Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Synthesis and Applications in Agroecosystem

1st Edition - September 19, 2023
Editors: Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam, Heba I. Mohamed
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 2 4 1 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 2 4 2 - 2

Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Synthesis and Applications in Agroecosystem presents the properties and biotechnological applications of fungal metabolites and their industria… Read more

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Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Synthesis and Applications in Agroecosystem presents the properties and biotechnological applications of fungal metabolites and their industrial, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, and anticancer applications.
Chapters cover topics including the role of fungal metabolites in the management of biotic or abiotic stress, microbial alkaloids and their pharmaceutical and agricultural applications, and fungal metabolites as novel plant pathogen antagonists. In order to develop novel bioactive compounds, researchers must understand the agricultural applications of fungal metabolites. This book provides expert insights from around the globe highlighting the latest understanding and future prospects for their use.
Plant and agri-food environmental scientists, researchers, graduate, and post-graduate students in related fields will find value in this reference book which is published as part of the Nanobiotechnology for Plant Protection series.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Series Preface
Preface
Chapter 1: Synthesis and application of fungal secondary metabolites in agroecosystems: A note from the editors
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Fungal secondary metabolites
3: Biological application of fungal secondary metabolites
4: Role of fungal secondary metabolites against abiotic and biotic stress
5: Future applications
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Fungal secondary metabolites and their role in stress management
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Fungal association to overcome the stresses
3: Osmotic adjustment
4: Endophytic fungi
5: Fungal species and secondary metabolites
6: Role of fungus metabolites (Fig. 1, Table 1)
7: Fungal phytohormones
8: Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 3: Endophytic fungi: Plant growth-promoting phytohormones and their potential application
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Phytohormone and abiotic stress management
3: Application of endophytic fungal phytohormones
4: Challenges and future trends
5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Microbial alkaloids and their pharmaceutical and agricultural application
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Classification of alkaloids and their properties
3: Alkaloids production by endophytes
4: Alkaloids production by microbial biotransformation
5: Engineering microorganism to produce alkaloids
6: Microbial alkaloids in pharmaceutical application
7: Microbial alkaloids in agricultural application
8: Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Secondary metabolites of lichens and their application
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Lichens
3: A concise overview of the use of lichens
4: Lichen symbiosis
5: Components of lichen
6: Why form a dual organism?
7: History of lichen
8: Classification of lichens
9: What makes lichen different?
10: Importance of lichens
11: Industrial applications
12: Ecology of lichens
13: Pioneer of rock vegetation
14: Sensitivity to air pollutants
15: Medicinal importance of lichens
16: Diversity of secondary compounds in lichens
17: The lichens used in traditional medicine
18: Antimicrobial activity of some lichen metabolites
19: Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Biocontrol of Aspergillus and Penicillium mycotoxins: Benefits and limitations
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Mycotoxins by Aspergillus
3: Mycotoxins by penicillium
4: Effect of mycotoxins and their biocontrol strategies
5: Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 7: Biocontrol of mycotoxins: Dynamics and mechanisms of action
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biological control agents (BCAs)
3: Practice of using biocontrol agents for the control of mycotoxins
4: Screening of BCAs
5: Effect of environmental conditions on screening of BCAs
6: Principle of action
7: Factors affecting nontoxigenic spp. in reducing mycotoxin contamination
8: Biological control
9: Microbial strategies
10: Efficiency of aflatoxin biocontrol agents in different crops
11: Biological degradation of mycotoxins
12: Ruminal decontamination of mycotoxins
13: Utilization of enzymes
14: Foresee the future
References
Chapter 8: Applications of Verticillium spp. for inducing secondary metabolism in plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stress
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Definition and classification of SMs
3: Verticullium metabolites influence in the growth and defense of host plants
4: Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Fungal pigments: Secondary metabolites and their application
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Characteristics of fungal pigments
3: Taxonomic approaches for identification
4: Inorganic pigments
5: Fungal pigments extraction techniques
6: Types of fungal pigments
7: Fungal classes of biopigments
8: Roles of fungal pigments in fungi
9: Application of fungal pigments
10: Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Chitinases production and their application
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Chitin: Structure, characteristics, and applications
3: Chitinases’ structure and properties
4: Chitinases producing organisms
5: Applications of chitinases
6: Challenges
7: Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 11: Exopolysaccharides produced by fungi and their environmental applications
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: The fungal cell wall polymers
3: Compositions of EPS produced by different fungi
4: The production method of fungi polysaccharides
5: Parameters affecting polysaccharides production
6: Characterization of EPS
7: Functions of extracellular polymeric substances
8: Role of fungal EPSs as biofertilizers
9: Environmental applications of fungal EPS
10: Conclusions and future prospects
References
Chapter 12: Ergot alkaloids from Claviceps: Production and pharmacological properties
Abstract
1: History of ergot alkaloid
2: Introduction of ergot fungi
3: Ethnopharmacology of ergot
4: Endophytic Clavicipitaceae
5: Occurrence and chemistry of ergot alkaloids
6: Ergot's chemical makeup
7: Ergot alkaloid's biological action
8: Morphological characteristics of ergot
9: Life cycle of ergot
10: Relationship among ergot life cycle and alkaloids productivity
11: Production of alkaloids in artificial cultures
12: Pharmaceutical industry production of ergot alkaloids
13: Ergot genetic transformation
14: Pharmacological actions and therapeutical applications of ergot alkaloids
15: Therapeutic potential
16: Economic losses
17: Today's economic impact of ergot alkaloid
18: Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Fungal metabolites as anticancer agent and their agricultural applications
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Different types of fungal sources
3: Fungal secondary metabolites as a source of anticancer agents
4: Clinical reports of fungal metabolites used as anticancer agent
5: Agricultural applications of fungal secondary metabolites
6: Challenges and future prospectives
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Fungal metabolites and their role in remediation of environmental pollution
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Some biodegradable pollutants
3: Bioremediation
4: Fungi as bioremediation
5: Mechanism of actions
6: Fungal groups involved in bioremediation
7: Fungal enzymes in bioremediation
8: Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 15: Microbial plant growth promotors and their role in abiotic stress management
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: PGPs
3: Stress related to abiotic factors
4: Phytohormones and abiotic stress
5: Microbial PGPs alleviating abiotic stress
6: A case study on endophyte derived PGPs
7: Future prospects
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Enigmatic secondary metabolites: Microbial melanins and their applications
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Melanins in nature: Their structures and importance for living things
3: Biosynthesis, extraction, and characterization of melanin
4: Physical, chemical, and bioactive properties of melanins
5: The potential for use of melanins in pharmacology and medicine
6: The potential uses of melanins in cosmetics
7: The potential use of melanins in organic electronics
8: Anticorrosive property of eumelanin pigment
9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Microbial nanoenzymes: Features and applications
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Single atom-based nanozymes
3: Features of nanozymes
4: Classification of nanozymes
5: Properties
6: Applications of nanozymes
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Antimicrobial activity of Penicillium species metabolites
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Fungal secondary metabolites
3: Fungal secondary metabolite classes
4: Fungal bioactive secondary metabolites
5: Influences on penicillium secondary metabolites
6: Penicillium-derived major antimicrobial agents
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Safety concerns on biological contaminations in fermented foods: Special focus on fungi and mycotoxins
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biological contaminations in fermented foods
3: Fungal mycotoxins in fermented foods
4: Decontaminations of mycotoxins fermented foods: Challenges and opportunities
5: Conclusion(s)
References
Chapter 20: Fungal volatile organic compounds
Abstract
Acknowledgement
1: Introduction
2: Trichoderma sp.
3: Yeasts
4: Other microscopic fungi
5: Mushrooms
6: Selected applications in the food industry
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: Role of microbes in altering plant metabolome under stressful environments
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Microbe-mediated mechanisms in altering plant metabolome under stressful environments
3: Role of microbes in altering plant metabolome for better acquisition of nutrients
4: Role of microbes in altering plant metabolome to overcome biotic stress
5: Role of microbes in altering plant metabolome to overcome under abiotic stress
6: Role of microbes in altering plant metabolome to overcome osmotic stress
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Metabolic engineering of fungal secondary metabolism in plants for stress tolerance
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Metabolic engineering of Secondary metabolites
3: The role of metabolic pathways in the resistance of plants to stress
4: Differences in the mechanisms of overcoming stress by plants under the influence of rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms
5: Pesticides stress on crop plants
6: Fungal plant interactions
7: Role of endogenous fungal metabolites in host plant stress tolerance
8: Release of volatiles and cadaverine compounds by microorganisms to mitigate abiotic stress
9: Role of endogenous fungal metabolites in host plant disease resistance
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Differential fungal metabolite accumulation in response to abiotic and biotic stresses
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Various types of fungal secondary metabolites
3: Different fungi metabolites help in acquiring nutrients from the fungus
4: Various types of metabolites produced by the fungus under biotic stress
5: Various types of metabolites produced by the fungus under abiotic stress
6: Fungal pigments
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Response mechanism of plant stresses to secondary metabolites production
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Secondary metabolites
3: Role of secondary metabolites in plants
4: Importance of secondary metabolites in pharmacology
5: Plant secondary metabolites and their biological roles
6: Main secondary metabolites in medicinal plants
7: Secondary metabolites as regulators of plant defense
8: Secondary metabolites as regulators of growth and development
9: Secondary metabolites in plants and their production and transport mechanisms
10: Stress and defensive response originators of the secondary plant metabolism
11: Response of secondary metabolites to the production of salinity tolerance mechanism in plants
12: Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: Types and applications of potential antibiotics produced by fungi
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: History
3: Need for new antibiotics: Drug resistance
4: Some important antibiotics produced from fungi
5: Mechanism of action of antibiotics
6: Advancement in the production and optimization on an industrial scale
7: Antibiotics used in with human/animal diseases
8: Future of fungal metabolites
9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Role of fungal metabolites in pharmaceuticals, human health, and agriculture
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Fungal metabolite pathways
3: Fungal metabolites of pharmaceutical importance
4: Fungal metabolites related to human health
5: Fungal metabolites applications in agriculture
6: Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 27: Production of phenolic secondary metabolites by fungal endophytes: importance and implication
Abstract
Acknowledgement
1: Introduction
2: Symbiotic association of host plant and fungal endophyte
3: Biosynthesis of phenols
4: Classification
5: Production of phenolic compounds through fungal endophytes
6: Extraction of phenolic compounds
7: Significance of phenolic agents produced by fungal endophytes
8: Health benefits of phenols
9: A biological perspective on endophytic fungi
10: Conclusion
References
Index

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Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam

Heba I. Mohamed