Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook
The Definitive User's Guide
- 1st Edition - December 3, 2007
- Author: Laurence W. McKeen
- Language: English
The Handbook of Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes: The Definitive User's Guide is both a reference and a tutorial for understanding fluoropolymer coatings. It discusses the basics… Read more
The Handbook of Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes: The Definitive User's Guide is both a reference and a tutorial for understanding fluoropolymer coatings. It discusses the basics of fluorocoating formulations, including ingredients and production processes. Also covered are the coating and curing processes, and defects and trouble-shooting solutions when things do not work as expected, testing performance, and sample commercial applications. It addresses important questions frequently posed by end-user design engineers, coaters, and coatings suppliers in their quest for superior product qualities and shorter product and process development time.
Design engineers, formulators, coaters, fluoropolymer producers, materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemical engineers, and plastics engineers in industry, sales marketing, business and technical representatives in the fluoropolymer/fluorocoatings industries (aerospace, automotive, chemical, chemical process, consumer goods).
Preface
1. Fundamentals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Discovery of Fluoropolymers
1.3 What are Fluoropolymers?
1.4 Comparison of Fluoropolymer Properties
2. Producing Monomers, Polymers and Fluoropolymer Finishing
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Monomers
2.3 Polymerization
2.4 Finishing
3. Introductory Fluoropolymer Coating Formulations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Components of Paint
3.3 Important Properties of Liquid Coatings
4. Binders
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Adhesion
4.3 Non-Fluoropolymer Bindings
4.4 Effect of Temperature on Properties of Binders
4.5 Comparison of Properties of Non-Fluoropolymer Binders
5. Pigments, Fillers and Extenders
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Dispersion of Pigments
5.3 Measuring Dispersion Quality or Fineness
5.4 Dispersion Stabilization
5.5 Pigment or Particle Settling
5.6 Hard and Soft Settling
5.7 Functions of Pigments
5.8 Quantifying Pigment Concentrations in Formulations
5.9 Commercial Pigment Dispersions
6. Solvent Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Solids-Viscosity Relationships
6.3 Viscosity as a Function of Temperature
6.4 Evaporation
6.5 Solvent Composition and Evaporation Time
6.6 Solubility
6.7 Surface Tension and Wetting
6.8 N-Methyl-2 Pyrolidone (NMP)
6.9 Conductivity
6.10 Flash Point and Autoignition
7. Additives
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Abrasion Resistance Improvers, Antislip Aids
7.3 Acid Catalysts
7.4 Acid Scavengers
7.5 Adhesion Promoters, Coupling Agents
7.6 Algaecides, Biocides, Fungicides
7.7 Anti-Cratering Agent, Fisheye Preventer
7.8 Anti-Crawling Agent
7.9 Anti-Foaming Agent, Defoamer
7.10 Anti-Fouling Agent
7.11 Rust Inhibitor, Corrosion Inhibitor, Flash Rust Inhibitor
7.12 Anti-Sage Agent, Colloidal Additives, Thickeners, Rheology Modifiers
7.13 Anti-Settling Agent
7.14 Antistatic Agent, Electroconductive Additives
7.15 Coalescents, Coalescing Agent, Film Forming Agent
7.16 Deaerators
7.17 Degassing Agent
7.18 Dispersant, Dispersing Agent, or Surfactant
7.19 Flattening Agents
7.20 UV Absorbers and Stabilizers
7.21 Lubricants
7.22 Moisture Scavenger
7.23 pH Control Agent
7.24 Summary
8. Substrate and Substrate Preparation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Substrates
8.3 Substrate Preparation
8.4 Substrate Characterization
9. Liquid Formulations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Selecting Ingredients
9.3 Recipes and Formulas
9.4 Formulating Water-Based Coatings
9.5 Solvent-Based Coatings
9.6 Soluble Fluoropolymers
9.7 Mixing Liquid Coatings Prior to Use
9.8 Filtering/Straining
9.9 Shelf Life
9.10 Commercial Producers and Their Product Lines
10. Application of Liquid Coatings
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Liquid Spray Coating Application Technologies and Techniques
10.3 Liquid Bulk or Direct Coating Application Techniques
11. Powder Coating Fluoropolymers
11.1 What is Powder Coating?
11.2 Spray Powder Coating Process
11.3 Thick Film Coatings
11.4 Bulk Application: Fluidized Bed Coating
11.5 Commercial Powder Coating Products
12. Fluoropolymer Coating Processing Technology
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Baking and Curing, Physics or Chemistry
12.3 Monitoring Bake
12.4 Types of Ovens
13. Measurement of Coating Performance
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Viscosity Measurement
13.3 Density, Gallon Weight, or Liter Weight Measurement
13.4 Film Thickness
13.5 Wet Film Build
13.6 Adhesion
13.7 Environmental Exposure Testing
13.8 Coefficient of Friction
13.9 Abrasion/Erosion
13.10 Hardness
13.11 Cure
13.12 Cookware Testing
14. Recognizing, Understanding and Dealing with Coating Defects
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Surface Tension and Shear
14.3 Common Coating Defects
15. Commercial Applications and Uses
15.1 Introduction
15.2 A Historical Chronology of Fluoropolymer Finishes Technology
15.3 Food Contact
15.4 Commercial Applications of Fluorocoatings
16. Health and Safety
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Toxicology of Fluoropolymers
16.3 Safe Handling and Application of Liquid Fluoropolymer Coatings
16.4 Thermal Properties of Fluoropolymers
16.5 Removal of Fluoropolymer Films and Coatings
16.6 Fire Hazard
16.7 Spillage Cleanup
16.8 Personal Protective Equipment
16.9 Personal Hygiene
16.10 Food Contact and Medical Applications
16.11 Fluoropolymer Scrap and Recycling
16.12 Environmental Protection and Disposal Methods
Appendix 1: High Temperature Resistance of Fluoropolymers in Automotive Fuels
Appendix 2: Permeation of Organic and Inorganic Chemicals Through Fluoroplastic Films
Trade Names
Glossary
Index
1. Fundamentals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Discovery of Fluoropolymers
1.3 What are Fluoropolymers?
1.4 Comparison of Fluoropolymer Properties
2. Producing Monomers, Polymers and Fluoropolymer Finishing
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Monomers
2.3 Polymerization
2.4 Finishing
3. Introductory Fluoropolymer Coating Formulations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Components of Paint
3.3 Important Properties of Liquid Coatings
4. Binders
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Adhesion
4.3 Non-Fluoropolymer Bindings
4.4 Effect of Temperature on Properties of Binders
4.5 Comparison of Properties of Non-Fluoropolymer Binders
5. Pigments, Fillers and Extenders
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Dispersion of Pigments
5.3 Measuring Dispersion Quality or Fineness
5.4 Dispersion Stabilization
5.5 Pigment or Particle Settling
5.6 Hard and Soft Settling
5.7 Functions of Pigments
5.8 Quantifying Pigment Concentrations in Formulations
5.9 Commercial Pigment Dispersions
6. Solvent Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Solids-Viscosity Relationships
6.3 Viscosity as a Function of Temperature
6.4 Evaporation
6.5 Solvent Composition and Evaporation Time
6.6 Solubility
6.7 Surface Tension and Wetting
6.8 N-Methyl-2 Pyrolidone (NMP)
6.9 Conductivity
6.10 Flash Point and Autoignition
7. Additives
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Abrasion Resistance Improvers, Antislip Aids
7.3 Acid Catalysts
7.4 Acid Scavengers
7.5 Adhesion Promoters, Coupling Agents
7.6 Algaecides, Biocides, Fungicides
7.7 Anti-Cratering Agent, Fisheye Preventer
7.8 Anti-Crawling Agent
7.9 Anti-Foaming Agent, Defoamer
7.10 Anti-Fouling Agent
7.11 Rust Inhibitor, Corrosion Inhibitor, Flash Rust Inhibitor
7.12 Anti-Sage Agent, Colloidal Additives, Thickeners, Rheology Modifiers
7.13 Anti-Settling Agent
7.14 Antistatic Agent, Electroconductive Additives
7.15 Coalescents, Coalescing Agent, Film Forming Agent
7.16 Deaerators
7.17 Degassing Agent
7.18 Dispersant, Dispersing Agent, or Surfactant
7.19 Flattening Agents
7.20 UV Absorbers and Stabilizers
7.21 Lubricants
7.22 Moisture Scavenger
7.23 pH Control Agent
7.24 Summary
8. Substrate and Substrate Preparation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Substrates
8.3 Substrate Preparation
8.4 Substrate Characterization
9. Liquid Formulations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Selecting Ingredients
9.3 Recipes and Formulas
9.4 Formulating Water-Based Coatings
9.5 Solvent-Based Coatings
9.6 Soluble Fluoropolymers
9.7 Mixing Liquid Coatings Prior to Use
9.8 Filtering/Straining
9.9 Shelf Life
9.10 Commercial Producers and Their Product Lines
10. Application of Liquid Coatings
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Liquid Spray Coating Application Technologies and Techniques
10.3 Liquid Bulk or Direct Coating Application Techniques
11. Powder Coating Fluoropolymers
11.1 What is Powder Coating?
11.2 Spray Powder Coating Process
11.3 Thick Film Coatings
11.4 Bulk Application: Fluidized Bed Coating
11.5 Commercial Powder Coating Products
12. Fluoropolymer Coating Processing Technology
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Baking and Curing, Physics or Chemistry
12.3 Monitoring Bake
12.4 Types of Ovens
13. Measurement of Coating Performance
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Viscosity Measurement
13.3 Density, Gallon Weight, or Liter Weight Measurement
13.4 Film Thickness
13.5 Wet Film Build
13.6 Adhesion
13.7 Environmental Exposure Testing
13.8 Coefficient of Friction
13.9 Abrasion/Erosion
13.10 Hardness
13.11 Cure
13.12 Cookware Testing
14. Recognizing, Understanding and Dealing with Coating Defects
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Surface Tension and Shear
14.3 Common Coating Defects
15. Commercial Applications and Uses
15.1 Introduction
15.2 A Historical Chronology of Fluoropolymer Finishes Technology
15.3 Food Contact
15.4 Commercial Applications of Fluorocoatings
16. Health and Safety
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Toxicology of Fluoropolymers
16.3 Safe Handling and Application of Liquid Fluoropolymer Coatings
16.4 Thermal Properties of Fluoropolymers
16.5 Removal of Fluoropolymer Films and Coatings
16.6 Fire Hazard
16.7 Spillage Cleanup
16.8 Personal Protective Equipment
16.9 Personal Hygiene
16.10 Food Contact and Medical Applications
16.11 Fluoropolymer Scrap and Recycling
16.12 Environmental Protection and Disposal Methods
Appendix 1: High Temperature Resistance of Fluoropolymers in Automotive Fuels
Appendix 2: Permeation of Organic and Inorganic Chemicals Through Fluoroplastic Films
Trade Names
Glossary
Index
"An excellent book in which are presented extraordinarily valuable information."—Current Engineering Practice, Vol. 46, 2006
- Edition: 1
- Published: December 3, 2007
- Language: English
LM
Laurence W. McKeen
Larry McKeen has a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin and worked for DuPont Fluoroproducts from 1978–2014. As a Senior Research Associate (Chemist), he was responsible for new product development including application technology and product optimization for particular end-uses, and product testing. He retired from DuPont at the end of 2014 and is currently a consultant.
Affiliations and expertise
Independent Consultant and Retired Senior Research Associate, DuPont Fluoroproducts, USARead Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook on ScienceDirect