Inorganic Geochemistry of Coal
- 1st Edition - June 22, 2023
- Latest edition
- Authors: Shifeng Dai, Robert B. Finkelman, James C. Hower, David French, Ian T. Graham, Lei Zhao
- Language: English
Inorganic Geochemistry of Coal explains how to determine the concentrations and modes of occurrence of elements in coal, how to diminish adverse effects of toxic elements on… Read more
Inorganic Geochemistry of Coal explains how to determine the concentrations and modes of occurrence of elements in coal, how to diminish adverse effects of toxic elements on the environment and human health, which elements in coal could be industrially utilized, and which elements can be successfully used as indications for deciphering depositional environments and tectonic evolution. As coal use will remain at an all-time high for the next several decades, there is a critical need for understanding the properties of this fuel to ensure efficient use, encourage its economic by-product potential, and to help minimize its negative technological, environmental and health impacts.
- Features dozens of never-before published illustrations of critical features of the inorganic geochemistry of coal
- Covers both the theory and applications of the topic, including case studies to serve as real-world examples
- Includes a chapter on the health and environmental impacts of the mining, development and use of coal
Industries and academic departments related to coal, e.g., coal companies, coal research institutes and universities, Academic departments related to the environment and human health, Industries and academic departments related to critical metals, Academic departments related to geology and geochemistry, Scientific societies related to energy, to environmental, and to health issues
1. Preview
1.1 Scope of inorganic geochemistry of coal
1.2 Significance of inorganic geochemistry of coal
2. Analytical methods of elements in coal
2.1 Coal sampling
2.2 Determination methods of concentrations of elements in coal
2.2.1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF)
2.2.2 Proton induced gamma ray spectrometry (PIGIE)
2.2.3 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
2.2.4 Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
2.2.5 Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)
2.2.6 Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)
2.2.7 Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS)
2.2.8 Pyrohydrolysis in conjunction with an ion-selective electrode
2.3 Determination methods of mode of occurrence of elements in coal
2.3.1 Indirect methods
2.3.1.1 Statistical analyses
2.3.1.2 Float-sink methods
2.3.1.3 Selective leaching method (SLM)
2.3.2 Direct methods
2.3.2.1 Optical microscopy
2.3.2.2 X-ray diffraction (XRD)
2.3.2.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
2.3.2.4 Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)
2.3.2.5 Electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA)
2.3.2.6 Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE)
2.3.2.7 X Synchrotron applications
2.3.2.8 Secondary ion mass spectrometry (ion microprobe)
2.3.2.9 Time-of-flight of secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
2.3.2.10 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
2.3.2.11 Laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
2.3.2.12 Tescan Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA)
2.3.2.13 Chemical investigations
3. Abundance of elements in coal
3.1 Major elements
3.2 Trace elements
4. Enrichment mechanism of elements in coal
4.1. Terrigenous origin
4.2. Hydrothermal fluids
4.3 Volcanic ashes
4.4 Biogenic origin
4.5 Seawater
4.6 Pore waters in coal
4.7 Groundwaters
5. Definition and importance of modes of occurrence of elements in coal
5.1 What are the modes of occurrence of elements in coal?
5.1.1 Types of modes of occurrence of elements in coal
5.1.2 Coal composition in comparison with the Earth’s Upper Crust
5.2 The importance of the modes of occurrence of elements in coal
5.2.1 Geologic/Geochemical Significance
5.2.1.1 Textural evidence of the source of elements
5.2.1.2 Geochemical significance of elements hosted in syngenetic minerals
5.2.2 Economic By-product Recovery
5.2.3 Technological Importance (abrasion, corrosion, fouling, and slagging)
5.2.4 Environmental Impacts
5.2.5 Human Health Impacts
6. Modes of occurrence of elements in coal
6.1 Major elements
6.1.1 Silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al)
6.1.2 Sulfur (S)
6.1.3 Titanium (Ti)
6.1.4 Iron (Fe)
6.1.5 Calcium (Ca)
6.1.6 Magnesium (Mg)
6.1.7 Sodium (Na)
6.1.8 Potassium (K)
6.1.9 Modes of occurrence of non-mineral major elements in coal
6.1.10 Contributions of non-mineral major elements to ash formation
6.2 Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal
6.2.1 Lithium (Li)
6.2.2 Beryllium (Be)
6.2.3 Boron (B)
6.2.4 Fluorine (F)
6.2.5 Phosphorus (P)
6.2.6 Chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br)
6.2.7 Scandium (Sc)
6.2.8 Vanadium (V)
6.2.9 Chromium (Cr)
6.2.10 Manganese (Mn)
6.2.11 Cobalt (Co)
6.2.12 Nickel (Ni)
6.2.13 Copper (Cu)
6.2.14 Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd)
6.2.15 Gallium (Ga)
6.2.16 Germanium (Ge)
6.2.16.1 General geochemistry of Ge in coal
6.2.16.2 Wulantuga coal-hosted Ge deposit
6.2.16.3 Lincang coal-hosted Ge deposit
6.2.16.4 Spetzgli coal-hosted Ge deposit
6.2.17 Arsenic (As)
6.2.18 Selenium (Se)
6.2.19 Rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs)
6.2.20 Strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba)
6.2.21 Zirconium (Zr) and Hafnium (Hf)
6.2.22 Niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta)
6.2.23 Molybdenum (Mo)
6.2.24 Platinum group elements (PGE), silver (Ag), and gold (Au)
6.2.25 Indium (In)
6.2.26 Tin (Sn)
6.2.27 Antimony (Sb)
6.2.28 Tellurium (Te)
6.2.29 Iodine (I)
6.2.30 Rare earth elements and Y (REY)
6.2.30.1 Geochemistry of REY in coal
6.2.30.2 Recovery of REY from coal ash
6.2.31 Tungsten (W)
6.2.32 Rhenium (Re)
6.2.33 Mercury (Hg)
6.2.34 Thallium (Tl)
6.2.35 Lead (Pb)
6.2.36 Bismuth (Bi)
6.2.37 Radium (Ra)
6.2.38 Thorium (Th)
6.2.39 Uranium (U)
6.2.40 Rare Gases
7. Minerals in coal as the hosts of chemical elements
7.1 The significance of minerals in coal
7.2 Minerals found in coal
7.3 Summary of minerals and mineral groups as hosts of chemical elements
8. Selected toxic elements and their effects on human health
8.1 Arsenic
8.2 Fluorine
8.3 Selenium
8.4 Iodine
8.5 Mercury
8.5 Naturally occurring radioactive materials
8.6 Coal smoke and lung cancer
8.6 Uncontrolled coal fires
8.7 Health impacts of coal mining
8.8 Premature deaths
9. Critical Elements in coal
9.1 Overview
9.2 Uranium
9.3 Germanium
9.3.1 Wulantuga Ge deposit
9.3.2 Lincang Ge deposit
9.3.3 Spetzgli Ge deposit
9.4 Gallium and Al
9.5 Rare earth elements and yttrium
9.5.1 Classification and sources
9.5.2 Assessment criteria for coal ashes as REY raw materials
9.5.3 REY-rich coal ashes
9.5.4 REY distribution patterns
9.5.5 Anomalies of REY (Eu, Ce, La, Gd, Y)
9.5.6 Determination problems of Eu
9.6 Other critical elements
9.7 Benefits and future prospects
10. Future directions and applications
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: June 22, 2023
- Language: English
SD
Shifeng Dai
Shifeng Dai is a professor at the Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing). He had his Ph.D. (2002) from China University of Mining and Technology. His research fields include coal geology, coal geochemistry, and coal-hosted critical metal ore deposits. He is the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Coal Geology (2007- ) and was the President of The Society For Organic Petrology (2015–2017). He is the Chief Scientist of National Key Basic Research Program of China and Changjiang Scholar Professor of Ministry of Education (China). He published over 180 research papers, co-authored/edited five books, and edited eight special issues for international journals. He is a recipient of the highest award of the of The Society For Organic Petrology John Castano Award (2021) and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (2007).
Affiliations and expertise
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, ChinaRF
Robert B. Finkelman
Dr. Robert B. Finkelman, retired in 2005 after 32 years with the U.S. Geological Survey. He is currently a Research Professor in the Dept. of Geosciences at the University of Texas at Dallas and a Distinguished Professor at the China University of Mining and Technology. Most of Dr. Finkelman’s professional career has been devoted to understanding the properties of coal and how these properties affect coal’s technological performance, economic byproduct potential and environmental and health impacts. He has authored more than 850 publications. Dr. Finkelman is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America and has served as Chairman of the Geological Society of America’s Coal Geology Division and as president of the Society for Organic Petrology. He was a recipient of the Gordon H. Wood Jr. Memorial Award from the AAPG Eastern Section; and a recipient of the Cady Award from the GSA’s Coal Geology Division.
Affiliations and expertise
Geosciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, TX, USAJH
James C. Hower
Jim Hower received his BA, MS, and PhD degrees in geology from Millersville University, Ohio State, and Penn State. He has been a scientist at the University of Kentucky’s Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER) since 1978 and has been a Research Professor in the University of Kentucky Department of Earth & Environmental Research since 2016 with a research focus on a broad range of topics within coal and fly ash petrology and chemistry. As of June 30th, Jim retired from the university, but he is still active at the CAER and elsewhere. He has authored over 480 publications in more than 120 journals and books. He was the editor of International Journal of Coal Geology and Coal Combustion & Gasification Products for 10 years each. Jim has received the top awards from The Society for Organic Petrology, International Committee for Coal & Organic Petrology, and the Geological Society of America’s Energy Geology Division.
Affiliations and expertise
University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research, Lexington, KY, USADF
David French
David French is an Adjunct Associate Professor within the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. He received his BA from Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand, and his PhD in igneous petrology from Newcastle University, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Initially he was an exploration and mining geologist for base and precious metals and industrial minerals. Subsequently, he was a research associate involved in a study of Australian oil shales followed by a period as a manager of a coal trace element geochemistry and mineralogy laboratory section. David then joined the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, initially applying advanced mineralogical techniques to ore formation research, then to studies of coal geochemistry, mineralogy, and coal utilization by-products. Since 2014 he has been an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of New South Wales continuing his research interest. He has published over 130 papers and numerous research reports.
Affiliations and expertise
Earth and Sustainability Sciences Research Centre, School of Biological, earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaIG
Ian T. Graham
Ian Graham is a senior lecturer in Earth Sciences within the School of Biological, earth and Environmnetal Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia. He received his BAppSc (1st class honours) and PhD degrees from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, Australia. His research fields are very broad and generally cover the fields of mineralogy, geochemistry and igneous petrology. He particularly focusses on inorganic geochemistry and mineral matter within coal, unconventional sediment-hosted critical element mineralisation, intraplate volcanism, gem deposits and Ag-Au deposits. He has published over 115 journal papers, co-authored/edited 5 books, and edited 4 special issues for international journals. He is an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Coal Geology and Mineralogical Magazine.
Affiliations and expertise
Earth and Sustainability Sciences Research Centre, School of Biological, earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaLZ
Lei Zhao
Lei Zhao received a bachelor's degree in Environmental Engineering from China University of Mining and Technology in 2004, her MSc degree from China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) in 2007, and PhD in Applied Geology from the University of New South Wales, Australia in 2012. She is a professor at China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), China. Her main research interests are mineral matter and trace elements in coal, strategically critical metals in coal-bearing sequences and coal combustion by-products, as well as environmental impact of coal utilization. She is a member of the editorial board of International Journal of Coal Geology (2015-present). She is a recipient of the National Science Fund of China for Excellent Young Scholars. She has authored and co-authored over 20 refereed journal articles, and co-edited 2 special issues for international journals.
Affiliations and expertise
College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, ChinaRead Inorganic Geochemistry of Coal on ScienceDirect