Engineering Surveying

Preface1 Basic Concepts of Surveying Definition Basic Measurements Control Networks Locating Position Errors in Measurement Types of Error Summary2 Simple and Precise Leveling Basic Concepts Equipment Instrument Adjustment Principle of Leveling Comparison of Methods Contouring Precise Leveling Precise Leveling Equipment Sources of Error Accuracy3 Earthworks Areas Volumes Mass Haul Diagrams4 The Theodolite and its Application Basic Concepts Tests and Adjustments Theodolite Traversing Traverse Computation Sources of Error Location of Gross Error Areas by Coordinates Partition of Land5 Optical Distance-Measurement Vertical-Staff Tacheometry Application Subtense Tacheometry Further Optical Distance Measuring Equipment6 Curves Circular Curves Setting out Curves Compound and Reverse Curves Short and/or Small-Radius Curves Transition Curves Setting-out Data Cubic Spiral and Cubic Parabola Curve Transitional throughout The Osculating Circle Highway Transition Curve Tables (Metric) Vertical Curves7 Underground and Hydrographic Surveying Underground Surveying Gyro-Theodolite Line and Level Hydrographic Surveying8 Setting Out (Dimensional Control) Protection and Referencing Basic Setting-Out Procedures Using Coordinates Technique for Setting out a Direction Use of Grids Setting Out Buildings Controlling Verticality Controlling Grading Excavation Use of Lasers Rotating Lasers Laser Hazards Route Location Responsibility on Site Responsibility of the Setting-out EngineerAppendices to Chapters 3 and 6AbbreviationsIndex