Geographic Knowledge Infrastructure

1: From Geodata to Geographic Knowledge

• Abstract
• 1.1 A rapid history of urban planning and information technology
• 1.2 Territorial intelligence, smart cities and smart planning
• 1.3 Data acquisition sensors
• 1.4 About reasoning
• 1.5 Promises of geographic knowledge
• 1.6 Conclusion: advocacy for geographic knowledge infrastructures

2: Knowledge Representation

• Abstract
• 2.1 Automated reasoning
• 2.2 Logical formalisms
• 2.3 RDF (Resource Description Framework)
• 2.4 Rule modeling
• 2.5 About mathematical models
• 2.6 Case-based reasoning
• 2.7 Conclusion: what is special for geographic knowledge?

3: Towards Geographic Knowledge Systems

• Abstract
• 3.1 Lessons learnt from GIS
• 3.3 Towards the integration of external knowledge
• 3.4 Prolegomena and principles
• 3.5 About quality of geographic knowledge bases
• 3.6 About multimedia knowledge
• 3.7 First conclusion on GKS

4: Geographic Objects

• Abstract
• 4.1 About the semantics of geographic objects
• 4.2 From lines to ribbons
• 4.3 Mutation of object geometric types
• 4.4 Fuzzy geographic objects
• 4.5 About altitude
• 4.6 Continuous fields
• 4.7 Quality and geometric homology relations
• 4.8 Geographic objects and projects
• 4.9 Final remarks concerning geographic objects

5: Geographic Relations

• Abstract
• 5.1 Spatial operations
• 5.1.3 Buffer zones
• 5.2 Spatial relations
• 5.3 Characteristics of spherical spatial relations
• 5.4 Spatial relations in urban space
• 5.5 Ribbon operations and relations
• 5.6 Mutation of topological relations according to the granularity of interest
• 5.7 Other geographic relations
• 5.8 Conclusion regarding geographic relations

6: Geographic Ontologies

• Abstract
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Generalities about ontologies
• 6.3 Towntology: ontologies for urban planning
• 6.4 Characteristics of geographic ontologies
• 6.5 Examples of geographic ontologies
• 6.6 Fusioning ontologies
• 6.7 Conclusion and challenges regarding geographic ontologies

7: Complex Geographic Objects and Structures

• Abstract
• 7.1 Simple collections
• 7.2 Ribbon graphs and networks
• 7.3 Tessellations
• 7.4 Shape grammars and applications to geographic objects
• 7.5 Complex geographic objects and their relations
• 7.6 Conclusion

8: Gazetteers and Multilingualism

• Abstract
• 8.1 Generalities
• 8.2 Examples
• 8.3 Existing systems
• 8.4 Inference rules for matching geographic ontologies and gazetteers in different languages
• 8.5 Enriching geographic knowledge bases by rules
• 8.6 Conclusion

9: Geographic Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining

• Abstract
• 9.1 Introduction to data mining
• 9.2 Elements of spatial data mining
• 9.3 Conclusion

10: Geographic Applicative Rules

• Abstract
• 10.1 About rules in information technology
• 10.2 Introductory example regarding street naming
• 10.3 Geographic knowledge and reasoning
• 10.4 Study of the semantics of the geographic rules
• 10.5 Toward applicative geographic rules modeling
• 10.6 Conclusion about applicative geographic rules

11: Geovisualization and Chorems

• Abstract
• 11.1 Graphics semiology
• 11.2 From vision analytics to geovisualization
• 11.3 Chorems
• 11.4 Dashboards for smart cities
• 11.5 Conclusions

12: GKS: Querying and Interoperability

• Abstract
• 12.1 Geographic queries
• 12.2 Geographic knowledge bases interoperability
• 12.3 Conclusion

13: Conclusion: Knowledge as Infrastructure for Smart Governance

• Abstract
• 13.1 Business Intelligence
• 13.2 GeoSpatial Business Intelligence or geo-intelligence
• 13.3 Territorial intelligence
• 13.4 Knowledge as infrastructure for smart governance
• 13.5 Conclusion, from knowledge to wisdom