Introduction
Social Learning through Teaching
Colony-Level Learning
Conclusion
References
Chapter 41. Olfactory and Visual Learning in Cockroaches and Crickets
Introduction
Olfactory and Visual Learning in Crickets
Visual and Olfactory Learning in Cockroaches
Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
Chapter 42. Individual Recognition and the Evolution of Learning and Memory in Polistes Paper Wasps
Introduction
Evolution of Individual Recognition
Individual Recognition and Social Memory
Detailed Methods for Training Wasps
Specialized versus Generalized Visual Learning
References
Index
- No. of pages: 600
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Volume: 22
- Published: June 18, 2013
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780124158238
- eBook ISBN: 9780123982605