General Botany

ContentsEditors Preface Authors Preface Chapter 1. The Molecular Constitution of Plants The Elemental Composition of Plants Carbon The Formation of Molecules, Origin of Life The Principal Molecular Building Units Macromolecules Selected Bibliography Chapter 2. The Structural Constitution of the Protoplasm The Basic Structure of the Protoplasm The Lamellar Structural Principal Selected Bibliography Chapter 3. The Cell The Cytoplasm Mitochondria(Chondriosomes ) Other Inclusions Plastids The Cell Nucleus The Cell Wall Selected Bibliography Chapter 4. Differentiation of the Cell Differentiation and Primary Cell Types Stages of Differentiation Mature Cell Types Selected Bd3liographyChapter 5. Types of Organization in Plants Protophytes Thallophytes Bryophytes Tracheophytes Selected Bibliography Chapter 6. Internal and External Structure of the Stem Tissue Differentiation and Primary Structure of the Stem Secondary Thickening Morphology of the Stem Selected Bibliography Chapter 7. The Leaf Arrangement of the Leaves On The Shoot Anatomy of the Foliage Leaf Metamorphoses of the Leaf Summary Selected Bibliography Chapter 8. The Root The Primary Structure of the Root Secondary Growth in Thickness Metamorphoses of the Root Selected Bibliography Chapter 9. Water and Salt Balance: Translocation of Materials The Water Balance of the Cell Water Uptake Transpiration Water Conduction Uptake of Mineral Salts Materials Transport Selected Bd3liography Chapter 10. Energy Procuring and Synthetic Processes in Autotrophic Plants Chemical Reactions and Energy Transfer in Plant Cells Biocatalysis Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Utilization of the Assimdlation Products Selected Bibliography Chapter 11. Respiration and Energy Transformations The Oxidative Breakdown of Carbohydrates Fermentation Direct Oxidation of Glucose Selected Bd3liography Chapter 12. Nitrogen Metabolism The Source of Nitrogen The Incorporation of Nitrogen Degradation of Nitrogenous Compounds The Nitrogen Cycle Selected Bibliography Chapter 13. Heterotrophy Saprophytes Parasites Symbiosis Insectivores Selected Bibliography Chapter 14. Reproduction Vegetative Reproduction Sexual Reproduction The Alternation of Generations Reproduction of the Spermatophytes The Reproduction of Fungi Selected Bibliography Chapter 15. Heredity The Analysis of the Genotype Chemical Nature of Genes Mutations Mode of Action of the Genes Selection of the Sexes Extrachromosomal Heredity Selected Bibliography Chapter 16. Development Growth of Unicellular Organisms Growth of the Higher Plants Control of Organ Development The Effect of External Factors On Development Rhythms of Development Selected Bibliography Chapter 17. Movement of Plants Mechanisms of Motion Free Locomotion Autonomic Movements Induction of Movements By Excitation Processes Radiation Effects Gravitational Effects Chemical Effects Mechanical Stimuli Selected Bibliography References Taxonomic Summary Evolution Summary Ecology SummarySubject Index