Headache and Migraine Biology and Management

1st Edition - March 13, 2015
Editors: Seymour Diamond, Roger K. Cady, Merle L. Diamond, Mark W. Green, Vincent T. Martin
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 9 0 1 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 1 1 6 2 - 1

There are two crucial issues in the treatment and management of headache patients: More than 50% of individuals experiencing headache have only been treated symptomatically, wi… Read more

Headache and Migraine Biology and Management

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There are two crucial issues in the treatment and management of headache patients: More than 50% of individuals experiencing headache have only been treated symptomatically, with no appropriate diagnosis established; and history and neurologic examination are essential to establishing a diagnosis, and thus selecting appropriate therapy.

Headache and Migraine Biology and Management is a practical text that addresses these issues, featuring contributions from expert clinical authors. The book covers in detail topics including chronic and episodic migraine, post-traumatic headache, sinus headache, cluster headache, tension headache, and others. Chapters are also dedicated to treatment subjects, including psychiatric and psychological approaches, medication overuse, inpatient treatment, and pediatric issues.

This book is an ideal resource for researchers and clinicians, uniting practical discussion of headache biology, current ideas on etiology, future research, and genetic significance and breakthroughs. This resource is useful to those who want to understand headache biology, treat and manage symptoms, and for those performing research in the headache field.

Dedication
Preface
About the Editor
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction – The History of Headache
- Introduction
- The Ancients
- The Middle Ages
- The 16th to 19th Centuries
- The 20th Century Onwards
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 2. Classification, Mechanism, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Headache
- Classification
- Mechanisms of Migraine-Associated Symptoms
- Mechanisms of Migraine Triggers and Risk Factors
- Genetics and Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
- References
Chapter 3. Evaluation of the Headache Patient in the Computer Age
- Evaluation of the Headache Patient
- The Headache History
- Examination of a Headache Patient
- Testing
- Computer-Assisted History Taking
- Telemedicine
- Summary
- References
Chapter 4. Screening and Testing of the Headache Patient
- Introduction
- Neuroimaging
- Lumbar Puncture
- Electroencephalography
- Laboratory Studies
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 5. Overview of Migraine: Recognition, Diagnosis, and Pathophysiology
- Recognition of Migraine
- History of Migraine
- Epidemiology of Migraine
- Acephalgic Attacks
- The Spectrum of Migraine Attacks
- The Diagnosis of Migraine
- Precipitating Factors
- Secondary Headaches
- Pathophysiology
- Comorbidities of Migraine
- The Inheritance of Migraine
- Progression of Migraine
- Complications of Migraine
- References
Chapter 6. Complicated Migraine
- Introduction
- Types of Migraine Auras and “Complicated Migraine”
- Visual Disturbances in Migraine
- Transient Global Amnesia
- CADASIL
- HaNDL Syndrome
- Migralepsy and Occipital Seizures
- Unusual Sensory Complications of Migraine
- Is Angiography Safe in Migraine?
- Treatment of Complicated Migraine
- References
Chapter 7. Cerebrovascular Disease and Migraine
- Introduction
- The Biology Behind the Relationship
- Neuroimaging
- The Relationship Between Migraines and Secondary Causes of Stroke
- The Diagnostic Challenge
- Summary
- References
Chapter 8. Acute and Preventative Treatment of Episodic Migraine
- Part 1
- Part 2
- Part 3
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 9. Chronic Migraine: Diagnosis and Management
- Introduction
- Recognition of Chronic Migraine
- Challenges and Implication of Defining a Diagnosis for Chronic Migraine
- Epidemiology and Natural History of Chronic Migraine
- Epigenetic Considerations in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Migraine
- Diagnosis of Chronic Migraine
- The Successful Management of Chronic Migraine
- Non-Pharmacological Management of Chronic Migraine
- Pharmacological Management of Chronic Migraine
- Continuity of Care
- Consultation and Referral
- Putting IT Together
- Summary
- Appendix
- References
Chapter 10. Gender-Based Issues in Headache
- Introduction
- Menstrual Migraine
- Contraception and Migraine
- Pregnancy and Migraine
- Lactation
- Menopause
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 11. Cluster Headache
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Diagnostic Classification and Clinical Description
- Circadian and Circannual Features
- Other Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias
- Pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 12. Tension-Type Headache
- Classification
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnostic Testing
- Epidemiology and Impact
- Comorbid Conditions
- Pathophysiology of Tension-Type Headache
- Management of Tension-Type Headache
- Prognosis of Tension-Type Headache
- Conclusions
- References
Chapter 13. Post-Traumatic Headache
- Introduction
- Traumatic Brain Injury, Concussion, and Post-Concussive Syndrome
- Epidemiology of Post-Traumatic Headache
- Potential Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Headache
- The Phenotype of Post-Traumatic Headache
- Post-Traumatic Headache in Military Settings
- Physiology of Post-Traumatic Headache
- Management of Post-Traumatic Headache
- The Post-Traumatic Headache Ichd-III Criteria
- Conclusions
- References
Chapter 14. Headache and the Eye
- Introduction
- Basics of the Bedside Eye Examination
- Migraine-Related Visual and Eye Symptoms
- Photophobia and Eye Pain
- Headache and the Red Eye
- Headache and Visual Loss
- Headache and the Abnormal Pupil
- Headache and Double Vision
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 15. Cranial Neuralgias, Sinus Headache, and Vestibular Migraine
- Introduction
- Anatomy of Facial Pain
- Cranial Neuralgias
- Sinus Headache
- Motion Sickness
- Vestibular Migraine
- References
Chapter 16. Cervicogenic Headache
- The Relationship of Headache and Neck Pain as a Manifestation of Neck Disorders
- Cervicogenic Headache Diagnosis
- Clinical Characteristics
- Evaluation of Cervicogenic Headache
- Treatment of Cervicogenic Headache
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 17. Headache in Children and Adolescents
- Introduction
- Historical Perspective
- Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Approach
- Treatment
- What Happens to our Patients as They Grow Up?
- What the Future Holds for Pediatric Headache
- References
Chapter 18. The Psychiatric Approach to Headache
- Introduction
- Migraine and Psychiatric Comorbidities, Beyond Coexistence
- Beyond Coexistence: Complex Neurobiological Underpinnings of Mood Disorders and Pain
- Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Migraine Patients
- Psychiatric Illness: Making the Correct Diagnosis
- Choosing the Right Medication
- Migraine, Pain, and Suicide
- Personality and Coping Styles in Migraine Headache
- Summary: What is the Psychiatric Approach to Headache?
- References
Chapter 19. Psychological Approaches to Headache
- Introduction
- Trigger Factors
- Personality Traits and Migraine
- Psychiatric Comorbidity
- Psychological Factors in Medical Treatment of Headache Disorders
- Psychological Approaches to Treating Headache Disorders
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 20. Too Much of a Good Thing: Medication Overuse Headache
- Introduction
- History/Background
- Pathophysiology
- Neuroimaging
- Genetic Basis for Medication Overuse Headache
- Psychological/Behavioral Aspects of Medication Overuse Headache
- Clinical Presentation of Medication Overuse Headache
- Detoxification from Medication Overuse Headache
- Patient Education for Medication Overuse Headache
- Treatment of Medication Overuse Headache
- Medication Overuse Pearls
- References
Chapter 21. Presentation of Headache in the Emergency Department and its Triage
- Introduction
- The Role of the Emergency Department
- Epidemiology of Headache in the Emergency Department
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Testing
- Approach to Treatment
- Difficult Emergency Department Populations
- Discharge Care
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 22. Headache Clinics
- Introduction
- Establishment of the Headache Clinic
- Staffing of the Headache Clinic
- Physical Plant of the Headache Clinic
- Reimbursement Issues
- Marketing the Headache Clinic
- The Patient Attending the Headache Clinic
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 23. Inpatient Treatment of Headaches
- Introduction
- Indications for Inpatient Headache Treatment
- Admission Criteria
- Advantages of Inpatient Treatment
- Treatment
- References
Chapter 24. Newer Research and its Significance
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Neuroimaging
- Genetics
- Pharmacological Models
- Treatment
- Conclusions
- References
Index

Seymour Diamond

A pioneer in the headache field, Dr. Seymour Diamond has spent almost 50 years developing better diagnostic tools and treatment options for headache conditions and has played integral roles in transforming the entire field's approach. A recipient of the American Headache Society’s Lifetime Achievement Award, he has accomplished a laundry list of “firsts” in the field of headache medicine, his greatest contribution being his unwavering commitment to creating the first true continuum of care for patients.

Dr. Diamond is Executive Chairman and Founder of the National Headache Foundation and Director Emeritus and Founder of the world-famous Diamond Headache Clinic. He previously served as Adjunct Professor of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology at Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, as well as a Clinical Professor in the Department of Family Medicine. Also, he served as a Lecturer, Department of Family Medicine (Neurology) at Loyola University Chicago/Stritch School of Medicine. He received his medical degree from the Chicago Medical School, and was honored with the Distinguished Alumni Award in 1977 and the President's Award in 2002. He has been elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, Neurology Section, has received the National Migraine Foundation Lectureship Award, and was honored by the British Migraine Trust as the initial recipient of the Migraine Trust Lectureship. He has also served as editor or on the editorial board for 31 publications; has published more than 490 articles in professional literature; and has authored or co-authored more than 70 books.

Affiliations and expertise

National Headache Foundation, Chicago, IL, USA

Roger K. Cady

Dr. Cady is the founder of Headache Care Center, Clinvest, and Primary Care Education. He is a graduate of the Mayo Medical School, and is Board Certified by the American Board of Family Practice. His board certification in Headache Medicine was awarded by the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties, and he holds a Certificate of Added Qualification through the National Board of Certification in Headache Management. He is a member of multiple medical associations, including the American Medical Association, the National Headache Foundation, the American Headache Society, the American Academy of Pain Management, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Dr. Cady is best known in the medical community for his pivotal contributions in the field of headache and migraine management. He was the co-recipient of the prestigious Wolff Award in 2000 from the American Headache Society for his research entitled “The Spectrum of Headache”. He is well-published and has presented countless lectures and seminars around the world on headache, migraine, and other chronic disorders, and continues to be the principal investigator in numerous multi-center research studies. Dr. Cady currently serves on 12 Advisory Boards and is a member of the Board of Directors for the National Headache Foundation.

Affiliations and expertise

Headache Care Center & Primary Care Network, Springfield, MO, USA

Merle L. Diamond

Dr. Diamond graduated with high honors from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and received her medical education from Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago.

She completed residencies in Emergency Medicine/Internal Medicine at McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University. She has received Subspecialty Certification for Headache Medicine from the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties. She also is a former fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians and currently is a diplomat of the American Board of Internal Medicine.

She joined the staff of the Diamond Headache Clinic in 1989 after serving as an attending physician and clinical instructor at Northwestern University Hospital in Chicago, and as an attending physician at Evanston and St. Francis Hospitals, both in Evanston, Illinois. Dr. Diamond currently is an attending physician in Internal Medicine and Director of the Diamond Inpatient Headache Unit.

She is a Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science /Chicago Medical School. Also, she is a Lecturer in the Department of Medicine (Neurology), Loyola University Chicago/Stritch School of Medicine. She has contributed numerous articles to the medical literature, and has lectured extensively on various headache subjects; in particular, the treatment of headache in the emergency department and hormones and headache. With Dr. Glen Solomon, she co-edited Diamond and Dalessio’s Practicing Physician’s Approach to Headache, 6th edition (1999).

Affiliations and expertise

Diamond Headache Clinic, Chicago, IL, USA

Mark W. Green

Mark W. Green, M.D. is Professor of Neurology and Director of Headache and Pain Medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.

Dr. Mark W. Green is Director of the Center for Headache and Pain Medicine and Professor of Neurology and Anesthesiology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He recently came to Mount Sinai from Columbia University, where he was Director of Headache Medicine and Clinical Professor of Neurology (in Neurology, Anesthesiology and Dentistry) at the College of Physicians and Surgeons and the College of Dental Medicine. He is certified in Neurology by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and in Headache Medicine through the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties.

Dr. Green graduated from Case Western Reserve University, and received his medical degree from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He received his neurology training at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and during that period worked in the Montefiore Headache Unit of Albert Einstein. He was later appointed director of that unit. He came to Columbia University in 1981, and then New York Medical College. He returned to Columbia University ten years ago to organize a section on headache and facial pain in the department of neurology.

Dr. Green was elected to the Board of Directors of the National Headache Foundation in spring 2010. He was one of the founding editors of Cephalagia, the international headache journal. He also served as the Associate Editor of Headache, the journal of the American Headache Society and is currently the abstract editor of that journal. He has a long-standing interest in neuropharmacology and is a panel member of the Advisory Board of the Food and Drug Administration’s Section on Peripheral and Central Neurological Drugs.

Dr. Green has been active in the practice of headache and facial pain since 1978. He has lectured throughout the world on this subject and has written numerous articles on various subjects concerning headache and facial pain.

Affiliations and expertise

Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Vincent T. Martin

Vincent Martin, MD, the director of the Headache and Facial Pain Program at the University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, has been a Professor of Clinical Medicine in the Division of Internal Medicine since 2004.

Dr. Martin is the President of the Ohio Headache Association and Vice President of the National Headache Foundation. He has also been a fellow of the American Headache Society and the American College of Physicians.

After graduating from the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Dr. Martin completed a residency in internal medicine, followed by a fellowship in general internal medicine at UC. Dr. Martin was Chief Resident of the Department of Internal Medicine during his fellowship at UC.

Affiliations and expertise

University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

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Headache and Migraine Biology and Management

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Seymour Diamond

Roger K. Cady

Merle L. Diamond

Mark W. Green

Vincent T. Martin