Identification of Neural Markers Accompanying Memory

Dedication

List of Contributors

1. Introduction

Neurotransmitters and Memory: Introduction

References

2. Neurotransmitters and Memory: Cholinergic, Glutamatergic, GaBAergic, Dopaminergic, Serotonergic, Signaling, and Memory

Neurotransmitters and Memory

5-HT Systems and Neurobiological Markers Related to Memory Systems

5-HT Neural Markers and Memory

Brain Areas, Biochemical Pathways, Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of 5-HT Receptor Drugs

5-HT Pathways, Receptors, and Transporter: Memory Functions and Dysfunctions

Protocols of Training/Testing, Memory Tasks, and Drugs

Loci, Mechanisms of Action, and Memory Tasks

Memory Tasks and Signaling

Brain Areas, Neurotransmitters Systems, Drugs: Cognitive and Behavioral Demand of Memory Tasks and Protocols of Training: a Final Consideration

Signaling and Memory

Acknowledgments

References

3. The Role of GABA in Memory Processes

Introduction

GABA Receptors

GABA and Its Correlation with Memory

References

4. Involvement of Glutamate in Learning and Memory

Introduction*

Glutamate Receptors

Glutamate, Memory, and HF

Conclusions

References

5. Dopamine and Memory

Pharmacology of Dopamine

Anatomy of the Dopaminergic System

Basal Ganglia

Working Memory

Reinforcement Learning

Dopamine and Neural Plasticity

Dopamine and Memory Consolidation

Conclusions

References

6. Unpacking Memory Processes: Using the Attribute Model to Design Optimal Memory Tests for Rodent Models

Introduction

Attribute Model

Applying the Attribute Model

Conclusions

References

7. Protein Synthesis and Memory: A Word of Caution

Acknowledgments

References

8. Basic Elements of Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Chemical Neurotransmission

Introduction

Some Central Concepts on Cell-to-Cell Communication

G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

GPCR Activation

G-Proteins

Receptor Desensitization

β-Arrestin-Dependent Signaling

Small GTPases

The Second Messengers

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

Inositol 1,4,5 Triphosphate

Calcium

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

The Transcription Factors

Epigenetic Modifications

References

9. A Role for Learning and Memory in the Expression of an Innate Behavior: The Case of Copulatory Behavior

Introduction

Male Rat Sexual Behavior

Effects of Sexual Experience on Copulatory Behavior Expression

Effects of Sexual Experience on Brain Functioning

Brain Regions Involved in Sexual Experience-Induced Behavioral Changes

Conclusions

References

10. Memory Disorders: The Diabetes Case

Introduction

Glucose Regulation, Diabetes, and AD

Insulin, IR, and AD

Apolipoprotein E and AD

Cholesterol and AD

Caffeine and AD

Conclusions

References