Introductory Organic Chemistry
- 1st Edition - January 1, 1974
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Author: J.T. Gerig
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 2 1 7 8 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 0 9 1 - 1
Introductory Organic Chemistry provides a descriptive overview of organic chemistry and how modern organic chemistry is practiced. Organic compounds such as alkanes, cycloalkanes,… Read more
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Request a sales quoteIntroductory Organic Chemistry provides a descriptive overview of organic chemistry and how modern organic chemistry is practiced. Organic compounds such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, and alkynes are covered, along with aromatic hydrocarbons, compounds derived from water and hydrogen sulfide, and compounds derived from ammonia. This book also explores organic reaction mechanisms and describes the use of molecular spectroscopy in studying the chemical structure of organic complexes. This text consists of 15 chapters and begins with a discussion on some fundamental ideas about organic chemistry, from the electronic structure of atoms to molecular structure, molecular orbitals, hybridization of atomic orbitals in carbon, chemical equilibrium, enthalpy, and acids and bases. The chapters that follow focus on the compounds of carbon such as alkanes and cycloalkanes; benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons; amines and other heterocyclic molecules; aldehydes and ketones; carboxylic acids and their derivatives; nucleic acids; amino acids; peptides; and proteins. The use of instrumentation methods in organic chemistry, particularly mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is also considered. An account of the mechanisms of an organic reaction is presented, paying particular attention to displacement and elimination reactions. This book concludes with a commentary on how most of the amino acids, sugars, heterocyclic molecules, and fatty acids necessary for life processes could have been formed on Earth. This book is intended for nonmajors taking an introductory organic chemistry course of two quarters or one semester in length.
Preface
1 A Review of Some Fundamental Ideas
Atoms
The Electronic Structure of Atoms
Molecular Structure
Molecular Orbitals
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals in Carbon
Chemical Equilibrium
Estimating Enthalpy Differences
Chemical Dynamics
Acids and Bases
Determination of the Structure of Organic Molecules
Problems
Suggested Readings
2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes
Structural Isomers
Nomenclature of Alkanes
Molecular Models
Conformational Isomers
Cyclohexanes
Conformations of Cyclohexane
Cis-Trans Geometrical Isomers in Cycloalkanes
Polycyclic Alkanes
Functional Groups
Physical Properties of Alkanes
Reactions of Alkanes
Problems
Suggested Readings
3 Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, and Alkynes
Alkenes
Cis-Trans Isomerization in Alkenes
Nomenclature for the Alkenes
Cycloalkenes
Nomenclature for the Cycloalkenes
Reactions
Addition Reactions
Reduction
Oxidation
Polymerization
Alkynes
Nomenclature for the Alkynes
Reactions of Alkynes
Problems
Suggested Readings
4 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Benzene
Nomenclature
Resonance Structures
Larger Aromatic Molecules
Reactions
Reduction and Oxidation
Electrophilic Substitution
Substituent Effects on Electrophilic Substitution
Problems
5 Molecular Spectroscopy and Chemical Structure I
Mass Spectrometry
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetism
Interaction of Molecules with Light
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra
The Chemical Shift
Quantitative Analysis
Spin-Coupling Constants
Problems
Suggested Readings
6 Compounds Derived from Water and Hydrogen Sulfide
Alcohols
Nomenclature
Phenols
Physical Properties
Reactions
Alcohols as Acids and Bases
Oxidation of Alcohols
Formation of Alkyl Halides
Elimination Reactions
Ethers
Reactions of Ethers
Peroxides
Derivatives of Hydrogen Sulfide
Thiols
Sulfides
Disulfides
Problems
Suggested Readings
7 Compounds Derived from Ammonia; Heterocyclic Molecules
Amines
Nomenclature
Physical Properties
Amines as Bases
Some Reactions of Amines
Nucleophilic Displacements
Nitrous Acid
Azo Compounds and Hydrazines
Heterocycles
Oxygen Heterocycles
Nitrogen Heterocycles
Reactions of Heterocycles
Alkaloids
Problems
Suggested Readings
8 Organic Reaction Mechanisms: Displacement and Elimination Reactions
Types of Organic Reactions
How are Mechanisms Determined?
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
SN1 Reactions
SN2 Reactions
Elimination Reactions
α-Elimination
β-Elimination
Catalysis
Problems
Suggested Readings
9 Aldehydes and Ketones
Classes of Carbonyl Compounds
Nomenclature
Properties and Occurrence of Aldehydes and Ketones
Reactions Of Aldehydes And Ketones
Additions
Addition with Elimination
Reduction Reactions
Oxidation of Aldehydes
Condensation Reactions
Halogenation
Quinones
Problems
Suggested Readings
10 Carbohydrates
Optical Isomerism
Asymmetric Carbon Atoms
Meso Compounds
Optical Rotation
Absolute Configuration
Specifying the Configuration of Asymmetric Atoms
Racemization
Diastereomers
Resolution
Monosaccharides
Reactions of Monosaccharides
Cyclic Forms of Glucose
Other Monosaccharide Derivatives
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Celluose
Starch
Other Polysaccharides
Problems
Suggested Readings
11 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Carboxylic Acids
Nomenclature
Substituent Effects on Acidity
Salts of Carboxylic Acids
Naturally Occurring Carboxylic Acids
Esters
Nomenclature
Occurrence of Esters
Amides
Nomenclature
Occurrence of Amides
Acid Halides
Acid Anhydrides
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Inter conversion of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Hydrolysis
Reduction Reactions
Condensation Reactions
Other Acids
Lipids
Waxes
Fats and Oils
Phospholipids
Problems
Suggested Readings
12 Molecular Spectroscopy and Chemical Structure II
Review of the Principles of Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy
Optical Rotatory Dispersion
X-Ray Crystallography
Problems
Suggested Readings
13 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
α-Amino Acids
Reactions of Amino Acids
Peptides
Cis-Trans Isomers at the Peptide Bond
Nomenclature
Structural Studies of Peptides
Synthesis of Polypeptides
Proteins
Classification of Proteins
Structural Studies of Proteins
Amino Acid Side Chain Interactions
Denaturation
Enzyme Action
Problems
Suggested Readings
14 Nucleic Acids
Purines and Pyrimidines
Some Reactions of Purines and Pyrimidines
Heterocycles Found in the Nucleic Acids
Nucleosides
Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
Structural Features of DNA's
Structural Features of RNA's
The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
Problems
Suggested Readings
15 Chemical Evolution
Amino Acids
Sugars
Purines, Pyrimidines, Porphyrins
Other Heterocycles
Fatty Acids
Dehydration and Polymerization
Formation of Proteins
Nucleic Acids
The Development of Complexity: Toward the Cell
Suggested Readings
Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 1, 1974
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 422
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780124121782
- eBook ISBN: 9780323140911
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