Essentials of Internal Medicine

4th Edition - February 1, 2020
Imprint: Elsevier
Authors: Nicholas J. Talley, Simon O’Connor, Brad Frankum
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 4 3 1 2 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 8 7 4 5 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 8 7 4 4 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 8 7 4 6 - 4

Written by Nicholas J Talley, Simon O’Connor and Brad Frankum, this engaging and instructive text provides practical pathways to diagnosis and up-to-date strategies for implement… Read more

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Written by Nicholas J Talley, Simon O’Connor and Brad Frankum, this engaging and instructive text provides practical pathways to diagnosis and up-to-date strategies for implementing evidence-based treatments for prevalent conditions.

Learn how to:

identify what is clinically important
understand and investigate disease
create an effective strategy for treatment
use technological diagnostic tools.

This new edition of Essentials of Internal Medicine 4e describes established and trusted diagnostic techniques to equip students and trainees with the skills to succeed in their profession. The visually dynamic text offers a framework of knowledge covering core facts and addressing difficult-to-master topics such as:

holistic approach to patient treatment
the importance of diagnosis
the physician's role in public health
the physician as scholar.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
FOREWORD
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CONTRIBUTORS
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Chapter 1: INTERNAL MEDICINE IN THE 21st CENTURY—BEST PRACTICE, BEST OUTCOMES
GENERAL VERSUS SUB-SPECIALTY MEDICINE
THE IMPORTANCE OF DIAGNOSIS
THE PHYSICIAN’S ROLE IN PUBLIC HEALTH
THE PHYSICIAN AS SCHOLAR
Chapter 2: EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE LITERATURE
CHAPTER OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
ASSESSING THE EVIDENCE
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE LITERATURE
INTERPRETING A STUDY’S FINDINGS
INTERPRETING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
SCREENING
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 3: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1 PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS
THE INNOCENT BYSTANDER
2 QUALITY USE OF MEDICINES
GETTING IT RIGHT
PRESCRIBING
DEPRESCRIBING
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
DRUG INTERACTIONS
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (TDM)
DRUG REGULATION
DRUG RESEARCH
3 TOXICOLOGY
SOURCES OF POISONS INFORMATION AND ADVICE
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF POISONED PATIENTS
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT OF POISONED PATIENTS
COMMON POISONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
DRUGS OF ABUSE OR MISUSE
CHEMICALS
SPIDER BITES
SNAKE BITES
MARINE ENVENOMATION
TERRORISM, AND USE OF MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES
Chapter 4: GENETICS
CHAPTER OUTLINE
OVERVIEW
THE FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION
GENETIC VARIATION
HUMAN DISEASE GENES
MENDELIAN DISEASES
BREAST CANCER PREDISPOSITION GENES
BREAST AND OVARIAN CANCER PREDISPOSITION GENES
CALCULATING THE RISKS OF DISEASE
GENETIC TESTING IN MEDICINE
COMMON CHROMOSOMAL GENETIC CONDITIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 5: MEDICAL IMAGING FOR INTERNISTS
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1 CHEST RADIOGRAPHY
PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION IN CHEST X-RAYS
2 THORACIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION IN CHEST CT
3 ABDOMINAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION
PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION IN ABDOMINAL CT
4 ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND
BACKGROUND—ULTRASOUND PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLES OF ULTRASOUND INTERPRETATION
LOWER LIMB DUPLEX ULTRASOUND
5 HEAD COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
CT BRAIN PROTOCOLS
PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION IN BRAIN CT
6 HEAD MAGNETIC RESONANCE
MRI PROTOCOLS
PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION IN BRAIN MR
7 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)
Chapter 6: PULMONOLOGY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE
IMPORTANT CLINICAL CLUES
OVERVIEW OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ACID–BASE DISTURBANCES FROM A PULMONARY PERSPECTIVE
MEASUREMENT OF LUNG FUNCTION
CONTROL OF BREATHING
RESPIRATORY TRACT DEFENSES
GENETICS OF LUNG DISEASE
PULMONARY DISORDERS
DISEASES OF THE AIRWAYS
EOSINOPHILIC PULMONARY DISORDERS
PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE
PULMONARY INFECTIONS
PLEURAL DISEASE
PNEUMOTHORAX
PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE
LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
RESPIRATORY SLEEP MEDICINE
2. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
RESUSCITATION
DIAGNOSIS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF THE LUNGS
Chapter 7: CARDIOLOGY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT
INVESTIGATION OF CARDIAC DISEASE
DYSLIPIDEMIA
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
MITRAL VALVE DISEASE
AORTIC VALVE DISEASE
TRICUSPID VALVE DISEASE
PULMONARY VALVE DISEASE
CARDIOMYOPATHIES
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
CONDUCTION DEFECTS
CARDIAC FAILURE
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
PERICARDIAL DISEASES
Chapter 8: HYPERTENSION
CHAPTER OUTLINE
MECHANISMS OF HYPERTENSION
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR HYPERTENSION AND ITS EFFECTS
DEFINITIONS OF HYPERTENSION
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS
TARGET-ORGAN EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSION
TREATMENT AND TARGETS FOR HYPERTENSION CONTROL
TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC PRIMARY HYPERTENSION
TREATMENT IN AN ACUTE SETTING
Chapter 9: NEPHROLOGY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
INHERITED CYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE
ACQUIRED KIDNEY CYSTIC DISEASE
KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT INFECTION
INHERITED RENAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE DISEASE
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (GN)
SCLEROSING GLOMERULAR DISEASE
VASCULAR RENAL DISEASE
THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (TTP)/HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME (HUS)
MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION
SCLERODERMA KIDNEY
REFLUX NEPHROPATHY
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE—ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI)
TUBULO-INTERSTITIAL DISEASES
ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS
INHERITED ‘CHANNELOPATHIES’ ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION OR HYPO/HYPERKALEMIA
THE KIDNEYS IN PREGNANCY AND PREGNANCY-RELATED DISEASES
Chapter 10: ENDOCRINOLOGY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
DISORDERS OF THE PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMUS
THYROID DISORDERS
DISORDERS OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
ADRENAL DISORDERS
GROWTH AND PUBERTY
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS (NETs)
DISORDERS OF MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
DIABETES AND METABOLISM
Chapter 11: GASTROENTEROLOGY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
SMALL BOWEL
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY
LARGE BOWEL
COLON CANCER SCREENING
GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING
PANCREAS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Chapter 12: HEPATOLOGY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LIVER FUNCTION TESTS AND THEIR ABNORMALITIES
APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH LIVER DISEASE
BILIRUBIN METABOLISM AND JAUNDICE
VIRAL HEPATITIS
CIRRHOSIS
ASCITES
HEPATORENAL SYNDROME (HRS)
HYPONATREMIA
SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS (SBP)
PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE BLEEDING
PORTOSYSTEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (PSE)
HEPATOPULMONARY SYNDROME (HPS)
CIRRHOTIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
ACUTE LIVER FAILURE (ALF)
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
DRUGS AND THE LIVER
ALCOHOL AND THE LIVER
SPECIFIC LIVER DISEASES
AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASES
SYSTEMIC DISEASE AND THE LIVER
PREGNANCY AND LIVER DISEASE
GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TREE
PORPHYRIAS
Chapter 13: HEMATOLOGY
HEMOSTASIS
VENOUS THROMBOSIS
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME (APS)
THROMBOSIS AT UNUSUAL SITES
CANCER AND THROMBOSIS
BLEEDING DISORDERS
PLATELET DISORDERS
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)
COAGULOPATHY IN INTENSIVE CARE PATIENTS
MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
LEUKEMIA
NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS
HODGKIN LYMPHOMA (HL)
PLASMA CELL DISORDERS
ANEMIA
Acknowledgment
Chapter 14: ONCOLOGY
WHAT IS CANCER?
PREVENTION
DIAGNOSIS
PROGNOSIS
TREATMENT PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLES OF CHEMOTHERAPY
PRINCIPLES OF RADIOTHERAPY
TREATMENT RESPONSIVENESS
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY
FAMILIAL CANCERS AND CANCER GENETICS
ONCOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
TUMOR MARKERS IN SERUM
PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME
CANCER WITH UNKNOWN PRIMARY (CUP)
LUNG CANCER
RENAL CANCER
TUMORS OF THE PELVIS, URETER AND BLADDER
PROSTATE CANCER
TESTIS CANCER
HEAD AND NECK CANCER
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
GASTRIC CANCER
COLORECTAL CANCER
PANCREATIC CANCER
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
BRAIN TUMORS
LYMPHOMA
MELANOMA
NON-MELANOMA SKIN CANCER
SARCOMA
BREAST CANCER
OVARIAN CANCER
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
CANCER SURVIVORSHIP
Chapter 15: PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
PAIN
MUCOSITIS
FATIGUE
NAUSEA AND VOMITING
CACHEXIA AND ANOREXIA
BREATHLESSNESS
CONSTIPATION
DELIRIUM
INSOMNIA
Chapter 16: IMMUNOLOGY
KEY CONCEPTS IN IMMUNOBIOLOGY
ALLERGIC DISEASE
EOSINOPHILIA
MAST CELL DISORDERS
SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
PRIMARY VASCULITIS
AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
HIV/AIDS
Chapter 17: MUSCULOSKELETAL MEDICINE
AN APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH PAINFUL JOINTS
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)
SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES
CRYSTAL ARTHROPATHIES
RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS (RP)
OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)
GENETIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS
PAINFUL SHOULDERS
TENNIS ELBOW AND GOLFER’S ELBOW
PLANTAR FASCIITIS
FIBROMYALGIA
SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN
CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
Chapter 18: NEUROLOGY
DISORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
HEADACHE
STROKE
INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (SAH)
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA)
DEMENTIA
SEIZURES AND THE EPILEPSIES
BALANCE, DIZZINESS AND VERTIGO
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND CNS INFLAMMATION
NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SARCOIDOSIS AND BEHçET’S DISEASE
NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
Chapter 19: PSYCHIATRY FOR THE INTERNIST
DEPRESSION
ANXIETY DISORDERS
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
SOMATIZATION
EATING DISORDERS
SUICIDE AND DELIBERATE SELF-HARM
PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS
Chapter 20: CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CLINICAL APPROACH TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES
DIAGNOSTICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
SELECTED COMMON CLINICALLY IMPORTANT ORGANISMS
ANTI-INFECTIVE TREATMENT
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
SPECIFIC SYNDROMES
INFECTIONS IN SPECIAL HOSTS AND POPULATIONS
SYSTEMIC VIRAL INFECTIONS
INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Chapter 21: IMMUNIZATION
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
IMMUNIZING AGENTS
FACTORS AFFECTING IMMUNOGENICITY
BOOSTER DOSES
IMMUNIZATION IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP)
ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION OF ADULTS
Chapter 22: DERMATOLOGY FOR THE PHYSICIAN
AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE SKIN
SKIN PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERLYING SYSTEMIC DISEASE
GENETIC OR CONGENITAL SKIN DISEASES
SKIN DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH MALIGNANCY
Chapter 23: MEDICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
OCULAR HISTORY
OCULAR EXAMINATION
OCULAR CONDITIONS
UVEITIS
THYROID-RELATED ORBITOPATHY
DRY EYE
NEOPLASIA AND THE EYE
NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
PHAKOMATOSES
OCULAR EFFECTS OF SYSTEMIC MEDICATION
Chapter 24: WOMEN’S HEALTH FOR THE PHYSICIAN
INFERTILITY
CONTRACEPTION
MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
DYSMENORRHEA
VULVAR CONDITIONS
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs)
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
SEXUAL PROBLEMS
Chapter 25: OBSTETRIC MEDICINE
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL OBSTETRIC CARE
DIABETES IN PREGNANCY
HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN PREGNANCY
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM (VTE) IN PREGNANCY
THYROID DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY
COMMON GASTROENTEROLOGICAL AND LIVER DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY
VIRAL INFECTION IN PREGNANCY
IMMUNOLOGICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY
CARDIAC DISEASE IN PREGNANCY
OBESITY IN PREGNANCY
NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN PREGNANCY
Chapter 26: GERIATRIC MEDICINE
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AGING
THEORIES OF AGING
PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING
PATHOLOGY: DISEASE IN OLDER PEOPLE
ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF ACUTE ILLNESS
GERIATRICS, THE 5M’S AND THE ROLE OF THE GERIATRICIAN
APPROACH TO COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS
INDEX

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Essentials of Internal Medicine

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Nicholas J. Talley

Simon O’Connor

Brad Frankum

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