Insulation Co-ordination in High-voltage Electric Power Systems

Contents1 Introduction 2 Overvoltages 2.1 Lightning Surges 2.2 Temporary Overvoltages 2.3 Switching Overvoltages 3 Disruptive Discharge and Withstand Voltages 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Self-Restoring Insulation 3.3 Non-Self-Restoring Insulation 4 Lightning Overvoltages On Transmission Lines 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Strokes to Nearby Ground 4.3 Shielding 4.4 Strokes to Towers 4.5 Strokes to Ground Wires 4.6 Practical Methods Of Determining The Voltages Stressing Line Insulation 4.7 Attenuation and Distortion of Lightning Surges5 The Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Flashover Rate of Unshielded Lines 5.3 The Flashover Rate of Shielded Lines 5.4 Outage Rate and Sustained Outage Rate 6 The Switching Surge Design of Transmission Lines 6.1 General 6.2 Tower Insulation Design 6.3 Application to Future Ultra-High Voltages 7 The Insulation Co-Ordination Of High-Voltage Stations 95 7.1 Principles 7.2 Overvoltage Protective Devices 7.3 Stations with Protected Zone 7.4 Stations without Protected Zone 7.5 Cable-Connected Equipment Bibliography Appendix A Propagation of Travelling Waves Appendix B Data For 220 Kv Transmission Line Used in Lightning Performance CalculationsIndex