Immunotoxicogenomics

A Multidisciplinary Approach in Systems Toxicology

1st Edition - October 16, 2024
Editors: Md. Naimat Ali, Shafat Ali, Muneeb U Rehman
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 5 0 2 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 5 1 1 - 3

Immunotoxicogenomics: A Multidisciplinary Approach in Systems Toxicology covers the major mechanisms and effects of toxic substances on the immune system, and on the regula… Read more

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Immunotoxicogenomics: A Multidisciplinary Approach in Systems Toxicology covers the major mechanisms and effects of toxic substances on the immune system, and on the regulation of gene expression. This includes the aims, opportunities, clinical applications, recent developments, and emerging and future trends. The book begins with a discussion of the systemic approach to toxicants, but also looks at current genomic tools used to assess immunotoxicity and systems biology methods used in immuno-toxicogenomics. Other topics include genomic expression profiling, gene expression as a tool to understand and predict immunotoxicity, immunotox-icogenomics as a screening tool, and the assessment and analysis of Immunotoxicogenomics data.

This book provides a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach for researchers in the fields of toxicology, genetics, immunology, and others engaged in the study on the effects of toxic substances on immune responses.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Chapter 1. Immunotoxicogenomics: A systemic approach in the study of toxicants
Introduction
Early framework for immnunotoxicity
Toxicogenomics and environmental factors
Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Effect of micro- and nanoplastics
Effect of electric pollutants
Immune cells as a target to investigate toxicity
Gene expression and toxic response
High-throughput approaches to assess immunotoxicity
Biomarkers of immunotoxicity
Immunotoxicogenomics
In-vitro assays
Fish immunotoxicity testing
High-throughput approaches to assess immunotoxicity
In-vitro approach
Tox21 program
Immunotoxicity in-vitro assays
ToxCast program
European interlaboratory prevalidation study
Omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics)
Multiomics
Conclusion
Chapter 2. Immunotoxicogenomics: A potential approach for comprehending toxicity mechanisms and enhancing risk assessment
Introduction
Oxidative stress response to contact sensitizers
PTEN pathway
Contact and respiratory sensitizers have different chemical characteristics
Different immune response screwed in vivo by contact and respiratory sensitizers
Conclusion
Chapter 3. Current systems biology methods used in immunotoxicogenomics
Introduction
System biology approaches in immunotoxicogenomics
Gene expression profiling
Expression profiling of toxicant response
Mechanistic inference from toxicant profiling
Protein expression
Metabolite analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance
Localization of gene expression
Database requirements
Importance of toxicogenomics
Components of toxicogenomic
Applications of toxicogenomic
Toxicogenomics in nutraceutical
Toxicogenomic in drug development
Reproductive and developmental toxicology overview with correlation with toxicogenomics
Toxicogenomic: omic tools applied to toxicology
Identifying of immunotoxicology
Current system biology approaches in immunology
Current system biology approaches in toxicology
Current system biology approaches in genomics
System biology approaches for understanding the human immune system
Tools for network-based analysis using protein-protein interactions
Overlapping of gene expression profiles of modeling compounds provides opportunities for immunotoxicity screening
Future perspective
Conclusion
Chapter 4. Immunogenetic reaction to ecotoxicants
Introduction
Types of ecotoxicants
Pesticides
Mycotoxin
Phthalates
Volatile organic compounds
Dioxins
Asbestos
Heavy metals
Cellular elements of the immune response
Immunogenetic reaction
Immunogenetic reaction to pesticides
Immunogenetic reaction to mycotoxins
Immunogenetic reaction to phthalates
Immunogenetic reaction to volatile organic compounds
Immunogenetic reaction to dioxins
Immunogenetic reaction to asbestos
Immunogenetic reaction to heavy metals
Conclusion
Chapter 5. Genomic expression profiling: A potent approach in the study of immunotoxicity
Introduction
Definition of genomic expression profiling
Genomic profiling and immunotoxicity
Gene expression patterns
Biomarkers
Importance of studying immunotoxicity
Mechanism of immunotoxicity
Overview of immunotoxicity
Definition of immunotoxicity
Types of immunotoxicity
Factors that can affect the immune system
Factors that can affect the immune system
Genomic expression profiling
Definition of genomic expression profiling
Techniques used in genomic expression profiling
RNA sequencing
Applications of genomic expression profiling in immunotoxicity studies
Case studies
Examples of studies that utilized genomic expression profiling to study immunotoxicity
Drug development
Vaccines development
Therapeutic
Limitations and challenges
Limitations of genomic expression profiling in immunotoxicity studies
Challenges in interpreting genomic expression data
Conclusion
Summary of the importance of genomic expression profiling in immunotoxicity studies
Future directions and advancements in genomic expression profiling for studying immunotoxicity
Chapter 6. Recent development and new opportunities in immunotoxicogenomics
Introduction
Toxicogenomics
1RR profiling gene expression
Pathway arrays
Near assessment of immunotoxicants
miRNA and siRNA, gene expression regulators
mRNA joining
RNA-seq
Proteomics
Molecular genomics
Phenotypic anchoring, dose response, time course
Bioinformatics and information investigation
Impact markers and machine learning
Multiple omic approaches in the evaluation of immunosuppressive compounds
Future directions
Chapter 7. Understanding and predicting induced immunotoxicity from gene expression
Introduction
Experimental approaches to measure gene expression
Current systems biology methods used in toxicogenomics
Differential gene expression
Pathway analysis
Compound signature matching methods
Coexpression network methods
Concluding remarks & future perspectives
Chapter 8. Application of immunotoxicogenomic data in human risk assessment process
Introduction
Application of immunotoxicogenomics in human risk assessment
Use in risk assessment
Applications of microarray analysis in immunotoxicology
Hexachlorobenzene exposure of brown Norway rats
Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on gene expression
Induction of gene expression changes by sensitizers
Conclusions
Chapter 9. Immunotoxicogenomics: Moving from observation to prediction
Introduction
Foundations of immunotoxicogenomics
Immunotoxicity unveiled
Genomics at play
Transcriptomics: Unraveling the symphony of gene expression alterations
Epigenomics: Illuminating the regulatory landscape
Proteomics: Peering into the molecular ensemble
From observations to mechanistic insights
Omics-driven discoveries
Unveiling mechanisms: A glimpse into cellular orchestration
Gene signatures: The molecular language of immune dysregulation
Biomarkers: Prognostic sentries of immune dysfunction
Uncovering pathways
Systems biology: Holistic exploration of biological complexity
Unraveling complex signaling pathways: Network perspective
Perturbation of pathways: Insights into immune dysfunction
Predictive modeling: Bridging mechanisms to dysfunction
Bridging the gap: From data to predictive models
Big data challenges
Data integration: Piecing together the mosaic
Standardization: Forging common ground
Interpretation: Navigating complexity
Machine learning and predictive modeling
Supervised machine learning: Unveiling patterns and associations
Unsupervised machine learning: Uncovering hidden patterns
Potential for risk assessment
Personalized medicine: Tailoring interventions
Translating bench to bedside
Advancing human health: Targeting immune resilience
Informed regulatory decisions: Shaping policies and guidelines
Therapeutic innovation: Navigating new avenues
Future directions and ethical considerations
Advancements on the horizon
Single-cell analyses: A microscopic glimpse into macroscopic responses
Multiomics integration: The symphony of molecular data
Artificial intelligence-driven approaches: Navigating the data deluge
Ethical implications
Privacy concerns: Guarding individual data
Data sharing and accessibility: Balancing transparency and control
Biases and fairness: Unmasking hidden influences
Conclusion
Chapter 10. Microarray analysis to decipher the effects of immunosuppressive compounds in gene expression modulations
Introduction
Impact of immunosuppressive compounds on gene expression
Impact of immunosuppressive compounds on antigen presentation and dendritic cell pathways
Cardiac allograft rejection and immunosuppressive therapy
Immunosuppressive agents inhibit gene expression of activated human peripheral blood T cells
Effects of SR31747A (an immunosuppressive agent) on gene expression in yeast
Impact of immunosuppressive compounds on human antiaspergillus TH1 cells
Impact of immunosuppressants on expression of CD154
Chapter 11. Successful use of immunotoxicogenomics as a screening tool
Introduction
The toxicogenomics strategy
Omics-based immunotoxicity approaches
Profiling gene expression/transcriptomics
Proteomics
Phosphoproteomics
RNA-sequencing
Molecular genomics
siRNA and miRNA gene expression regulators
Comparative evaluation of immunotoxicants
Discussion and conclusion
Chapter 12. Network and pathway analysis of toxicogenomics data
Introduction
Toxicogenomic databases
Use of genomics techniques to screen for potential immunotoxic effects
Summary and conclusions
Chapter 13. The current status and future trends in immunotoxicogenomics
Introduction
Immunosuppression
Immunoenhancement
Genomics techniques for screening latent immunotoxicological effects
Existing in vivo models to estimate immunotoxicity
In vitro assessment of immunotoxicity
Genomics techniques used to regulate the mode or mechanisms of immunotoxicant action
Use of immunotoxicogenomics data in the risk assessment process
Functional assays
Innate immunity
Cytokine production
The whole blood assay
Immunogenicity of biological
Conclusion
Index

Md. Naimat Ali

Md. Niamat Ali, MPhil, PhD is Director and Professor at the Centre of Research for Development at the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India. After completing his doctorate in Zoology (Specialization in Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology) at Aligarh Muslim University, he worked there as a Research Associate. He later joined the Department of Zoology at the University of Kashmir. Prof. Ali has more than 29 years of research experience and 25 years of teaching experience in Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Toxicogenomics, Human Genomics and Proteomics, Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine, Radiation Biology and Gene Therapy, Cell and Tissue Culture Technology among other topics. He is a Life Member of Indian Science Congress Association and Environmental Mutagen Society of India. He has authored numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals and multiple book chapters in edited volumes with international publishers. He serves on the editorial board and as a reviewer for several high-impact international scientific journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Director and Faculty Member, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Shafat Ali

Shafat Ali (Ph.D.) pursued his BSc. from University of Kashmir and Masters in Zoology from Barkatullah Vishwavidyalaya, India. Currently he is engaged in research work for last 5 years at Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, and ICMR funded Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, with specialization in the field of reproductive immunogenetics, cytokine biology, gynaecology and obstetrics, molecular biology, cancer biology and cytogenetics. He has 5 years of research experience and 5 years of teaching experience. He has more than 20 book chapters, several edited books and numerous peer-reviewed, international research publications to his credit. Mr. Ali is also the reviewer of many reputed international journals. Presently, Mr. Ali is involved in studying immunogenetic mechanisms involved in recurrent pregnancy loss

Affiliations and expertise

Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Muneeb U Rehman

Muneeb U Rehman (Ph.D.) is a Faculty member at College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He holds a doctorate in Toxicology (specialization in cancer biology and natural product research) from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. Dr. Rehman has more than 10 years of research and teaching experience in the field of toxicology, cancer biology, natural product pharmacology and pharmacogenomics. He is the recipient of several national and international fellowships and awards. He has published more than 100 research papers in peer-reviewed, international journals, and has 5 edited books and 30 book chapters. Dr. Rehman is on the editorial boards and is a reviewer of several high-impact, international scientific journals. He is also a life member of various international societies and organizations. Currently, Dr. Rehman is engaged in studying the molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by natural products and the role of pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics in evaluating the effectiveness and safety of drugs.

Affiliations and expertise

College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Immunotoxicogenomics

A Multidisciplinary Approach in Systems Toxicology

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Md. Naimat Ali

Shafat Ali

Muneeb U Rehman