Immunogenetics: A Molecular and Clinical Overview

Clinical Applications of Immunogenetics

1st Edition - March 24, 2022
Editors: Muneeb U Rehman, Azher Arafah, Md. Niamat Ali, Shafat Ali
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 2 5 0 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 2 5 1 - 9

Clinical Applications of Immunogenetics: Immunogenetics: A Molecular and Clinical Overview, Volume II provides readers with an exclusive, updated overview of scientific knowledge… Read more

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Clinical Applications of Immunogenetics: Immunogenetics: A Molecular and Clinical Overview, Volume II provides readers with an exclusive, updated overview of scientific knowledge, achievements and findings in the field of immunogenetics. In thirteen chapters, the book gives insights in new advancements and approaches in viral and autoimmune diseases. Specific chapters are dedicated to immunogenetic mechanisms in the treatment of immune disorders, cancer, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, other chapters cover immunogenomics in precision medicine, clinical medicine and transplantation. Finally, a special chapter, COVID-19: A novel challenge to human immune-genetic machinery, updates on thoughts surrounding the pandemic.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Chapter 1. Immunogenetics and its utility in therapeutics
Abstract
Introduction
Immunogenetics
Classification of major histocompatibility complex
Distribution of major histocompatibility complex
Importance of major histocompatibility complex
Classification of human leukocyte antigen complex
Importance of human leukocyte antigen allele system
Methods for detecting antigens and alleles
Human leukocyte antigen system nomenclature
Immunogenetics and inherited multifactorial diseases and disorders
Immunogenetics and spectrum of immune disorders
Autoimmune diseases
Neurological diseases
Infectious diseases
Bacterial infection
Parasitic infections
Immunosenescence
Immunogenetics and vaccine design
Immunogenetics and response to vaccination
Immunogenetics, prevention and its utility in the treatment
Challenges in vaccine development
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2. Immunogenetics in the diagnosis of clinical disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Human leukocyte antigen class I and class II
Association of human leukocyte antigen region with disease
Limitations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Immunogenetic markers as prognostic tools for the management of various human diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Biologic markers
Cytokines
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Tumor necrosis factor
Interferon-γ
Chemokines
Immunogenetic markers in auto-immune disorders
Systemic lupus erythematous
Integrin alpha M, FCGR2A, vitamin D receptor, interleukin-6 polymorphism
Immunogenetic markers of multiple sclerosis
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Major histocompatibility complex markers
Nonmajor histocompatibility complex markers
Myasthenia gravis
Human leukocyte antigen and myasthenia gravis
Immunoglobulins and myasthenia gravis
Epigenetic processes and myasthenia gravis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Immunogenetic disorders: treatment with phytomedicines
Abstract
Introduction
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Treatment of immunogenetic diseases by phytocompounds
Echinacea purpurea
Lithospermum erythrorhizon
Dioscorea family
Phytochemicals/photocompounds: regulators of immunity
Alkaloids
Terpenoids
Polysaccharides
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Understanding the immunogenetics of human viral diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Human leukocyte antigen
Human leukocyte antigen and infectious diseases
Viral infections
Human leukocyte antigen and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Dengue viruses
Dengue
Clinical manifestations of dengue
Dengue fever
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Dengue shock syndrome
Dengue and human leukocyte antigen
Hantavirus
Hantavirus pathogenesis and host immunity
Hantavirus and human leukocyte antigen
COVID-19
COVID-19 and human leukocyte antigen
Signaling pathways
Toll like receptor pathway
Nuclear factor kappa beta pathway
JAK-STAT pathway
Protein kinase-C-mediated pathway
Ras-MAP kinase pathway
PI3K-AKT pathway
Vaccinomics and adversomics: immunogenetics and vaccination response
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. MicroRNAs as potential immunotherapeutic modulators in cancer
Abstract
Introduction
microRNAs biogenesis
Gene expression regulation by microRNAs
microRNAs in cancer immunotherapy
microRNAs as immunotherapeutic targets or agents
Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 7. Immunogenetic perspective of inflammatory disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Mediators of inflammation
Pathways of inflammatory response
Nuclear factor kappa-B pathway
MAPK pathway
JAK–STAT pathway
NETosis, inflammation, and autoimmunity: a triangular relationship
Immunogenetics of inflammatory disorders
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Immunogenetic mechanism driving neurological and neurodegenerative disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Major histocompatibility complex region and neurological disease
Various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders
Innate immune response and neurodegeneration
Adaptive immune response and neurodegeneration
References
Chapter 9. Human leukocyte antigen-typing: a significant immunogenetic application in clinical medicine
Abstract
Introduction
Classification of human leukocyte antigen molecules
Human leukocyte antigen-typing
Clinical applications of human leukocyte antigen typing
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Immunogenomics: a potential approach for precision medicine
Abstract
Introduction to immunogenomics
Available immunogenomic technologies in immunotherapy-based personalized medicine
Biomarker identification from immunogenomics
Neoantigens
High-throughput T cell receptor sequencing
T cell receptor and B cell receptor sequencing with next-generation sequencers
Changes in T cell during immunotherapy
Immunotherapy by neoantigen-specific T cell receptor
Assessment of immune biomarkers by genomic tools
Discovery of immunotherapy biomarkers guided by immunogenomics
Future directions
References
Chapter 11. Rheumatoid arthritis: immunogenetic factors and immune therapies
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Funding
Conflict of interest
Author contributions
References
Chapter 12. Covid-19: a novel challenge to human immune genetic machinery
Abstract
Introduction
Patient presentation
Receptor
Structure of Corona virus
Fatality
Role of comorbid illnesses in Covid-19
Treatment modalities
Emergence of vaccines
Molecular aspects of corona virus
Exosomes
Immune cell development and importance of micro RNAs
Other roles of micro RNA
Immune response
Hypersensitivity reactions
Cytokine storm
Cytokine release syndrome
Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 13. Immunogenetic mechanisms in the treatment of cancer
Abstract
Introduction of cancer
Immune regulation of cancer
Immune evasion in cancer: therapeutic strategies
Future perspectives
References
Chapter 14. Transplantation immunogenetics
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Innate and adaptive immunities
Transplantation antigens
The major histocompatibility complex
The impact of non-human leukocyte antigens immunogenetics on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain genes and HSCT
Minor histocompatibility antigens and HSCT
The allogeneic immune response
Clinical applications of transplantation immunogenetics
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Immunognetics: a tool for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in immune disorders
Abstract
Introduction
The genetic architecture of human major histocompatibility complex
Constraints in mapping major histocompatibility complex genes
The international immunognetics information system
Immunognetics and inherited risk of multifactorial diseases
Immunognetics and the spectrum of immune disorders
Autoimmune diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune thyroid diseases
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
Infectious diseases
Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection
Tuberculosis
Immunognetics and immunosenescence
Immunognetics of atopic diseases
Vaccinomics and adversomics: immunognetics and response to vaccination
Immunoassay techniques in immunognetics diseases
Multiplex Western blot
Capillary electrophoresis and capillary Western blotting
Microfluidic Western blotting
Dot blot
Far-Western blotting
Protein microarray
Luminex xMAP array
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16. Therapeutic approaches of immunogenetic molecules in inflammatory bowel disease management
Abstract
Introduction
Targeting proinflammatory mediators’ pathways in inflammatory bowel disease theuraptic management
Molecular biological drugs
Conclusion
References
Further reading
Index

Muneeb U Rehman

Muneeb U Rehman (Ph.D.) is a Faculty member at College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He holds a doctorate in Toxicology (specialization in cancer biology and natural product research) from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. Dr. Rehman has more than 10 years of research and teaching experience in the field of toxicology, cancer biology, natural product pharmacology and pharmacogenomics. He is the recipient of several national and international fellowships and awards. He has published more than 100 research papers in peer-reviewed, international journals, and has 5 edited books and 30 book chapters. Dr. Rehman is on the editorial boards and is a reviewer of several high-impact, international scientific journals. He is also a life member of various international societies and organizations. Currently, Dr. Rehman is engaged in studying the molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by natural products and the role of pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics in evaluating the effectiveness and safety of drugs.

Affiliations and expertise

College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Azher Arafah

Azher Arafah works in the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Md. Niamat Ali

Md. Niamat Ali (M. Phil, Ph.D.) is Director and Faculty member at Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India. After completing his doctorate in Zoology (Specialization in Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India in 1994. He worked as Research Associate and Pool Officer (CSIR, New Delhi) at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India till 2002. Later He joined Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India and worked there till 2013. Prof. Ali has more than 29 years of research experience and 25 years of teaching experience in Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Toxicogenomics, Human Genomics and Proteomics, Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine, Radiation Biology and Gene Therapy, Cell and Tissue Culture Technology and Ageing Biology, PCR and DNA Fingerprinting Technology, FISH Technology and Comet Assay and Biostatistics. He is the recipient of several fellowships and awards at both national and international levels. He is a Life Member of Indian Science Congress Association and Environmental Mutagen Society of India, India. Prof. Ali is handling many projects of national and international importance. He also has to his credit 65 research publications in peer-reviewed international journals and multiple book chapters in edited volumes with international publishers. Prof. Ali is on editorial board panel and reviewer of several high-impact international scientific journals from Springer, Elsevier and John Wiley. He also has served as Executive Editor of Journal/ Editor Souvenir and Abstract Book for Seminar and Conference/ Workshop Guide Books. Currently, Prof. Ali is involved in studying vermin-technology, eco-toxicology, fish toxicology, DNA bar-coding, cancer biology, congenital human diseases, immunogenetic mechanisms of Recurrent Pregnancy loss etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Shafat Ali

Shafat Ali (Ph.D.) pursued his BSc. from University of Kashmir and Masters in Zoology from Barkatullah Vishwavidyalaya, India. Currently he is engaged in research work for last 5 years at Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, and ICMR funded Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, with specialization in the field of reproductive immunogenetics, cytokine biology, gynaecology and obstetrics, molecular biology, cancer biology and cytogenetics. He has 5 years of research experience and 5 years of teaching experience. He has more than 20 book chapters, several edited books and numerous peer-reviewed, international research publications to his credit. Mr. Ali is also the reviewer of many reputed international journals. Presently, Mr. Ali is involved in studying immunogenetic mechanisms involved in recurrent pregnancy loss

Affiliations and expertise

Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India