Elemental Analysis in Geochemistry

PrefaceChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. Preparation and Decomposition of Samples Preparation of samples Common types of samples and methods of sampling Sample size Diminution of samples Contamination of samples during preparation Storage and care of samples Decomposition of samples Undecomposed sample powders and their use Solution techniques Fluxing techniques Special fluxing techniques Contamination of samples during decomposition Storage of decomposed samplesChapter 3. Statistical Evaluation and SamplingChapter 4. Factors Influencing the Selection of Methods of Separation and Analysis Separation of elements Gravimetric "absolute" methods Instrumental nondestructive methods Volumetric methods Colorimetric methods Flame-photometric methods Atomic absorption Emission spectroscopyChapter 5. Some Methods of Extraction and Ion Exchange Separation Separation by extraction Separation methods by ion exchange resins Procedure to determine the capacity of a resin Ion exchange separation method for systematic analysis of silicate rocks by ShibataChapter 6. The Classical Qualitative Separation SchemeChapter 7. Classical Gravimetric and Other Methods Silicon Gravimetric determination as silica, SiO2 Aluminum Gravimetric method Determination of aluminum by the oxine method Iron Ferric or total iron, volumetric procedure Ferrous iron, volumetric procedure Calcium Procedure Magnesium Gravimetric procedure EDTA titration methods for calcium and magnesium Sodium and potassium Decomposition of sample J. Lawrence Smith method Potassium Perchlorate method Potassium tetraphenylboron method Sodium as uranyl zinc acetate Titanium Titanium as peroxide Manganese Separation and determination of manganese Colorimetric determination of manganese Phosphorus Gravimetric determination Ammonium phosphomolybdate method Precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate Carbon Simplified method Combination of classical acid decomposition and combustion methods Hydrogen and water Total water The Penfield method Fluorine Decomposition and preparation of fluorine-bearing samples Sulfur Gravimetric determination as barium sulfate Decomposition of sulfide samples by aqua regia and bromine The zinc oxide-sodium carbonate fusion Barium Procedure Chlorine Sample decomposition Gravimetric method for chlorine as silver chloride, AgCl Zirconium Decomposition of samples Silica determination in zirconium-bearing materials Zirconium as phosphate Zirconium as mandelate Chromium Decomposition of samples Boron Decomposition of the sample Titrimetric procedure Gravimetric method Lead Decomposition of samples Titrimetric method Titration of the lead Chromate by ferrous ammonium sulfate Nickel Decomposition of samples Copper Electro-gravimetric procedure Zinc Gravimetric procedure for zinc in silicates Titrimetric methodsChapter 8. Classical Volumetric Methods Normality and molarity Procedure for total iron Acid-base titrations The silver reductor The Jones reductorChapter 9. Emission Flame Spectrophotometry Introduction Instrumentation Preparation of sample Removal of interfering anions Determination of sodium, potassium, calcium (and magnesium) Beer's lawChapter 10. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Introduction Instrumentation and methods Methods Determination of magnesium Standards for atomic absorptionChapter 11. Instrumental Nondestructive Analysis Introduction Electromagnetic radiation Atom as a source of electromagnetic radiation Separation, detection, and measurement of the electromagnetic radiation Scintillation counters Semiconductor detectorsChapter 12. X-ray Emission Analysis Introduction Precision in X-ray emission analysis Methods in X-ray spectrochemistry Procedure for pelletizingChapter 13. Fast-Neutron Activation Analysis Introduction Fast-neutron generators Laboratories shielded for fast-neutron activation analysis Determination of oxygen by fast-neutron activation Procedure Determination of silicon by fast-neutron activation ProcedureAppendix 1. Gravimetric FactorsAppendix 2. Analytical Quality Reagents for Stock Solutions in Atomic-Absorption and Emission-Flame AnalysisBibliographyIndex