Handbook of Solid State Diffusion: Volume 2

Chapter 1: Diffusion Measurements in Nanostructures

• Abstract
• 1.1. Analytical Solutions
• 1.2. Simulations
• 1.3. Atom Probe Tomography
• 1.4. Atomic Transport Kinetic Measurements
• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 2: Diffusion-Controlled Phase Transformations in Open Systems

• Abstract
• 2.1. General Review of Flux-Driven Transformations
• 2.2. Standard Model of the Simultaneous, Diffusion-Controlled Phase Layers Growth in the Diffusion Couple
• 2.3. Flux-Driven Ripening of Cu6Sn5 Scallops During Reaction of Cu Substrate With Liquid Tin-Based Solder
• 2.4. Flux-Driven Lamellar Precipitation of Cu6Sn5 into Porous Cu3Sn Structure
• 2.5. Flux-Driven Nucleation During Reactive Diffusion
• 2.6. Summary
• References

Chapter 3: Thermodynamic-Kinetic Method on Microstructural Evolutions in Electronics

• Abstract
• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Thermodynamic Evaluation of Phase Equilibria
• 3.3. Kinetic Considerations
• 3.4. Thermodynamic-Kinetic Method
• 3.5. Utilization of the T-K Method in Microsystems Technology
• Conclusions
• References

Chapter 4: Microstructural Evolution by Reaction–Diffusion: Bulk, Thin Film, and Nanomaterials

• Abstract
• 4.1. Mathematical Formulations for Estimation of the Diffusion Coefficients Utilizing Physicochemical Model
• 4.2. Estimation of the Diffusion Parameters Following Physicochemical Approach
• 4.3. Evolution of Microstructure Depending on the Location of Kirkendall Marker Plane
• 4.4. A Few Examples of Morphological Evolutions and Indications of Diffusion Rates of Components
• References

Chapter 5: Electromigration in Metallic Materials and Its Role in Whiskering

• Abstract
• Acknowledgements
• 5.1. Introduction to Electromigration
• 5.2. Introduction to Whiskering in Tin Coatings
• 5.3. Role of Electromigration in Whiskering
• 5.4. Summary
• References

Chapter 6: Diffusion Couple Technique: A Research Tool in Materials Science

• Abstract
• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Basic Experimental Procedures Used in Diffusion Couple Method
• 6.3. Derivation of Kinetic Data From Diffusion Couple Experiments
• 6.4. The Diffusion Couple Technique in Phase Diagram Determination – Revisited
• 6.5. A Diffusion Couple Approach in Studying Composition–Structure–Property Relationships in Solid Solution Alloy Systems
• References

Chapter 7: Diffusion-Controlled Internal Precipitation Reactions

• Abstract
• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Basic Experimental Procedures Used in Research on Solid-State Internal Reactions
• 7.3. Diversity of Forms and Variations of Microstructures Generated by Internal Precipitation Reactions – Selected Experimental Results
• 7.4. Thermodynamic-Diffusion Kinetics Approach in Evaluating Internal Solid-State Reactions
• 7.5. Kinetic Analysis of the Internal Precipitation Reactions in Binary Alloys
• 7.6. Internal Precipitation Reactions as a “Research Tool” for Evaluating Interstitial Transport in Metals
• 7.7. Deformation Phenomena Accompanying Internal Precipitation Reactions in Metals
• 7.8. Concluding Remarks
• References

Chapter 8: Diffusion in Nuclear Materials

• Abstract
• 8.1. Diffusion in Nuclear Fuels
• 8.2. Diffusion in Clad Materials
• 8.3. Diffusion in Structural Materials
• References

Chapter 9: The Growth of Silicides and Germanides

• Abstract
• Acknowledgements
• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. Experimental Procedure
• 9.3. Growth of Silicides: Bulk Diffusion Couple Versus Thin Film
• 9.4. Mechanisms of Formation of Ni Silicides and Germanides
• 9.5. Alloy Elements
• 9.6. Dopant and Silicide
• 9.7. Formation of Silicide in Transistors
• 9.8. Conclusion
• References