Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater

1st Edition - August 27, 2022
Editors: Akil Ahmad, Rajeev Kumar, Mohammad Jawaid
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 8 8 0 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 8 8 1 - 4

Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater explores the different physical and chemical methods that can be used to remove toxins from wastewater, includ… Read more

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Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater explores the different physical and chemical methods that can be used to remove toxins from wastewater, including adsorption, solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation, filtration and photocatalytic degradation. Bringing together contributions from leading experts in the field, the book covers each of the different techniques in detail, combining emergent research outcomes with fundamental theoretical concepts to provide a clear appraisal of the different techniques available, along with their applications. It is an essential recourse for researchers, industrialists and students concerned with the remediation of toxic metals from water and wastewater.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
Contributors
About the Editors
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction of adsorption techniques for heavy metals remediation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Adsorption: A viable physicochemical method for removing toxic heavy metals
1.3 Microbes as adsorbents
1.4 Lignocellulosic material as adsorbent
1.5 Industrial wastes as adsorbents
1.6 Natural waste adsorbents
1.7 Derived and hybrid adsorbents
1.8 Nanomaterial absorbents
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Electrical and mechanical properties of electroconductive membranes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Electrical property
2.3 Mechanical property
2.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Amberlite XAD resins for separation and preconcentration of metal ions
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Use of chelating resin for metal ions extraction
3.3 Mechanism of chelation
3.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Plant leaves waste for removal of metal ions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Plant leaves as adsorbents
4.3 Adsorption mechanism
4.4 Adsorption kinetics and isotherms
4.5 Recovery and regeneration
4.6 Conclusive remarks and future perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5 Fruit stones as green materials for wastewater remediation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Removal of heavy metals from wastewater
5.3 Removal of some heavy metals by fruit stones and fruit seeds as biosorbents
5.4 Core-shell nanocomposites for heavy metal remediation
5.5 Future perspectives
References
Chapter 6 Carbon-based nanocomposites for the remediation of metal from wastewater
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Health effect of the toxic heavy metals
6.3 Synthesis and metal adsorption process of carbon-based nanocomposites
6.4 Factor control the metal absorption capacity of the nanocomposites
6.5 Desorption and regeneration of the adsorbent
6.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Activated carbon as potential material for heavy metals removal from wastewater
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials for activated carbon synthesis
7.3 Preparation and activation of activated carbon
7.4 Different forms of AC
7.5 Heavy metal adsorption mechanism of AC
7.6 Future challenges and limitation
7.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Fruit peels as effective materials for heavy metal remediation from the aqueous environment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Activated carbon from different peels
8.3 Future perspectives
References
Chapter 9 Application of agro-based adsorbent for removal of heavy metals
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Textile industry and water pollution
9.3 Heavy metals contamination
9.4 Conventional treatment techniques for heavy metals removal
9.5 Adsorption
9.6 Adsorbents and their application for heavy metal removal
9.7 Conclusion
Recommendations
References
Chapter 10 Application of metal-based nanoparticles for metal removal for treatments of wastewater -- a review
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Metals-based nanoparticles
10.3 Adsorption mechanism of heavy metals by nanometal/oxides
10.4 Factors influencing adsorption capacity of metal-based nanometals
10.5 Conclusion and perspectives
10.6 Declaration of competing interest
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11 Graphene oxide-based nanofiltration membranes for separation of heavy metals
11.1 Introduction
11.2 HMs and their toxicity in water bodies
11.3 Types of filtration membranes
11.4 Graphene family and graphene oxide
11.5 GO-based nanofiltration membranes (GO-NFMs)
11.6 Characterization of GO nanosheets and GO-NFMs
11.7 GO-NFMs for removal of HMs from water
11.8 Conclusion and Recommendation
Future challenges
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 12 The use of PVDF membrane for wastewater treatment
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Wastewater treatment
12.3 Pollutant removal using PVDF membranes
12.4 Conclusions and future prospects
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 13 Polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration membrane for treatment of toxic metal contaminated water
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Strategies for PES membranes modification
13.3 Characterization of performance of modified PES membrane
13.4 Nanofiltration membrane for metal removal/rejection
13.5 Future perspective
13.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 14 Potential use of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for remediation of metal contaminants
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Principles of membrane fouling
14.3 The UF benefits and limitations in oil-based water treatment
14.4 Modification methods for UF
14.5 Removal of metal ions
14.6 UF membrane problems associated with water treatment
14.7 Conclusion, challenges, and future perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 15 Application and fabrication of nanofiltration membrane for separation of metal ions from wastewater
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Fundamentals of nanofiltration
15.3 Nanofiltration membrane preparation and modification
15.4 Nanomaterial based nanofiltration membranes
15.4 Application of nanofiltration membrane for separation of metal ions from wastewater
15.4 Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 16 Photocatalytic reduction of highly toxic lead and cadmium from aqueous solution
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Heavy metals in wastewater
16.3 Wastewater treatment technologies
16.4 Nanotechnology for wastewater treatment
16.5 Advanced oxidation processes
16.6 Photocatalysis
16.7 Photocatalyst and their application for heavy metal removal
16.8 Lead toxicity and removal
16.9 Cadmium toxicity and removal
16.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Polymers-based nanocomposites for decontamination of water matrices
17.1 Wastewater contaminants
17.2 Methods available to overcome wastewater contaminants
17.3 Biopolymers as efficient sorbents
17.4 Biopolymers based nanobiosorbents
17.5 Nanobiosorbents for cations removal from wastewater
17.6 Nanosorbents for dyes removal from wastewater
17.7 Nanosorbents for other contaminants removal from wastewater
17.8 Conclusion and future prospects
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 18 Metal-organic frameworks for reduction of heavy metals
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Methods for the removal of heavy metals
18.3 Sorption using various sorbents
18.4 Structural features and properties of MOFs and MOF-based adsorbents
18.5 MOFs as efficient sorbents
18.6 The mechanism for sorption of HMs
18.7 Conclusion and future prospects
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interests
References
Chapter 19 Use of Carbon based photocatalyst for metal removal
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Various heavy metal in water and its ill effects on health
19.3 Various methods to remove metals from wastewater
19.4 Advantages of photocatalyst over other techniques
19.5 Principle of photocatalysis
19.6 Conclusion and future prospect
References
Chapter 20 Photocatalytic treatment of wastewater using nanoporous aerogels: Opportunities and challenges
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Aerogels
20.3 Principles of aerogel synthesis
20.4 Classification of photocatalytic aerogels
20.5 Aerogel-photocatalytic cleaning of wastewater
20.6 Challenges and future perspectives
20.7 Conclusions and outlooks
References
Chapter 21 Nanofiltration membrane use for separation of heavy metals from wastewater
21.1 What is pollution?
21.2 Water pollution and wastewater
21.3 Heavy metal pollutants and treatments
21.4 Separation technology and processes
21.5 Membrane technology and productive methods
21.6 Nanofiltration techniques
21.7 Role nanofiltration membrane with heavy metal in wastewater treatment
21.8 Synthesis and development of nanofiltration membrane
21.9 Current challenges and future research
21.10 Commercial aspects of nanofiltration research
21.11 Conclusions
References
Index

Akil Ahmad

Akil Ahmad is a Research Fellow at University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa as Postdoctoral Fellow. He was previously Visiting Researcher of Chemical Engineering, Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia. His research interest in the areas of environmental pollutants and their safe removal, synthesis of nanoparticles and Nano-sorbents (GO, CNT), photo-degradation and antimicrobial effects, preparation of various Chelating sorbents/adsorbent to prevent the environment, water and wastewater treatment, adsorption and ion-exchange, instrumental methods of analysis, thermodynamic and kinetic studies, and preconcentration and method validation with standard reference materials.

Affiliations and expertise

Research Fellow, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Rajeev Kumar

Rajeev Kumar received a M.Sc. in Analytical Chemistry (2006), and M. Phil (2008) and Ph.D. degree in Applied Chemistry (2011) from Aligarh Muslim University, India. He is currently working as associate professor at the Environmental Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. His research activities are in the areas of wastewater treatment and material science. Rajeev studies the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of the nanomaterials for the removal of contaminants from wastewater. He has published more than 50 research articles and chapters in the journals such as the Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, RSC Advances, Journal of Environmental Sciences, Journal of environmental management, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Desalination etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Environmental Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mohammad Jawaid

Dr. Mohammad Jawaid is currently affiliated with the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at United Arab Emirates University. Previously he was a senior fellow (professor) in the Laboratory of Biocomposites Technology at the Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is an eminent scientist with more than twenty years of teaching, and research experience in composite materials. His research interests include hybrid reinforced/filled polymer composites, and advanced materials such as graphene/

nanoclay/fire retardant, lignocellulosic reinforced/filled polymer composites, and the modification and treatment of lignocellulosic fibres and solid wood, and nanocomposites and nanocellulose fibres.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

Life Sciences

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Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater

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Akil Ahmad

Rajeev Kumar

Mohammad Jawaid