Experimental Methods in Catalytic Research

List of Contributors

Preface


1. Kinetics of Catalytic Reactions

I. Introduction

II. Definition of Reaction Rate and Selectivity

III. Types of Small Experimental Reactors

IV. Some Details of Small Reactor Systems

V. Notes on Catalytic Kinetics Experiments

References


2. Determination of Surface Area and Pore Structure of Catalysts

I. Introduction

II. Physical Adsorption Methods

III. Mercury Intrusion Methods

IV. Chemisorption Methods

V. X-Ray Methods

VI. Microscopic Methods

VII. Radioactive Isotope Methods

VIII. Flow Rate and Diffusion Methods

IX. Miscellaneous Methods

X. Comparison of Methods

XI. Molecular Size Pore Materials

List of Symbols

References


3. Surface Potentials

I. General Principles

II. Principles of Measurement of Work Functions and the Surface Potential .

III. Experimental Methods

IV. Applications to Catalytic Problems

References


4. Field Electron and Field Ion Emission Microscopy

I. Introduction

II. Field Emission Microscopy

III. Field Ion Microscopy

IV. Summary

V. Appendix

References


5. Chemisorption in Ultrahigh Vacuum Systems

I. Introduction

II. Flash Desorption Spectrometry

III. Evaporated Films

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


6. Low Energy Electron Diffraction

I. Introduction

II. Apparatus

III. The Clean Surface

IV. Applications to the Study of Surface Reactions

References


7. Measurements of Semiconductivity, Photoconductivity, and Associated Properties of Catalysts

I. Electrical Conductivity

II. Photocatalytic Phenomena and Measurements of Photoconductivity

III. Thermal Glow Curves

IV. Hall Coefficient Measurements

V. Photoelectromagnetic Effect

VI. Thermoelectric Phenomena: Seebeck Effect

VII. Summary

References


8. Spectra of Adsorbed Species

I. Introduction

II. Vibrational Spectra

III. Electronic Spectra

References


9. Measurement of Acidity of Surfaces

I. Introduction

II. Aqueous Methods

III. Nonaqueous Liquid Phase Methods

IV. Adsorption from the Gas Phase

V. Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Reactions

VI. Indicator Reactions

VII. Optical Spectroscopy

VIII. Newer, Less Commonly Applied Methods

IX. Summary

References


10. Conventional Magnetic Methods in Catalysis

I. Forms of Magnetism

II. Force Produced by Magnetism

III. Techniques

IV. Applications

V. Conclusions

List of Symbols

References


11. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

I. Introduction

II. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

III. Resonance in Solids

IV. Anisotropic Effects

V. Applications to Catalysis

VI. Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index