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Emerging Applications of Molecular Imaging to Oncology

1st Edition - September 25, 2014

Editors: Martin Pomper, Paul B. Fisher

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 1 6 3 8 - 2

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 1 6 3 4 - 4

Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here, once again, outstanding and original reviews are… Read more

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Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here, once again, outstanding and original reviews are presented on a variety of topics. This volume, number 124, covers emerging applications of molecular imaging to oncology, including molecular-genetic imaging, imaging the tumor microenvironment, tracking cells and vaccines in vivo, and more.

Preface
Chapter One: Quantitative Radiology: Applications to Oncology
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Radiological Characterization of Tumors
- 3 Quantitative Radiology
- 4 Future Directions
- 5 Conclusion
Chapter Two: The Intricate Role of CXCR4 in Cancer
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 CXCR4/CXCL12 Signaling
- 3 Expression and Physiological Functions of the CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis
- 4 Role of CXCR4 in Cancer
- 5 CXCR4 Antagonists as Therapeutic and Imaging Agents
- 6 Peptides and Peptidomimetics
- 7 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Three: Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Nuclear Imaging of Cancers
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Lipid-Based Nanoparticles
- 3 Dendrimers
- 4 Polymers
- 5 Quantum Dots
- 6 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
- 7 Gold Nanoparticles
- 8 Carbon Nanotubes
- 9 Silica-Based Nanoparticles
- 10 Conclusion
Chapter Four: Molecular-Genetic Imaging of Cancer
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Promoters
- 3 Reporters
- 4 Signal Enhancement of Reporters
- 5 Prolonged Expression of Reporters
- 6 Machinery for Gene Delivery
- 7 Size and Immunogenicity
- 8 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Five: Real-Time Fluorescence Image-Guided Oncologic Surgery
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Fluorescence Imaging Systems for Intraoperative Procedures
- 3 Current Intraoperative Optical Image Guidance Systems
- 4 Fluorescent Agents Used in Image-Guided Surgery
- 5 Clinical Applications of Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery
- 6 Future Directions
- 7 Concluding Remarks
Chapter Six: Cerenkov Imaging
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Cerenkov Radiation Physics (Simplified)
- 3 Application of Cerenkov in Biological Sciences: CLI
- 4 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Seven: Molecular Imaging of the Tumor Microenvironment for Precision Medicine and Theranostics
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Imaging and PM/Theranostics of the Physiological Microenvironment
- 3 The ECM and Its Enzymes
- 4 Endothelial Cells and Tumor Vasculature
- 5 Lymphatic Endothelial Cells, Lymphatics, and Interstitial Pressure
- 6 Stromal Components of the TME and Their Role in PM
- 7 Intraoperative Optical Imaging
- 8 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Eight: Tracking Cellular and Immune Therapies in Cancer
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Molecular Imaging Approaches to Cancer Immunotherapy
- 3 Radionuclide Methods in the Preclinical and Clinical Settings
- 4 MRI Methods in the Preclinical and Clinical Settings
- 5 Opportunities for Improvements and Future Directions
- 6 Conclusions
Chapter Nine: Developing MR Probes for Molecular Imaging
- Abstract
- 1 General Overview
- 2 T1, T2, T2* Relaxivity-Based Agents
- 3 CEST Probes: Multiple Labeling Frequencies
- 4 ¹⁹F Probes: Hot-Spot Imaging
- 5 Hyperpolarized Imaging Probes
Chapter Ten: Clinical Translation of Molecular Imaging Agents Used in PET Studies of Cancer
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 FDG—Lessons Learnt
- 3 Stages to Development of a New Radiotracer
- 4 Translating Deregulated Nature-Identical Biochemicals
- 5 Translating Cell Surface and Intracellular Receptors as Predictive Biomarkers
- 6 Translating Probes for Visualization of Life and Death Signals in the Cell
- 7 Translating Tools to Assess Host–Tumor Microenvironment Interactions
- 8 Translating Labeled Drugs and Drug Analogs
- 9 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
Index

Martin Pomper

Affiliations and expertise

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Paul B. Fisher

Paul B. Fisher, MPh, PhD, FNAI, Professor and Chairman, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Director, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine Thelma Newmeyer Corman Chair in Cancer Research in the VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, and Emeritus Professor, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY. Dr. Fisher is among the top 10% of NIH funded investigators over the past 35-years, published approximately 625 papers and reviews, and has 55 issued patents. He pioneered novel gene/discovery approaches (subtraction hybridization), developed innovative therapeutic approaches (Cancer Terminator Viruses), presented numerous named and distinguished lectures, founded several start-up companies, was Virginia Outstanding Scientist of 2014 and elected to the National Academy of Inventors in 2018. Dr. Fisher is a prominent nationally and internationally recognized cancer research scientist focusing on understanding the molecular and biochemical basis of cancer development and progression to metastasis and using this garnered information to develop innovative approaches for diagnosing and treating cancer. He discovered and patented novel genes and gene promoters relevant to cancer growth control, differentiation and apoptosis. His discoveries include the first cloning of p21 (CDK inhibitor), human polynucleotide phosphorylase, mda-9/syntenin (a pro-metastatic gene), mda-5 and mda-7/IL-24, which has shown promising clinical activity in Phase I/II clinical trials in patients with advanced cancers. Dr. Fisher alsohas a documented track record as a successful seasoned entrepreneur. He was Founder and Director of GenQuest Incorporated, a functional genomics company, which merged with Corixa Corporation in 1998, traded on NASDAQ and was acquired by GlaxoSmithKline in 2006. He discovered the cancer-specific PEG-Prom, which is the core technology of Cancer Targeting Systems (CTS, Inc.), a Virginia/Maryland-based company (at Johns Hopkins Medical Center) focusing on imaging and therapy (“theranostics”) of metastatic cancer (2014) by Drs. Fisher and Martin G. Pomper. He co-founded InVaMet Therapeutics (IVMT) and InterLeukin Combinatorial Therapies (ILCT) with Dr. Webster K. Cavenee (UCSD) (2017/2018).

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Virginia, USA