Failure Analysis in Engineering Applications

Foreword Preface1 Strength of Materials and Kinds of Failure 1.1 Importance of Failure Analysis 1.2 Failures Can Cause Heavy Losses 1.3 Conditions for the Occurrence of Failures, and Causes of Failures 2 Procedure in Failure Analysis 2.1 Failure Analysis Items 2.2 Precautions in Actual Failure Analysis 2.3 Methods of Removing Metal Deposits 2.4 Useful Literature on Failure Analysis 3 Initiation and Propagation of Fatigue Cracks 3.1 Characteristics of Fatigue Failure 3.2 Initiation of Fatigue Cracks 3.3 Propagation of Fatigue Cracks 3.4 Final Fracture 4 Case Studies and Analysis of Failure 4.1 Failures Occurring About Use 4.2 Failure of a Crane Head Sheave Hanger 4.3 Failure of a Wire Rope 4.4 Failure of Transmission Shaft 4.5 Failure of Crank of an Overcurrent Breaker 4.6 Failure of Discharge Wires of an Electrostatic Space Cleaner (ESC) 4.7 Failure of Fastening Screws (Fatigue Failure) 4.8 Environmental Failure of Fastening Screws 4.9 Failure of Gears 4.10 Failure of Piping Valves 4.11 Failure of Pipeline Before Service 4.12 Failures Starting from Welds In Machines and Equipment 4.13 Failures in Rolls 4.14 Failures in Rail Joints Conclusion Appendix 1 Conversion of Units Appendix 2 Models of Fatigue Cracks Propagation Appendix 3 Notch Factors for Various Kinds Of Rod Specimen Appendix 4 Typical Fracture Surfaces Observed by SEM Index