Human Ecology and Infectious Diseases

1st Edition - January 28, 1983
Editors: Neil A. Croll, John H Cross
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 3 7 7 6 - 3
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 1 9 6 8 8 0 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 7 9 3 - 7

Human Ecology and Infectious Diseases investigates the interrelationships among human behavior, ecology, and infectious diseases, with emphasis on parasitic and zoonotic diseases.… Read more

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Human Ecology and Infectious Diseases investigates the interrelationships among human behavior, ecology, and infectious diseases, with emphasis on parasitic and zoonotic diseases. The cultural, behavioral, anthropological, and social factors in the transmission of infectious diseases are discussed, along with methods used to make human ecology a more quantitative predictive science in the global challenge of such diseases. Behavioral patterns that place humans at risk to infections and the nature of risk factors are also analyzed. Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with an overview of some of the research into those aspects of human behavior that determine risk of helminth infection. The discussion then turns to studies on hookworm and includes an analysis of human behavior and religions that affect transmission of the parasitoses. Human behavior and transmission of zoonotic diseases in North America and Malaysia are documented as are the habits, customs, and superstitions associated with the epidemic of intestinal capillariasis that occurred in the Philippines. Filarial diseases in Southeast Asia are also reviewed, along with the changing patterns of parasitic infections and the cooperation of government and the private sector to lower infection rates in Japan. Cases from Nigeria and Brazil are considered as well. The volume concludes with an assessment of the importance of behavioral and socialcultural factors in determining regional and national patterns in disease incidence and transmission. This monograph should be valuable to students of tropical diseases and public health and to physicians, epidemiologists, anthropologists, veterinarians, and parasitologists.

Contributors

Preface

1. Human Behavior, Parasites, and Infectious Diseases

I. Introduction

II. The Measurement of Individual Behavioral Actions as Risk Factors of Infection

III. Overdispersion of Helminths as a Consequence of Exposure and Susceptibility

IV. The Distribution of Helminths in Communities and its Association with Socioagricultural Practices

V. Culture, Attitudes, and Human Behavior

VI. Complexity, Diversity, and Sociocultural Integration

References

2. Human Behavior and Parasitic Zoonoses in North America

I. Introduction

II. Trichinosis

III. Cystic Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis)

IV. Alveolar Hydatid Disease

V. Toxocariasis

References

3. Human Behavior and Zoonotic Diseases in Malaysia

I. Introduction

II. Some Important Zoonotic Diseases

III. Summary

References

4. Filariasis in Southeast Asia

I. Introduction

II. Historical Background

III. Morphology

IV. Vectors

V. Important Mosquito Vectors and their Relationship to Human Ecology

VI. Life Cycles

VII. Periodicity

VIII. Clinical Signs

IX. Epidemiology

X. Laboratory Diagnosis

XI. Distribution in Southeast Asia

XII. Conclusions

References

5. Intestinal Capillariasis in the Philippines and Thailand

I. Introduction

II. History

III. Distribution and Prevalence

IV. Climate

V. Parasite

VI. Experimental Life Cycle

VII. Disease

VIII. Pathology

IX. Diagnosis

X. Treatment

XI. Transmission

XII. Occupation and Habits

XIII. Sanitation

XIV. Comments

References

6. Changing Patterns of Parasitic Infections in Japan

I. Introduction

II. Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases: Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, and Whipworm Infections

III. Endemic Helminthic Infections

IV. Parasitic Infections through Marine and Anadromous Fishes

V. Other Helminthic Infections

VI. Protozoan Diseases

VII. Conclusion

References

7. Parasite Control Activities in Japan: Government-Expert-Private Sector Partnership

I. Introduction

II. Tokyo Parasite Control Association

III. Government Attitude

IV. Establishment of Japan Association of Parasite Control

V. Government Policy and Programs

VI. Factors Contributing to the Decrease in Parasitic Infections

VII. Preventive Medicine

VIII. International Cooperation in Parasitic Control

IX. Conclusion

References

8. Human Ecology and the Distribution and Abundance of Hookworm Populations

I. Introduction and General Ecological Background

II. The Ecology of Interacting Human and Hookworm Populations in Rural West Bengal

III. Implications for Control

IV. Relevance for Socioeconomic Development

References

9. The Human Environment and Helminth Infections: A Biomedical Study of Four Nigerian Villages

I. Introduction

II. The Communities

III. Description of Village Sanitation

IV. Endemic Helminth Infections

V. Socioeconomic and Behavioral Factors and Intensity of Infections

VI. Strategies for Control of Helminthiases in Rural Nigeria

VII. Conclusion

References

10. The Transmission of Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection to Man and its Control

I. Introduction

II. Transmission to Man without the Insect Vector

III. Transmission to Man by the Insect Vector

IV. Transmission Cycles Involving Bugs and Animals and their Relevance to Man

V. Behavior of Domestic Bug Populations

VI. Human Ecology and Trypanosoma Cruzi Transmission

VII. Control of Domestic Transmission

VIII. A Concluding Perspective

References

11. Paleoparasitology: On the Origins and Impact of Human-Helminth Relationships

I. Introduction

II. Sources and Limitations of Evidence

III. General Consideration of the Evolution and Life Cycles of Hominoid Parasites

IV. Heirlooms and Souvenirs: A Probable Helminthofaunal Succession in the Transition from Arboreal Monkeys and Apes to Terrestrial Hominids

V. Human Inventions and Interventions in the Adaptive Evolution of Helminth Parasites

References

12. Brucellosis in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Practical Problems of Control

I. Introduction

II. Description of Nigeria and Information on Livestock Activities

III. Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Nigeria

IV. Prevention and Control of Brucellosis in Nigeria

References

13. Epidemiology Patterns in Directly Transmitted Human Infections

I. Introduction

II. Theoretical Background

III. Childhood Viral and Bacterial Diseases

IV. Implications for Control

V. Discussion

References

Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Human Ecology and Infectious Diseases

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John H Cross