Glycoside Hydrolases

Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology

1st Edition - May 4, 2023
Editors: Arun Goyal, Kedar Sharma
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 8 0 5 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 7 2 0 8 - 6

Glycoside Hydrolases provides a detailed overview of the biochemical, biophysical, and protein engineering properties of glycoside hydrolases, a class of enzymes in growing u… Read more

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Glycoside Hydrolases provides a detailed overview of the biochemical, biophysical, and protein engineering properties of glycoside hydrolases, a class of enzymes in growing use across various applications. Here, more than a dozen global experts discuss the structural and catalytic mechanisms of specific glycoside hydrolases, followed by their implications in biotechnological applications of different industrial sectors such as the food and feed industry, paper and pulp industry, the bioenergy sector and the pharmaceutical industry. Authors consider how the application of glycoside hydrolases may boost industrial production of valued products, and the broader environmental and sustainability goals of converting agrowaste into valued products. This book helps researchers and students across industry and academia gain deep knowledge of glycoside hydrolases, to advance new experimental research and applications from biofuel to drug discovery.

Cover
Title page
Table of Contents
Front Matter
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
About the Editors
Preface
Chapter 1: Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZyme): An overview
Abstract
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Glycoside hydrolases: Mechanisms, specificities, and engineering
Abstract
2.1: Structures, functions, and classifications
2.2: Glycosidase mechanisms for hydrolysis of glycans and glycoconjugates
2.3: Protein engineering of glycosidases for improved and novel properties
2.4: Glycosidases acting in reverse for glycosynthesis: Transglycosidases and glycosynthases
2.5: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 3: Endo-β-1,4-glucanase
Abstract
Authors' contribution
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Endoglucanases belong to various GH families
3.3: Synergism of endo-β-1,4-glucanase with exoglucanase and β-glucosidase
3.4: Endo-β-1,4-glucanase-producing microorganisms
3.5: Structure of endo-β-1,4-glucanases
3.6: Multifunctionality of endoglucanases
3.7: Processivity of endoglucanases
3.8: Applications of endoglucanases
3.9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Cellobiohydrolases
Abstract
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Structure and mode of action of cellobiohydrolases
4.3: Biochemical and biophysical properties of cellobiohydrolases
4.4: Protein engineering and strain improvement for higher enzyme activity and productivity
4.5: Industrial applications of CBH
4.6: Conclusion and future perspective
References
Chapter 5: β-Glucosidase: Structure, function and industrial applications
Abstract
Acknowledgments
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Classification
5.3: Structure
5.4: Reaction mechanism
5.5: Function and distribution
5.6: Characteristics
5.7: Industrial applications
References
Chapter 6: Endo-β-1,3-glucanase
Abstract
6.1: Introduction
6.2: The role of endo-β-1,3-glucanase in nature
6.3: Sources of endo-β-1,3-glucanase
6.4: Endo-β-1,3-glucanases of different families, their structure, and mechanism
6.5: Applications of endo-β-1,3-glucanases
6.6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Diversity of microbial endo-β-1,4-xylanases
Abstract
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Chemical structure of plant xylans
7.3: Enzymes of xylan hydrolysis
7.4: Endoxylanases—Xylan depolymerizing enzymes
7.5: Synergism of endoxylanases with debranching xylanolytic enzymes
7.6: Application of xylanases
7.7: Conclusions and future prospects
References
Chapter 8: β-d-Xylosidases: Structure-based substrate specificities and their applications
Abstract
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Structures of β-xylosidases
8.3: Substrate specificities of the β-xylosidases
8.4: Applications of β-xylosidases
References
Chapter 9: Arabinofuranosidases
Abstract
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Classification
9.3: Structural and functional characteristics of arabinofuranosidases
9.4: Substrate specificity and biochemical properties of arabinofuranosidases
9.5: Industrial applications of arabinofuranosidase
9.6: Future trends and scope of arabinofuranosidases
9.7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Glycoside hydrolase family 16—Xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferases and their roles in plant cell wall structure and mechanics
Abstract
10.1: Plant cell walls are protective multicomposite hydrogels
10.2: Plant xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferases
10.3: The function of XTH enzymes in plant cell walls
10.4: Conclusions and future directions
Author contributions
Funding
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 11: Endo-arabinase: Source and application
Abstract
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Hemicellulose structure and hydrolysis of arabinans
11.3: Source and biochemical characteristics
11.4: Structure and mechanism of action
11.5: Application of arabinase
11.6: Safety assessment
11.7: Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 12: Overview of structure-function relationships of glucuronidases
Abstract
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Xylanolytic α-glucuronidases
12.3: Non-xylanolytic GH4 α-glucuronidase
12.4: β-Glucuronidases
12.5: Perspectives on the development of applications of glucuronidases
Credit
References
Chapter 13: Mannanases and other mannan-degrading enzymes
Abstract
13.1: Mannan structure
13.2: Enzymes involved in the mannan degradation
13.3: Production of β-mannanases
13.4: Industrial applications of β-mannanases
13.5: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 14: Structure, function, and protein engineering of GH53 β-1,4-galactanases
Abstract
14.1: Introduction, classification, and structure overview of β-1,4-galactanases
14.2: Biological functions and diversity
14.3: Related enzyme activities
14.4: GH53-associated modules and domains
14.5: Biotechnological applications
14.6: Structure-function studies
14.7: Protein engineering
14.8: Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter 15: Structural and functional insights of β galactosidase and its potential applications
Abstract
15.1: β Galactosidase
15.2: Glycoside hydrolase families
15.3: Sources of β-galactosidases
15.4: Lactose intolerance
15.5: Structural characterization of β-Gal
15.6: Functional characterization of β-Gal
15.7: Applications of β-Gal
15.8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: α-l-Rhamnosidases: Structures, substrate specificities, and their applications
Abstract
16.1: Introduction
16.2: Structure of α-l-rhamnosidases
16.3: Substrate specificities of α-l-rhamnosidases
16.4: Applications of α-l-rhamnosidases
References
Chapter 17: Diversity and biotechnological applications of microbial glucoamylases
Abstract
17.1: Introduction
17.2: Production of glucoamylase: Microbes, substrate, nutrients, and fermentation system
17.3: Thermophilic and mesophilic fungal glucoamylases
17.4: Production of native glucoamylases
17.5: Recombinant glucoamylases
17.6: Multiple molecular forms of glucoamylases
17.7: Structural characteristics of glucoamylases
17.8: Biotechnological applications of glucoamylase
17.9: Role of glucoamylase in starch conversion to sugar syrup
17.10: Role of glucoamylase in HFCS
17.11: Role of glucoamylase in the brewing and baking industry
17.12: Conclusion
References
Index

Arun Goyal

Prof. Arun Goyal, M.Sc., M.Tech., Ph.D., is currently a Professor in the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, in Assam, India. Prof. Goyal has over 18 years of teaching and 30 years of research experience. His research mainly focuses on structure and functional analysis of plant cell wall degrading enzymes and their applications. Prof. Goyal obtained his M.Sc. and M.Tech. degrees from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. Prof. Goyal has handled many national and international collaborative research projects, sponsored by various funding agencies of the Government of India such as DBT, DST and CSIR. So far 30 students have obtained Ph.D. under his supervision and 12 students are continuing their Ph.D. Prof. Goyal has published more than 265 research papers in various National and International reputed journals and over 30 book chapters.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Former Head, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.

Kedar Sharma

Dr. Kedar Sharma, M.Sc., Ph.D. currently working as Visiting Fellow at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina, USA. He worked as Postdoctoral Research Associate, at Department of Biological Engineering, at Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Dr. Sharma has over 7 years of research experience. He completed his Bachelors of Science in Biotechnology from University of Rajasthan, Jaipur and his Masters in Biotechnology from Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University) Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. He completed Ph.D. from Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. His Ph.D. work as focused on structural and functional characterization of xylanolytic enzymes and other glycoside hydrolases and their application in production of xylooligosaccharides. Currently, he is working on elucidating the structure and fusion mechanism of viral entry into the host cell. He received a IUCr Young Scientist award from International Union for Crystallography, and several best poster and oral presentation awards from different organizations. Dr. Sharma has published 33 research papers in various international reputed journals and 5 book chapters.

Affiliations and expertise

Postdoctoral Research Associate, Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India. Visiting Fellow, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina, USA

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