Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy
Theoretical Foundations and Guidelines for Practice
- 1st Edition - October 19, 1999
- Editors: Aubrey H Fine, Megan Mueller, Zenithson Ng, Taylor Chastain Griffin, Philip Tedeschi
- Language: English
Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy provides a comprehensive overview of the many ways in which animals can be used to assist therapists. Coverage includes how animals can assist… Read more
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Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy provides a comprehensive overview of the many ways in which animals can be used to assist therapists. Coverage includes how animals can assist specific patient populations (children, the disabled, AIDS patients, etc.), how animals can aid in specific settings (hospitals, prisons, independent practice, etc.), and how professionals can best select appropriate animals (species, breed, and individual temperament) and design an AAT program.Humans have long had a special bond with animals, initially as work animals, then as pets, and now more frequently as therapeutic companions. Animals help the sick recover more quickly and help the aged live longer and more satisfying lives. Specially trained animals are now helping stroke victims, the handicapped, and others to regain or build lost faculties. Increasingly, animals assist in nonphysical/medical therapies, helping the stressed and angry relax and the shy be more forthcoming.Contributors represent the top people in the field from hospital settings, vet hospitals, animal training centers, and therapists in practice.
Therapists in family practice, independent practice, hospital settings, etc.; veterinarians; specialty animal training centers; and educated laypersons.
Contributors.
Foreward.
Preface.
The Conceptualization of the Animal-Human Bond: The Foundation for Understanding Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Animal Companions and Human Well-Being: An Historical Exploration of the Value of Human-Animal Relationships:
Introduction.
Animal Souls and Spiritual Healing.
Animal Powers and Shamanism.
Animism in Classical and Medieval Times.
Animals as Agents of Socialization.
Animals and Psychotherapy.
Animals, Relaxation, and Social Support.
Conclusions.
The Use of Animals to Benefit Humans: Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Introduction.
The Use of Animals as Therapeutic Agents.
Considerations for the Human Partner of AFT Programs.
Considerations for the Animal Partner of AFT Programs.
General Ethical Considerations.
The Animal-Human Bond: Health and Wellness:
Introduction.
Long-Term Health Effects.
Short-Term Health Effects.
Summary.
Discussion.
Psychosocial Benefits of Animal Companionship:
Importance of Pets in Quality of Life and for Some Vulnerable Individuals.
Normalizing Effects of Animals.
Individuality in Human Responses to Animals.
Conclusions.
Animal-Assisted Therapy: Conceptual Model and Guidelines for Quality Assurance:
Methods, Standards, Guidelines, and Considerations in Selecting Animals for Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Understanding Animal Behavior, Species, and Temperament as Applied to Interactions with Specific Populations:
Providing Animal-Assisted Activities or Animal-Assisted Therapy.
Contexts for Persons Receiving Therapy or Animal Companionship.
Selecting the Animal.
Special Problems and Concerns.
Guidelines and Standards for Animal Selection in Animal-Assisted Activity and Therapy Programs:
Background.
Standards.
Application of Standards to Animal Selection.
Guidelines for Animal Selection.
Guidelines for Animal Selection.
Risk Management.
Conclusions.
Designing and Implementing Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs in Health and Mental Health Organizations:
Introduction.
Animal-Assisted Therapy.
The Green Chimneys Model.
Organizational Issues.
Program Design Issues.
Animal Selection.
Cost Effectiveness.
Liability.
Outcomes.
Infection Control Issues.
Rules That Guide Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs.
Principles That Guide Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs.
Conclusions.
Program Evaluation and Quality Assurance in Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Introduction.
Program Evaluation.
Purposes of Program Evaluation.
Areas of Program Evaluation.
Client Evaluations: Measuring AAT Results and Long-Term Impact.
Statistical Research Design.
Single-Subject Research Design.
Conclusions.
Best Practices in Animal-Assisted Therapy: Guidelines for Use of AAT with Special Populations:
The Centaur's Lessons: Therapeutic Education through Care of Animals and Nature Study:
Theoretical Rationalization for Using Animal-Assisted Therapy with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
The Companionable Zoo Method.
An Empirical Study of Program Effectiveness.
Summary and Conclusions.
Animals and Therapists: Incorporating Animals in Outpatient Psychotherapy:
Introduction.
Consideration 1: Why Clinicians May Find Animals Therapeutically Beneficial.
Consideration 2: The Therapeutic Environment-Animals as an Aspect of Milieu Therapy.
Consideration 3: Incorporating Theory in Practice: Animal-Assisted Therapy from a Life Stage Perspective.
Consideration 4: The extension of Live Animals-Utilizing Symbolism and Metaphors of Animals.
Consideration 5: Therapeutic Alternatives Utilizing Animals-Expanding our Clients' Traditional Therapy.
Consideration 6: Practical Suggestions for Clinicians' Use of Animals.
Conclusions.
Animal-Assisted Therapy in Specialized Settings:
Introduction.
Variation of AAT in Specialized Settings.
Description of the Structures and Approaches of AAT.
Human-Animal Intervention Team: An Example of One AAT Approach.
Selected Issues.
Conclusions.
The Role Animals Play in Enhancing Quality of Life for the Elderly:
Elderly Transitions.
Sensory Changes.
Cardiovascular System.
Musculoskeletal System.
Importance of Pets to the Elderly.
Pet Selection.
Guidelines for Animal-Assisted Therapy with the Elderly.
History, Theory, and Development of Human-Animal Support Services for People with AIDS and Other Chronic/Terminal Illnesses:
Introduction.
Chronic and Terminal Illness.
How Animals Help Children and Adults Adapt to Their Illnesses.
Historical Significance of Zoonoses and AIDS.
How PAWS Developed to Provide Support Services for PWAs with Pets.
Services Provided by PAWS.
The AIDS Epidemic: An Update.
Examples of Human-Animal Support Service Programs.
Getting Started.
Conclusions.
Appendix 1. Guidelines for Animals Used in AAT with Immunocompromised Persons.
Appendix 2. Human-Animal Support Service Organizations for People with AIDS.
Appendix 3. Healthy Pets, Healthy People Resource Guide.
Appendix 4: PAWS Client Service Policies.
Appendix 5: Infections Associated with Animals: Sources and Symptoms.
Appendix 6: Infections Associated with Animals: Reducing the Risks.
Appendix 7: Universal Precautions to Prevent HIV Transmission Established by the CDC.
Service Animals and Their Roles in Enhancing Independence, Quality of Life, and Employment for People with Disabilities:
Introduction.
Service Animal and Disability Legally Defined.
History and Overview of Service Animal Applications.
Cultural Trends Affecting the Choice of Service Animals as Health Care Options.
Animal Welfare and Ethics.
Demographics of Disability in the United States.
Case Studies of Individuals Who Have Service Animals.
Considerations for Employers and Employees.
Research about Service Animals.
Animal Abuse and Developmental Psychopathology: Recent Research, Programmatic, and Therapeutic Issues and Challenges for the Future:
Overview.
Confluence of Animal Maltreatment and Interpersonal Violence.
Programming Responses to the "Link" between Violence to People and Animals from the Animal Care and Control Field.
Clinical Case Study.
Appendix: Format for Tracking Animal Cruelty
Special Topics and Concerns in Animal-Assisted Therapy:
The Companion Animal within the Family System: The Manner in Which Animals Enhance Life within the Home:
Companion Animals in the Family.
Companion Animals and Children.
Conclusions.
Companion Animals and the Development of Children: Implications of the Biophilia Hypothesis:
Do Animals Contribute to Perceived Security?
Are Animals Significant Categories of Early Perceptual, Cognitive, and Language Development?
Do Animals Play a Role in Emotional Intelligence?
Implications for AAT with Children.
Nature Therapy:
What is Nature Therapy?
Organized Professional Application.
Horticultural Therapy.
Natural Environment Therapy.
Nature and Human Development.
Therapeutic Approaches.
Application of Nature Therapy.
Conclusions.
Appendix 1: Recommended List of Publications.
Appendix 2: Organizational Resource.
The Welfare of Assistance and Therapy Animals: An Ethical Comment:
Introduction.
Possible Sources of Animal Welfare Problems with Service Animals and Those Incorporated in AAA/T.
Conclusions and Recommendations.
Appendix: Ethical Guidelines for the Care and Supervision of Animals While Utilizing in AAT or AAA.
Synergy and Symbiosis in Animal-Assisted Therapy: Interdisciplinary Collaborations:
Introduction.
The Process of Collaboration.
Resolving Organizational Differences.
The Stages of Collaboration.
The Benefits of Collaboration.
Resistance to Collaboration.
Collaborative Implementation of the AAA/T Program.
Examples of Collaboration.
Conclusions.
The Future of Education and Research on the Animal-Human Bond and Animal-Assisted Therapy:
The Role of Ethology in the Field of Human-Animal Relations and Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Introduction.
Unanswered Research Questions.
A Model Curriculum for Continuing Education in Animal-Assisted Counseling/Therapy and Animal-Assisted Activities.
Animal-Assisted Therapy and the Study of Human-Animal Relationships: Discipline or Bondage? Context or Transitional Object?
Introduction.
Conclusion.
Index.
Foreward.
Preface.
The Conceptualization of the Animal-Human Bond: The Foundation for Understanding Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Animal Companions and Human Well-Being: An Historical Exploration of the Value of Human-Animal Relationships:
Introduction.
Animal Souls and Spiritual Healing.
Animal Powers and Shamanism.
Animism in Classical and Medieval Times.
Animals as Agents of Socialization.
Animals and Psychotherapy.
Animals, Relaxation, and Social Support.
Conclusions.
The Use of Animals to Benefit Humans: Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Introduction.
The Use of Animals as Therapeutic Agents.
Considerations for the Human Partner of AFT Programs.
Considerations for the Animal Partner of AFT Programs.
General Ethical Considerations.
The Animal-Human Bond: Health and Wellness:
Introduction.
Long-Term Health Effects.
Short-Term Health Effects.
Summary.
Discussion.
Psychosocial Benefits of Animal Companionship:
Importance of Pets in Quality of Life and for Some Vulnerable Individuals.
Normalizing Effects of Animals.
Individuality in Human Responses to Animals.
Conclusions.
Animal-Assisted Therapy: Conceptual Model and Guidelines for Quality Assurance:
Methods, Standards, Guidelines, and Considerations in Selecting Animals for Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Understanding Animal Behavior, Species, and Temperament as Applied to Interactions with Specific Populations:
Providing Animal-Assisted Activities or Animal-Assisted Therapy.
Contexts for Persons Receiving Therapy or Animal Companionship.
Selecting the Animal.
Special Problems and Concerns.
Guidelines and Standards for Animal Selection in Animal-Assisted Activity and Therapy Programs:
Background.
Standards.
Application of Standards to Animal Selection.
Guidelines for Animal Selection.
Guidelines for Animal Selection.
Risk Management.
Conclusions.
Designing and Implementing Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs in Health and Mental Health Organizations:
Introduction.
Animal-Assisted Therapy.
The Green Chimneys Model.
Organizational Issues.
Program Design Issues.
Animal Selection.
Cost Effectiveness.
Liability.
Outcomes.
Infection Control Issues.
Rules That Guide Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs.
Principles That Guide Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs.
Conclusions.
Program Evaluation and Quality Assurance in Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Introduction.
Program Evaluation.
Purposes of Program Evaluation.
Areas of Program Evaluation.
Client Evaluations: Measuring AAT Results and Long-Term Impact.
Statistical Research Design.
Single-Subject Research Design.
Conclusions.
Best Practices in Animal-Assisted Therapy: Guidelines for Use of AAT with Special Populations:
The Centaur's Lessons: Therapeutic Education through Care of Animals and Nature Study:
Theoretical Rationalization for Using Animal-Assisted Therapy with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
The Companionable Zoo Method.
An Empirical Study of Program Effectiveness.
Summary and Conclusions.
Animals and Therapists: Incorporating Animals in Outpatient Psychotherapy:
Introduction.
Consideration 1: Why Clinicians May Find Animals Therapeutically Beneficial.
Consideration 2: The Therapeutic Environment-Animals as an Aspect of Milieu Therapy.
Consideration 3: Incorporating Theory in Practice: Animal-Assisted Therapy from a Life Stage Perspective.
Consideration 4: The extension of Live Animals-Utilizing Symbolism and Metaphors of Animals.
Consideration 5: Therapeutic Alternatives Utilizing Animals-Expanding our Clients' Traditional Therapy.
Consideration 6: Practical Suggestions for Clinicians' Use of Animals.
Conclusions.
Animal-Assisted Therapy in Specialized Settings:
Introduction.
Variation of AAT in Specialized Settings.
Description of the Structures and Approaches of AAT.
Human-Animal Intervention Team: An Example of One AAT Approach.
Selected Issues.
Conclusions.
The Role Animals Play in Enhancing Quality of Life for the Elderly:
Elderly Transitions.
Sensory Changes.
Cardiovascular System.
Musculoskeletal System.
Importance of Pets to the Elderly.
Pet Selection.
Guidelines for Animal-Assisted Therapy with the Elderly.
History, Theory, and Development of Human-Animal Support Services for People with AIDS and Other Chronic/Terminal Illnesses:
Introduction.
Chronic and Terminal Illness.
How Animals Help Children and Adults Adapt to Their Illnesses.
Historical Significance of Zoonoses and AIDS.
How PAWS Developed to Provide Support Services for PWAs with Pets.
Services Provided by PAWS.
The AIDS Epidemic: An Update.
Examples of Human-Animal Support Service Programs.
Getting Started.
Conclusions.
Appendix 1. Guidelines for Animals Used in AAT with Immunocompromised Persons.
Appendix 2. Human-Animal Support Service Organizations for People with AIDS.
Appendix 3. Healthy Pets, Healthy People Resource Guide.
Appendix 4: PAWS Client Service Policies.
Appendix 5: Infections Associated with Animals: Sources and Symptoms.
Appendix 6: Infections Associated with Animals: Reducing the Risks.
Appendix 7: Universal Precautions to Prevent HIV Transmission Established by the CDC.
Service Animals and Their Roles in Enhancing Independence, Quality of Life, and Employment for People with Disabilities:
Introduction.
Service Animal and Disability Legally Defined.
History and Overview of Service Animal Applications.
Cultural Trends Affecting the Choice of Service Animals as Health Care Options.
Animal Welfare and Ethics.
Demographics of Disability in the United States.
Case Studies of Individuals Who Have Service Animals.
Considerations for Employers and Employees.
Research about Service Animals.
Animal Abuse and Developmental Psychopathology: Recent Research, Programmatic, and Therapeutic Issues and Challenges for the Future:
Overview.
Confluence of Animal Maltreatment and Interpersonal Violence.
Programming Responses to the "Link" between Violence to People and Animals from the Animal Care and Control Field.
Clinical Case Study.
Appendix: Format for Tracking Animal Cruelty
Special Topics and Concerns in Animal-Assisted Therapy:
The Companion Animal within the Family System: The Manner in Which Animals Enhance Life within the Home:
Companion Animals in the Family.
Companion Animals and Children.
Conclusions.
Companion Animals and the Development of Children: Implications of the Biophilia Hypothesis:
Do Animals Contribute to Perceived Security?
Are Animals Significant Categories of Early Perceptual, Cognitive, and Language Development?
Do Animals Play a Role in Emotional Intelligence?
Implications for AAT with Children.
Nature Therapy:
What is Nature Therapy?
Organized Professional Application.
Horticultural Therapy.
Natural Environment Therapy.
Nature and Human Development.
Therapeutic Approaches.
Application of Nature Therapy.
Conclusions.
Appendix 1: Recommended List of Publications.
Appendix 2: Organizational Resource.
The Welfare of Assistance and Therapy Animals: An Ethical Comment:
Introduction.
Possible Sources of Animal Welfare Problems with Service Animals and Those Incorporated in AAA/T.
Conclusions and Recommendations.
Appendix: Ethical Guidelines for the Care and Supervision of Animals While Utilizing in AAT or AAA.
Synergy and Symbiosis in Animal-Assisted Therapy: Interdisciplinary Collaborations:
Introduction.
The Process of Collaboration.
Resolving Organizational Differences.
The Stages of Collaboration.
The Benefits of Collaboration.
Resistance to Collaboration.
Collaborative Implementation of the AAA/T Program.
Examples of Collaboration.
Conclusions.
The Future of Education and Research on the Animal-Human Bond and Animal-Assisted Therapy:
The Role of Ethology in the Field of Human-Animal Relations and Animal-Assisted Therapy:
Introduction.
Unanswered Research Questions.
A Model Curriculum for Continuing Education in Animal-Assisted Counseling/Therapy and Animal-Assisted Activities.
Animal-Assisted Therapy and the Study of Human-Animal Relationships: Discipline or Bondage? Context or Transitional Object?
Introduction.
Conclusion.
Index.
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 19, 1999
- Language: English
AF
Aubrey H Fine
Psychologist Dr. Aubrey Fine is an internationally known expert with close to 50 years of experience in the field of Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) and the Human Animal Bond. Dr. Fine is a Professor Emeritus at the California State Polytechnic University for over 42 years, during which time he has researched the value of AAT with children and the elderly. In addition, he has integrated the foundations of AAT into his clinical practice, which primarily focuses on the treatment of children with attention, behavioral, adjustment and developmental disorders.
Affiliations and expertise
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USAMM
Megan Mueller
Dr. Megan K. Mueller, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Human-Animal interaction at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University within the Center for Animals and Public Policy. Dr. Mueller is Co-Director of the Tufts Initiative for Human-Animal Interaction and is a senior fellow at the Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life at Tufts University. Dr. Mueller is a developmental psychologist, and her research program focuses on assessing the dynamic relationships between people and animals in families and communities. Her work focuses on the psychology of the human-animal bond, and how human-animal interaction can promote thriving for adolescents and their families. Her research has been published in numerous scientific journals and media outlets. Dr. Mueller is a board member of the International Society for Anthrozoology and serves on the Pet Partners Human-Animal Bond Advisory Board.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, USAZN
Zenithson Ng
Dr. Zenithson Ng is a clinical associate professor at the University of Tennessee. He earned his undergraduate degree in animal science from Rutgers University and his veterinary degree from Cornell University; then completed a small animal rotating internship at the ASPCA in NYC, followed by a canine/feline primary care residency combined with a master’s degree in human-animal bond studies at Virginia Tech. His clinical interests include small animal behavior, dentistry, preventive medicine, and management of chronic disease. His research and teaching interests span all aspects of the human-animal bond including the effect of human-animal interaction on both humans and animals, the veterinary-client relationship, and stress reduction in both veterinary and animal-assisted intervention settings.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, University of Tennessee, USATG
Taylor Chastain Griffin
Dr. Taylor Chastain Griffin is the Executive Director of The Association of Animal-Assisted Intervention Professionals and is the National Director of Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) Advancement at Pet Partners. In these roles, she oversees the organizations’ empirical research collaborations and works with other field leaders to motivate standardization and professionalization of the intervention. With a background as a dog trainer, therapy dog handler, and mental health counselor, Dr. Chastain Griffin came to her position with a variety of experiences that inform her work. Having completed her doctorate in research psychology with a focus on the human-animal bond, she works to formally integrate expertise in the field of human services with best practices while working with therapy animals.
Affiliations and expertise
Ph.D.PT
Philip Tedeschi
Philip Tedeschi is the Director Emeritus and Founder of the Institute for Human-Animal Connection, a licensed clinical social worker, a clinical professor at the Graduate School of Social Work and an affiliated faculty with the University of Denver’s Animal Law Program. He teaches in the Human- Animal-Environmental Interaction Certificate for Master of Social Work students, examining the intricate relationship between people, domestic and wild animals, and the natural world. Tedeschi’s research, scholarship, teaching, and community practice work have focused on issues of social and interspecies justice, global perspectives of human-animal interactions, conservation social work and human ecology. He specializes in the bio-affiliative connection between people and animals, the health promoting potential of human-animal and nature interaction, trauma informed care and causes of maltreatment to people and other non-human animals.
Affiliations and expertise
Director Emeritus, Institute for Human-Animal Connection, USA