Heart Disease: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Clinics Collections

1st Edition, Volume 13C - April 24, 2023
Editor: Joel J. Heidelbaugh
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 2 9 3 9 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 2 9 4 0 - 7

Clinics Collections: Heart Disease draws from Elsevier’s robust Clinics Review Articles database to provide multidisciplinary teams, including cardiologists, surgeons, endocr… Read more

Heart Disease: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Clinics Collections: Heart Disease draws from Elsevier’s robust Clinics Review Articles database to provide multidisciplinary teams, including cardiologists, surgeons, endocrinologists, and pediatricians, with practical clinical advice on this highly prevalent disease and its comorbidities.

Clinics Collections: Heart Disease guides readers on how to apply current best practices in the treatment of depression to everyday practice to help overcome patient challenges and complications, keep up with new and advanced treatment methods, and improve patient outcomes.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
Pediatric Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Key points
Introduction
Cause of congenital heart disease
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease
Normal fetal and transitional circulation
Pulse oximetry screening
Neonatal presentations of congenital heart disease
Neonatal congenital heart disease requiring emergent intervention
Ductal-dependent lesions not requiring emergent intervention
Other neonatal congenital heart disease presentations
Longitudinal follow-up issues in the child with congenital heart disease
Summary
Clinics care points
Pediatric Hypertension
Key points
Introduction
Etiology and risk factors for development
Evaluation
Management
Discussion
Clinics care points
Preparticipation Cardiac Evaluation from the Pediatric Perspective
Key points
Introduction
Cases
What is the purpose of preparticipation evaluation?
Differences in incidence and causes of sudden cardiac arrest
Differences in phenotype presentation
Who should be evaluated and when should it start?
Where do preparticipation evaluations occur?
The components of the preparticipation evaluation
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosures
The Risk of Sudden Unexpected Cardiac Death in Children: Epidemiology, Clinical Causes, and Prevention
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology
Causes
Prevention
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Adult Heart Disease
Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A 2022 Update
Key points
Introduction
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment
Traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculators
Risk-enhancing factors
Atherosclerosis imaging
Advanced lipid testing
Endocrine Society’s 2020 Lipid Management Guideline
Future directions
Clinics care points
Race and Modifiable Factors Influencing Cardiovascular Disease
Key points
Introduction
Summary
Clinics Care Points
Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women
Key points
Introduction
Incidence and risk
Pregnancy related
Autoimmune diseases
Breast cancer
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Menopause
Traditional risk factors
Diabetes
Smoking and obesity
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Testing
Exercise treadmill stress test
Echocardiogram
Myocardial perfusion imaging
Cardiac MRI
Cardiac computed tomography
Therapeutics
Summary
Clinics care points
Drug Interactions: What Are Important Drug Interactions for the Most Commonly Used Medications in Preventive Cardiology?
Key points
Introduction
Discussion
Summary
Clinics care points
Heart-Healthy Diets and the Cardiometabolic Jackpot
Key points
Introduction
Discussion: heart-healthy diet guidelines
Current evidence on popular diets
The cardiometabolic jackpot
Special considerations
Summary
Clinics care points
Supplementary data
The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Preventive Cardiology
Key points
Introduction
Physical activity, exercise, and cardiorespiratory fitness
Physical activity and decreased atherosclerotic vascular disease risk
How does physical activity reduce coronary artery disease events?
Exercise effects on atherosclerotic vascular disease risk factors
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation
Clinics care points
Management of Coronary Artery Disease
Key points
Background
Patient evaluation and overview
Determination of pretest risk
Approach to testing
Exercise versus pharmacologic testing
Testing modalities
Medical treatment options
Surgical and interventional treatment options
Combined therapy
Treatment failure and complications
Innovative approaches and new developments
Evaluation of outcome and long-term recommendations
Summary
Clinics care points
Approach to the Patient with a Murmur
Key points
Introduction
Auscultation in valvular heart disease
Clinics care points
Summary
Supplementary data
Medical Management of Peripheral Artery Disease
Key points
Introduction
Smoking cessation
Lipid-lowering therapy
Hypertension
Antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy
Other therapies
Future directions
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
The Effects of Testosterone Treatment on Cardiovascular Health
Key points
Introduction
Physiologic effects of testosterone on cardiovascular health
Effects of testosterone on blood pressure
Effects of testosterone on serum lipid parameters
Effects of Testosterone on Venous Thromboembolism
Effects of testosterone on glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes
The effects of testosterone treatment on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events
Summary
Clinics care points
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease
Key points
Introduction and background
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea
Pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease with obstructive sleep apnea
Clinical presentation of obstructive sleep apnea with cardiovascular disease
Impact of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea on cardiovascular disease
Electrophysiological effects of obstructive sleep apnea
Sinus node dysfunction, atrioventricular block, and obstructive sleep apnea
Clinics care points
Management of Dyslipidemia in Endocrine Diseases
Key points
Introduction/history/definitions/background
Case study
Discussion
Other lipid-influencing endocrine diagnoses
Summary
Clinics care points
Role of Lipid Management in Women’s Health Preventive Care
Key points
Introduction
Pregnancy
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Contraception
Menopause transition
Summary
New and Emerging Therapies for Dyslipidemia
Key points
Introduction
Patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk equivalent and elevated level of LDL-C (Orion-1, -10, and -11)
Patients with homozygous hypercholesterolemia (Orion-2) and heterozygous hypercholesterolemia (Orion-9)
Selective peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha modulators
Apolipoprotein C-III targeting approaches
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 targeting approaches
Lipoprotein (a)-lowering approaches: antisense oligonucleotide and small interfering RNA against apolipoprotein (a)
Summary
Clinics care points
LDL Cholesterol—How Low Can We Go?
Key points
Introduction
Cholesterol transport
Low cholesterol states
Utility of reducing LDL-C below 40 mg/dL
Discussion
Summary
Clinical pearls
Disclosure
High-Density Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Disease—Where do We Stand?
Key points
Introduction. Brief history of high-density lipoprotein discovery, nomenclature, and complexity
High-density lipoprotein metabolism
Mechanisms by which high-density lipoprotein might be atheroprotective
Epidemiology and genetics of high-density lipoprotein in relation to cardiovascular disease
Inherited disorders of high-density lipoprotein metabolism and their relationship to atherosclerosis
Fibrates
Niacin
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors
Apolipoprotein A-I infusions
Apolipoprotein A-I mimetics
Where do we go from here?
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Current Status of Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Therapy in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Key points
Introduction
Diverse pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and its phenotype
Efforts to increase the accuracy of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction diagnosis
Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment
Summary
Clinics care points
Telehealth in Heart Failure
Key points
Introduction
Summary
Clinics care points
Hypertension and Heart Failure: Prevention, Targets, and Treatment
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology
From hypertension to heart failure
Blood pressure targets
Pharmacotherapy
Lifestyle modifications
Summary
Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Prognosis, and Management
Key points
Introduction
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation–heart failure
Pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation–heart failure
Shared risk factors
Heart failure promotes incident atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation promotes incident heart failure
Prognostic implications of atrial fibrillation–heart failure
Atrial fibrillation and heart failure with midrange ejection fraction
Management of atrial fibrillation–heart failure
Management of atrial fibrillation–heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Management of atrial fibrillation–heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Summary
Clinics Care Points
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURES
Atrial Fibrillation in Valvular Heart Disease
Key points
Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in rheumatic heart disease
Incidence of atrial fibrillation in rheumatic heart disease
Sequel of atrial fibrillation
Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in rheumatic heart disease
Predictors for atrial fibrillation in rheumatic heart disease
Structurally remodeling in mitral stenosis
Electroanatomical remodeling of the atria in rheumatic mitral stenosis
Acute effects reversal of chronic atrial stretch reversal on left and right atrial electrical remodeling
Long-term effects of chronic atrial stretch reversal
Spatiotemporal organization and electrogram fractionation
Remodeling of pulmonary veins due to chronic stretch
Summary
The Cardiorenal Syndrome in Heart Failure
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiologic and prognostic considerations
Mechanisms of fluid accumulation in heart failure and the cardiorenal syndrome
Pathophysiologic events in the kidney in the setting of heart failure
Contributions of the abdominal circulation to the cardiorenal syndrome in heart failure
Methods for the assessment of fluid volume in the cardiorenal syndrome occurring in heart failure
Refractoriness to diuretics in heart failure
Extracorporeal ultrafiltration
Novel strategies to overcome diuretic resistance
Summary

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