Emerging 2D Materials and Devices for the Internet of Things

1 Two-dimensional materials-based nonvolatile resistive memories and radio frequency switches .......................................................................1

Ruijing Ge, Xiaohan Wu, Myungsoo Kim,

Jack C. Lee and Deji Akinwande

1.1 Introduction to two-dimensional

nonvolatile resistive memory........................ 1

1.2 Two-dimensional materials preparation

and memory device fabrication .................... 3

1.3 Two-dimensional nonvolatile resistive

memory........................................................... 7

1.4 Switching mechanics ................................... 12

1.5 MoS2 radio frequency switches .................. 18

1.6 Summary ...................................................... 25

Acknowledgment ................................................ 25

References ........................................................... 25

2 Two-dimensional materials-based radio frequency wireless communication and sensing systems for Internet-of-things applications ..............................................................29

Liang Zhu, Mohamed Farhat,

Khaled Nabil Salama and Pai-Yen Chen

2.1 Introduction .................................................. 29

2.2 Radio frequency performance of

two-dimensional transistors........................ 32

2.3 Frequency mixers and signal modulators

based on two-dimensional transistors ....... 45

2.4 Integrated wireless Internet-of-things

sensors.......................................................... 48

2.5 Radio frequency energy harvesting using

two-dimensional electronic devices ........... 51

2.6 Conclusion .................................................... 52

References ........................................................... 53

3 Graphene electronic tattoo sensors for

point-of-care personal health monitoring and

human_machine interfaces ..................................59

Shideh Kabiri Ameri and Liu Wang

3.1 Introduction .................................................. 59

3.2 Theoretical background ............................... 61

3.3 Fabrication of graphene electronic tattoo

sensors.......................................................... 65

3.4 Applications of graphene electronic tattoo

sensors and effects of the thickness on

performance ................................................. 71

3.5 Conclusion .................................................... 85

References ........................................................... 85

4 Transition metal dichalcogenides as

ultrasensitive and high-resolution

biosensing nodes......................................................87

Xiaogan Liang

4.1 New opportunities for biosensing

devices .......................................................... 87

4.2 Electronic biosensors made from

transition metal dichalcogenides ................ 94

4.3 Biosensors based on optical and

optoelectronic properties of transition metal

dichalcogenides...........................................103

4.4 Biosensors based on structural properties

of transition metal dichalcogenides...........107

4.5 Final remarks ...............................................112

References ..........................................................113

5 Nanophotonics and optoelectronics based on

two-dimensional MoS2 .........................................121

Zilong Wu, Linhan Lin and Yuebing Zheng

5.1 MoS2-based nanoplasmonics ....................121

5.2 MoS2-based optoelectronics ......................127

5.3 Summary .....................................................133

References ..........................................................134

6 Graphene-based anode materials for

lithium-ion batteries ..............................................139

Hui Xu, Zhengming Sun and Jian Chen

6.1 Introduction .................................................139

6.2 Lithium-ion batteries and anode

materials ......................................................140

6.3 Graphene and graphene-based

composites as anode materials..................143

6.4 Conclusion and outlook..............................158

References ..........................................................159

7 Two-dimensional materials as photoelectrodes

in water reduction devices for energy

applications .............................................................165

Li Ji, Xingli Zou, Hsien-Yi Hsu, Kai Huang,

Na Gao, Hao Zhu, Lin Chen, Qingqing Sun,

Peng Zhou and David Wei Zhang

7.1 Basic mechanism of solar water

splitting ........................................................167

7.2 Design principles of photoelectrochemical

cells for water splitting ...............................168

7.3 Two-dimensional materials as

conducting channels ...................................170

7.4 Two-dimensional materials as charge

mediator/separator......................................172

7.5 Two-dimensional materials as

cocatalysts ...................................................174

7.6 Two-dimensional materials as other

roles..............................................................176

7.7 Summary and perspectives........................177

References ..........................................................177

8 Two-dimensional Xenes and their device

concepts for future micro- and nanoelectronics

and energy applications .......................................181

Carlo Grazianetti, Christian Martella and

Alessandro Molle

8.1 Introduction .................................................181

8.2 First-generation Xenes................................183

8.3 Second-generation Xenes ..........................195

8.4 Perspectives and conclusion ......................207

References ..........................................................208

9 Piezoelectric one- to two-dimensional

nanomaterials for vibration energy

harvesting devices .................................................221

Ruijian Zhu and Zengmei Wang

9.1 Introduction .................................................221

9.2 Preparation and characterization of

piezoelectric 1_2D nanomaterials .............223

9.3 Piezoelectric 1_2D nanomaterial for

energy harvesting .......................................229

9.4 Conclusion ...................................................240

Acknowledgment ...............................................240

References ..........................................................240

10 Nanocomposite materials for

nano-electronic-based Internet of things

sensors and energy device signaling .............243

Congyue Liu, Bailin Tian and Mengning Ding

10.1 Introduction .............................................243

10.2 Nanocomposite materials for

chemical sensory devices and

Internet of things.....................................245

10.3 Electronic sensing and signaling for

sustainable energy devices ....................263

References ..........................................................285

11 Prospects and challenges in low-dimensional

materials and devices for Internet of

things .......................................................................291

Anhan Liu, Siyao Jiang, Zhengrui Zhu,

Sixin Zhang, Dingxuan Kang and Li Tao

11.1 Flexible and wearable devices for

Internet of things.....................................292

11.2 Human_machine interface devices

for Internet of things ...............................297

11.3 Two-dimensional multifunctional

device node for Internet of things..........305

11.4 Sustainable energy devices for

Internet of things.....................................313

11.5 5G/6G technology engaging with

Internet of things.....................................319

References ..........................................................323

Index..................................................................... 329