1: From Geodata to Geographic Knowledge
- Abstract
- 1.1 A rapid history of urban planning and information technology
- 1.2 Territorial intelligence, smart cities and smart planning
- 1.3 Data acquisition sensors
- 1.4 About reasoning
- 1.5 Promises of geographic knowledge
- 1.6 Conclusion: advocacy for geographic knowledge infrastructures
2: Knowledge Representation
- Abstract
- 2.1 Automated reasoning
- 2.2 Logical formalisms
- 2.3 RDF (Resource Description Framework)
- 2.4 Rule modeling
- 2.5 About mathematical models
- 2.6 Case-based reasoning
- 2.7 Conclusion: what is special for geographic knowledge?
3: Towards Geographic Knowledge Systems
- Abstract
- 3.1 Lessons learnt from GIS
- 3.3 Towards the integration of external knowledge
- 3.4 Prolegomena and principles
- 3.5 About quality of geographic knowledge bases
- 3.6 About multimedia knowledge
- 3.7 First conclusion on GKS
4: Geographic Objects
- Abstract
- 4.1 About the semantics of geographic objects
- 4.2 From lines to ribbons
- 4.3 Mutation of object geometric types
- 4.4 Fuzzy geographic objects
- 4.5 About altitude
- 4.6 Continuous fields
- 4.7 Quality and geometric homology relations
- 4.8 Geographic objects and projects
- 4.9 Final remarks concerning geographic objects
5: Geographic Relations
- Abstract
- 5.1 Spatial operations
- 5.1.3 Buffer zones
- 5.2 Spatial relations
- 5.3 Characteristics of spherical spatial relations
- 5.4 Spatial relations in urban space
- 5.5 Ribbon operations and relations
- 5.6 Mutation of topological relations according to the granularity of interest
- 5.7 Other geographic relations
- 5.8 Conclusion regarding geographic relations
6: Geographic Ontologies
- Abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Generalities about ontologies
- 6.3 Towntology: ontologies for urban planning
- 6.4 Characteristics of geographic ontologies
- 6.5 Examples of geographic ontologies
- 6.6 Fusioning ontologies
- 6.7 Conclusion and challenges regarding geographic ontologies
7: Complex Geographic Objects and Structures
- Abstract
- 7.1 Simple collections
- 7.2 Ribbon graphs and networks
- 7.3 Tessellations
- 7.4 Shape grammars and applications to geographic objects
- 7.5 Complex geographic objects and their relations
- 7.6 Conclusion
8: Gazetteers and Multilingualism
- Abstract
- 8.1 Generalities
- 8.2 Examples
- 8.3 Existing systems
- 8.4 Inference rules for matching geographic ontologies and gazetteers in different languages
- 8.5 Enriching geographic knowledge bases by rules
- 8.6 Conclusion
9: Geographic Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
- Abstract
- 9.1 Introduction to data mining
- 9.2 Elements of spatial data mining
- 9.3 Conclusion
10: Geographic Applicative Rules
- Abstract
- 10.1 About rules in information technology
- 10.2 Introductory example regarding street naming
- 10.3 Geographic knowledge and reasoning
- 10.4 Study of the semantics of the geographic rules
- 10.5 Toward applicative geographic rules modeling
- 10.6 Conclusion about applicative geographic rules
11: Geovisualization and Chorems
- Abstract
- 11.1 Graphics semiology
- 11.2 From vision analytics to geovisualization
- 11.3 Chorems
- 11.4 Dashboards for smart cities
- 11.5 Conclusions
12: GKS: Querying and Interoperability
- Abstract
- 12.1 Geographic queries
- 12.2 Geographic knowledge bases interoperability
- 12.3 Conclusion
13: Conclusion: Knowledge as Infrastructure for Smart Governance
- Abstract
- 13.1 Business Intelligence
- 13.2 GeoSpatial Business Intelligence or geo-intelligence
- 13.3 Territorial intelligence
- 13.4 Knowledge as infrastructure for smart governance
- 13.5 Conclusion, from knowledge to wisdom