Flammability Testing of Materials Used in Construction, Transport, and Mining

2nd Edition - November 17, 2021
Editor: Vivek Apte
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 1 0 2 8 0 1 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 1 0 2 8 1 8 - 6

Flammability Testing of Materials used in Construction, Transport, and Mining, Second Edition provides an authoritative guide to current best practice in ensuring fire-safe… Read more

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Request a sales quote

Flammability Testing of Materials used in Construction, Transport, and Mining, Second Edition provides an authoritative guide to current best practice in ensuring fire-safe design.

The book begins by discussing the fundamentals of flammability, measurement techniques, and the main types of fire tests for various applications. Building on this foundation, a group of chapters then reviews tests for key materials used in the building, transport, and mining sectors. There are chapters on wood products, external cladding, and sandwich panels as well as the flammability of walls and ceilings linings. Tests for upholstered furniture and mattresses, cables, and electrical appliances are also reviewed. A final group of chapters discusses fire tests for the transport sector, including those for railway passenger cars, aircraft, road and rail tunnels, ships, and submarines. There is also a chapter on tests for spontaneous ignition of solid materials.

With its distinguished international team of contributors, Flammability Testing of Materials used in Construction, Transport, and Mining is an invaluable reference for fire safety, civil, chemical, mechanical, mining and transport engineers.

In this revised edition, the latest information is provided on fire testing of products, systems, components, and materials used across these essential sectors, with all regulations and standards brought up to date.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface to Second Edition
Contributors
Chapter 1 Considerations for material flammability
Abstract
1.1 Definition of flammability
1.2 Key aspects of flammability
1.3 Standardized bench-scale flammability tests
1.4 Standardized real-scale flammability tests
1.5 Customized flammability tests
1.6 Fire modeling as a complement to flammability testing
1.7 Likely future trends
References
Chapter 2 Fundamental measurement techniques
Abstract
2.1 Temperature measurements
2.2 Heat flux
2.3 Heat release rate
2.4 Smoke production rate
2.5 Mass loss rate
2.6 Heat of combustion
2.7 Soot and toxic gas yields
2.8 Ignition temperature and thermal inertia of solids
2.9 Error and uncertainty of measurements
References
Chapter 3 Flammability of wood construction products
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 European classes for the reaction to fire performance of building products
3.3 Reaction to fire performance of wood products
3.4 European K classes for fire protection ability
3.5 Fire protection ability for wood products
3.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4 Flammability tests for building facades
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Factors to consider when choosing a façade flammability test
4.3 Full-scale or intermediate-scale façade flammability test methods
4.4 Small- or bench-scale methods used to classify external cladding flammability
4.5 Building regulations
4.6 Performance in selected test methods
4.7 Specific tests for wildland urban interface (WUI) fire scenarios
4.8 The use of desktop studies to evaluate façade flammability
4.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Fire hazard assessment of wall and ceiling fire spread in rooms
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Classification systems and test methods
5.3 Flame spread models for room lining materials
5.4 Example of a thermal flame spread and fire model for combustible linings — B-RISK
5.5 Combustible surface linings in post-flashover fires
5.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Fire behavior of sandwich panels
Abstract
6.1 Introduction: description of sandwich panels
6.2 Typical fire problems related to sandwich panels
6.3 Overview of major recent developments in fire test methods
6.4 Overview of major test methods and approaches used by insurance companies
6.5 Recent research related to sandwich panels
6.6 Areas for further progress in testing of sandwich panels
References and bibliography
Chapter 7 Flammability tests for upholstered furniture and mattresses
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The role of upholstered furniture and mattresses in fires
7.3 Description of the burning behavior of upholstered furniture (Fleischmann and Hill, 2004)
7.4 Standard test methods for upholstered furniture and mattresses
7.5 Modeling of furniture fires
7.6 Additional information
References
Chapter 8 Cables
Abstract
8.1 Fire hazards related to cables
8.2 The European Union requirements on cables in the construction products regulation, CPR
8.3 Some results of research projects related to cables
8.4 Areas for further development
References
Chapter 9 Flammability tests for electrical appliances
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fire statistics
9.3 Fire performance
9.4 Standardisation/regulation
9.5 Environmental considerations
References
Chapter 10 Flammability tests for regulation of building and construction materials
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 United States flammability requirements
10.3 Canadian flammability requirements
10.4 European flammability requirements
10.5 Japanese flammability requirements
10.6 Chinese flammability requirements
10.7 Future trends
10.8 Sources of further information
References
Chapter 11 Fire testing in road and railway tunnels
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Overview of large-scale tunnel experiments
11.3 Description of large-scale tests
11.4 Summation of measured HRR data
11.5 Summation of the temperature data
11.6 Summation of flame length data
11.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12 Flammability tests for aircraft
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 FAA approvals for design and production of airplanes
12.3 FAA fire test requirements inside the fuselage for transport category airplanes
12.4 FAA fire test requirements outside the fuselage
12.5 Future FAA directions
References
Chapter 13 Flammability testing in the mining sector
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Regulated materials for flammability
13.3 Definitions and terms
13.4 Flammability tests and performance criteria
13.5 Evaluated materials/products
13.6 Future applications/trends
13.7 Summary
13.8 Sources of information
References
Chapter 14 Flammability tests for railway passenger cars
Abstract
14.1 Introduction and history
14.2 Small-scale testing
14.3 Tests on assemblies
14.4 Full-scale tests
14.5 Future trends
References
Chapter 15 Ships and submarines
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Ships
15.3 Submarines
15.4 Future trends
15.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16 Tests for spontaneous ignition of solid materials
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Heat-based methods: adiabatic and isothermal calorimetry
16.3 Heat-based methods: differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
16.4 Heat-based methods: basket heating
16.5 Heat-based methods: Chen's method
16.6 Heat-based methods: crossing-point temperature (CPT)
16.7 Non-heat-based methods: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
16.8 Non-heat-based methods: oxygen consumption and generation of gaseous oxidation products
16.9 Non-heat-based methods: generation of solid oxidation products
16.10 Advantages and drawbacks of various test methods
16.11 Conclusions
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Flammability Testing of Materials Used in Construction, Transport, and Mining

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Vivek Apte