II–VI Compounds

Preface

Acknowledgments

List of Symbols and Abbreviations


1. Fundamental Nature of II-VI Compounds


1.1. Introduction


1.2. Crystallographic Form


1.2.1. Lattice Sites


1.2.2. Crystal Structures


1.3. Bonding Mechanisms


1.3.1. Covalent Bond


1.3.2. Mixed covalent-Ionic Bond


1.3.3. Neutral Bond


1.3.4. Representation of the Chemical Bond Character


1.4. Energy Band Structure Related to the Brillouin Zone


1.4.1. Diamond and Zinc Blende Structures


1.4.2. Wurtzite Structure


2. Preparation and Single-Crystal Growth


2.1. Purification of the Elements


2.2. Phase Equilibria


2.3. Preparation of the Compounds


2.4. Single-Crystal Preparation


2.4.1. Vapour Phase Growth


2.4.2. Melt Growth


2.4.3. Thin Film Growth


2.5. Surface Treatment of Single- and Poly-Crystal Specimens


3. Fundamental Optical Properties


3.1. The Absorption Edge


3.1.1. General Features


3.1.2. Experimental Methods


3.1.3. Experimental Results


3.2. Lattice Absorption


3.3. Edge Emission


3.3.1. Intrinsic and Defect Emission


3.3.2. Exciton emission


3.4. Reflectivity Measurements and Higher Energy Bands


3.4.1. Zinc Blende Structure


3.4.2. Wurtzite Structure


3.5. Band Structure


3.6. Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index


4. Luminescence


4.1. General Features of Luminescence


4.2. Photoluminescence


4.2.1. Self-Activated Emission


4.2.2. Copper-Activated emission


4.2.3. Transition Metal Associated Emission


4.2.4. Emission Activated by other Impurity elements


4.3. Thermoluminescence


4.3.1. Theoretical foundations of Thermoluminescent Emission


4.3.2. Evaluation of the Thermoluminescent Emission Curves


4.3.3. Experimentally Observed Glow Curves


4.4. Electroluminescence


4.4.1. A.C. Electroluminescence in ZnS-Type Powders


4.4.2. Electroluminescence in Single Crystals and Thin Films


5. Photoconductivity and Associated Behaviour


5.1. Background Ideas of Photoconductivity and their Relevance to II-VI Compounds


5.1.1. Photosensitivity


5.1.2. Spectral Distribution and Speed of Response


5.1.3. Thermal and Optical Quenching of Photoconductivity


5.1.4. Trapping States


5.2. Particular Photoconductive Characteristics of the II-VI Compounds


5.2.1. Cadmium sulphide


5.2.2. Cadmium selenide and CdS-CdSe Solid Solutions


5.2.3. Cadmium Telluride and CdTe-HgTe Solid Solutions


5.2.4. Zinc Chalcogenides


6. Transport Properties


6.1. General Considerations in Transport Phenomena


6.1.1. Effective Mass


6.1.2. Carrier Scattering Mechanisms


6.2. Electrical Conductivity and Hall Effect


6.2.1. Basic Concepts


6.2.2. Experimental Observations


6.3. Magnetoresistance and Magneto-Hall Effect


6.4. Other Galvanomagnetic and Thermomagnetic Effects


6.4.1. Seebeck Effect


6.4.2. Thermomagnetic Effects


6.4.3. Helicon Oscillations and Cyclotron Resonance


6.5. Thermal Conductivity


7. Applications of I-VI Compounds


7.1. Elementary Applications


7.1.1. Photosensitive


7.1.2. Luminescence


7.1.3. Optical Transmission


7.2. Lasers


7.2.1. General Principles


7.2.2. Pumping Mechanisms


7.2.3. Possible Uses


7.3. Electrophotography


7.3.1. Selection of Material for Electrofax


7.3.2. Fundamental Features of Electrofax Layers


7.3.3. Image Formation in Electrofax Layers


7.4. Space Charge Limited Devices


7.4.1. Basic Device Principles


7.4.2. Integrated Thin Film Scan Generator


7.5. Gunn Effect Devices


7.6. Ultrasonic Amplification


7.7. Solar Cells


7.8. Thermoelectric, Thermomagnetic and Galvanomagnetic Applications


7.8.1. Thermoelectric


7.8.2. Thermomagnetic


7.8.3. Galvanomagnetic


7.9. Image Intensifiers


7.9.1. Single Layer Intensifier


7.9.2. Double Layer Intensifier


7.9.3. Complex Layer Intensifier


7.9.4. Image Storage

Index