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Handbook of Vacuum Arc Science & Technology
Fundamentals and Applications
1st Edition - December 31, 1996
Editors: Raymond L. Boxman, David M. Sanders, Philip J. Martin
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 8 1 5 5 - 1 7 7 9 - 5
This is a comprehensive text describing the basic physics and technological applications of vacuum arcs. Part I describes basic physics of the vacuum arc, beginning with a brief… Read more
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This is a comprehensive text describing the basic physics and technological applications of vacuum arcs. Part I describes basic physics of the vacuum arc, beginning with a brief tutorial review of plasma and electrical discharge physics, then describes the arc ignition process, cathode and anode spots which serve as the locus for plasma generation, and resultant interelectrode plasma. Part II describes the applications of the vacuum arc for depositing thin films and coatings, refining metals, switching high power, and as sources of intense electron, ion, plasma, and x-ray beams.
Scientists, engineers, and technologists in the coating and thin film fields, and especially those involved in wear resistant coatings in the tool and automotive industries, and those involved in decorative coatings.
Part I: Fundamentals of Vacuum Arc Science and Technology
1. Electrical Discharges and Plasmas-A Brief Tutorial
Definitions and Purpose of the Chapter
Collision Processes
Collective Behavior
Conduction of Electrical Current
Magnetic Effects
Electrode Effects
Chapter Summary
References
2. Arc Ignition
Introduction
Field Emission
Insulator Enhanced Emission
Particle Effects
Main Insulator Considerations
Breakdown-to-Arc Transition
Arc Ignition from Low Voltage Sources
Laser Ignition
Hollow-Cathode Arc
Chapter Summary
References
3. Cathode Spots
Phenomenology
Theories of Cathode Spots
Chapter Summary
References
4. The Interelectrode Plasma
Introduction
The Multi-Cathode Spot Vacuum Arc
Experimental Characterization of the Interelectrode Plasma
The Interelectrode Plasma in an External Magnetic Field
The Interelectrode Plasma Model
Plasma-Macroparticles Interaction
Plasma and Current Interaction with a Magnetic Field
Summary and Conclusions
References
5. Anode Phenomena
Introduction
Anode Modes
Transitions Between Anode Modes
Theories and Models of Anode Phenomena
Part II: Applications of Vacuum Arc Science and Technology
6. Coatings From the Vacuum Arc
Vacuum Arc Deposition
Arc Source Designs
Rigid-Rotor Models of Plasma Flow
Film Growth
Applications of Arc-Deposited Coatings
Emerging Applications and New Opportunities with PVD Arc Sources
7. Vacuum Arc Metal Processing
Introduction
General Metallurgical Aspects of Vacuum Treatment
VAR Technology
Other Vacuum Arc Melting and Remelting Technologies
Comparison with Other Remelting Technologies
Summary and Conclusions
References
8. Vacuum Switching of High Current and High Voltage at Power Frequencies
Introduction to Power Switching
Fundamentals of Current Interruption
Construction of Vacuum Interrupters
Application of Vacuum Switchgear
References
9. Pulsed Power Applications
Introduction
Pulsed Power Concepts and Definitions
Vacuum Arcs as Switches
Vacuum Arcs as Loads
References
Nomenclature-by Subject
Nomenclature-Alphabetical
Index
About the Contributors
1. Electrical Discharges and Plasmas-A Brief Tutorial
Definitions and Purpose of the Chapter
Collision Processes
Collective Behavior
Conduction of Electrical Current
Magnetic Effects
Electrode Effects
Chapter Summary
References
2. Arc Ignition
Introduction
Field Emission
Insulator Enhanced Emission
Particle Effects
Main Insulator Considerations
Breakdown-to-Arc Transition
Arc Ignition from Low Voltage Sources
Laser Ignition
Hollow-Cathode Arc
Chapter Summary
References
3. Cathode Spots
Phenomenology
Theories of Cathode Spots
Chapter Summary
References
4. The Interelectrode Plasma
Introduction
The Multi-Cathode Spot Vacuum Arc
Experimental Characterization of the Interelectrode Plasma
The Interelectrode Plasma in an External Magnetic Field
The Interelectrode Plasma Model
Plasma-Macroparticles Interaction
Plasma and Current Interaction with a Magnetic Field
Summary and Conclusions
References
5. Anode Phenomena
Introduction
Anode Modes
Transitions Between Anode Modes
Theories and Models of Anode Phenomena
Part II: Applications of Vacuum Arc Science and Technology
6. Coatings From the Vacuum Arc
Vacuum Arc Deposition
Arc Source Designs
Rigid-Rotor Models of Plasma Flow
Film Growth
Applications of Arc-Deposited Coatings
Emerging Applications and New Opportunities with PVD Arc Sources
7. Vacuum Arc Metal Processing
Introduction
General Metallurgical Aspects of Vacuum Treatment
VAR Technology
Other Vacuum Arc Melting and Remelting Technologies
Comparison with Other Remelting Technologies
Summary and Conclusions
References
8. Vacuum Switching of High Current and High Voltage at Power Frequencies
Introduction to Power Switching
Fundamentals of Current Interruption
Construction of Vacuum Interrupters
Application of Vacuum Switchgear
References
9. Pulsed Power Applications
Introduction
Pulsed Power Concepts and Definitions
Vacuum Arcs as Switches
Vacuum Arcs as Loads
References
Nomenclature-by Subject
Nomenclature-Alphabetical
Index
About the Contributors
- No. of pages: 773
- Language: English
- Published: December 31, 1996
- Imprint: William Andrew
- eBook ISBN: 9780815517795
RB
Raymond L. Boxman
Affiliations and expertise
Tel Aviv University, IsraelDS
David M. Sanders
Affiliations and expertise
David Sanders formerly professor at Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryPM
Philip J. Martin
Affiliations and expertise
CSIRO, Division of Applied Physics, Australia