Industrial Applications of Lasers

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsHistorical Prologue lChapter 1 Fundamentals of Lasers A. Electromagnetic Radiation B. Elementary Optical Principles C. Energy Levels D. Interaction of Radiation and Matter E. Laser Materials F. Population Inversion G. Resonant Cavity Selected ReferencesChapter 2 Properties of Laser Light A. Line width B. Beam Divergence Angle C. Spatial Profiles of Laser Beams D. Temporal Behavior of Laser Output E. Coherence Properties F. Brightness G. Focusing Properties of Laser Radiation H. Power References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 3 Practical Lasers A. Gas Lasers B. Solid State Lasers C. Semiconductor Lasers D. Organic Dye Lasers References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 4 Status of Laser Development: Present and Future A. Tabulation of Laser Properties B. Future Developments References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 5 Care and Maintenance of Lasers A. Damage and Deterioration of Lasers B. Care and Maintenance References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 6 Laser Safety A. Physiological Effects B. Laser Safety Practices and Standards C. Regulatory Bodies References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 7 Laser Components and Accessories A. Mirrors B. Polarizers C. Infrared Materials D. Detectors E. Modulators F. Deflectors G. ^-switches H. Nonlinear Optical Elements References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 8 Alignment and Tooling A. Laser Tooling B. Related Uses References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 9 Principles Used in Measurement A. The Michelson Interferometer B. Beat Production (Heterodyne) C. The Doppler Effect D. Coherence Requirements Selected ReferencesChapter 10 Distance Measurement and Dimensional Control A. Interferometric Distance Measurement B. Beam Modulation Telemetry C. Pulsed Laser Range Finders D. A Laser Interferometer Application in Mask Production: A Specific Example of Distance Measurement and Dimensional Control References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 11 Environmental Measurements A. Introduction to Laser Monitoring of the Environment B. Optical Radar C. Raman Backscattering D. Resonance Fluorescence E. Absorption Methods F. Summary and Comparison of Methods References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 12 Laser Instrumentation and Measurement A. Velocity Measurement B. Angular Rotation Rate C. Wire Diameter D. Profile and Surface Position Measurement E. Measurements of Product Dimension F. Measurement of Surface Finish G. Surface Flaw Inspection Monitor—A Specific Example H. Summary References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 13 Interaction of High-Power Laser Radiation with Materials References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 14 Laser Applications in Material Processing Selected ReferencesChapter 15 Applications of Laser Heating: Welding and Heat Treating A. Seam Welding—Subkilowatt Levels B. Welding with Multikilowatt Continuous Lasers C. Spot Welding D. Heat Treatment E. An Example of Laser Welding Capability References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 16 Applications for Material Removal: Drilling, Cutting, Electronic Component Fabrication, Marking A. Laser-Induced Material Removal B. Hole Drilling C. Cutting D. Electronic Component Fabrication E. Additional Processes Involving Material Removal F. An Example—Mask Saving References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 17 Principles of Holography A. Formation of Holograms B. The Holographic Process C. Hologram Types and Their Efficiencies D. Practical Aspects of Holography References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 18 Applications of Holography A. Holographic Interferometry B. A Miscellany of Applications C. An Example of Holographic Application References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 19 Chemical Applications A. Spectroscopy B. Photochemical Applications C. Isotope Separation References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 20 Integrated Optics and Fiber Optics A. Optical Waveguides B. Components for Integrated Optics References Selected Additional ReferencesChapter 21 Information-Related Applications of Lasers A. Communications B. Displays C. Consumer-Related Products: Video Disks and Point-of-Sale Scanners D. Laser Graphics E. Information Storage F. Optical Data Processing References Selected Additional ReferencesEpilogue A Look at the Future References Selected Additional ReferencesIndex