Electrical Phenomena in the Heart

1st Edition - January 1, 1972
Imprint: Academic Press
Editor: Walmor C. De Mello
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 2 0 8 9 5 0 - 3
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 3 8 0 5 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 3 5 8 - 7

Electrical Phenomena in the Heart is a collection of articles that deals with cell physiology and biophysics as applicable to the heart. The book discusses the ultrastructure of… Read more

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Electrical Phenomena in the Heart is a collection of articles that deals with cell physiology and biophysics as applicable to the heart. The book discusses the ultrastructure of heart cells, molecular arrangement of heart cell membranes, and the mechanism involved in sealing and excitation-contraction coupling. The selection describes electrophysiological studies made of embryonic heart cells to understand electrical activity, automaticity, enzyme activities, and the development of intracellular tubular systems. The text also discusses the mechanism of excitation spread between active and inactive cells. The book analyzes the structure of biological membranes and the effect of proteins on membrane potential and on the excitability process. One paper reviews the excitation process of heart cells that includes the use of a voltage clamp in cardiac preparations, as well as the role of the pacemaker. One paper examines the repolarization process involved in cardiac muscle involving the ionic composition and the kinetic properties of membrane currents, as well as the action of some drugs. The book also describes the healing process in cardiac and other muscle fibers when the heart muscle is injured. The text explains that damage to other cardiac muscle can result because of a sealing process that occurs at or near the injured site. The book also explains the model for controlling sarcoplasmic calcium concentration on a single sarcomere level in a mammalian heart. The text can prove significant to students learning heart physiology and biophysics, heart surgeons, and bio-physiologists involved in cellular research.

List of Contributors

Foreword

Editor's Foreword

Preface

Chapter 1 Electrical Properties of Embryonic Heart Cells

I. Introduction

II. Studies on Intact Embryonic Hearts as a Function of Embryonic Age

III. Studies on Cultured Embryonic Heart Cells

IV. Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 Correlation between the Ultrastructure and Function of Intercellular Contacts

I. Introduction

II. The Morphology of Cardiac Muscle Tissue

III. Experimental Data on Excitation Spread in Cardiac Muscle

IV. Interpretation of Morphological and Experimental Data

References

Chapter 3 Membrane Lipids and Cardiac Electrogenesis

I. The Molecular Structure of the Cell Membrane

II. Effect of Membrane Phospholipids on Membrane Potential of Cardiac and Other Excitable Cells

III. Influence of Calcium on Membrane Potential of Myocardial Cell after PhC

IV. Are Pacemaker Cells Surrounded by a Protein Barrier?

V. Membrane Triglycerides and Membrane Potential of Cardiac Cells

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 4 Excitation Process in Heart Cells

I. Introduction

II. The Upstroke of the Action Potential

III. The Pacemaker Potential

References

Chapter 5 The Repolarization Process of Heart Cells

I. Introduction

II. Net Current and Conductance Changes

III. Possible Mechanisms of Repolarization

IV. Ionic Mechanisms

V. Ionic Mechanisms in Atrium and Ventricle

VI. Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 Active Ion Transport in Heart Muscle

I. General Aspects

II. Transport Phenomena in Resting Cardiac Tissue

III. Active Ion Transport and Cardiac Excitation

References

Chapter 7 Electrophysiology of the Sinoatrial Node

I. Introduction

II. Intracellular Recording of Pacemaker Activity

III. Physiological Regulation of Pacemaker Frequency

IV. Ions and SA Nodal Activity

V. Drugs and Pacemaker Function

VI. Relationship of SA Nodal Function to Ectopic Rhythm

VII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 8 The Membrane Capacitance of Heart Cells

I. Introduction

II. Physical Principles

III. Physiological Role of Membrane Capacitance

IV. Measurements of Membrane Capacitance

V. Summary

References

Chapter 9 Cardiac Innervation and Synaptic Transmission in Heart

I. Regulatory Innervation

II. Release of Neurotransmitters

III. Stimulation of Cardiac Nerves

IV. Electrical Effects of Stimulating the Cardiac Nerves

References

Chapter 10 Atrioventricular Transmission

I. Introduction

II. Propagation of Impulses across the AV Node

III. Propagation through Specialized Ventricular Fibers

IV. Propagation of Impulses across the Purkinje Fiber-Muscle Junctions

References

Chapter 11 Comparative Aspects of Electrogenesis in Myocardial Cells

I. Introduction

II. The Neurogenic-Myogenic Basis for Classification of Hearts

III. Electrogenesis in Pacemakers

IV. Electrogenesis in the Myocardial Cell

V. Summary

VI. Addendum

References

Chapter 12 The Healing-Over Process in Cardiac and Other Muscle Fibers

I. Introduction

II. The Healing Over of Quiescent Myocardial Fibers

III. The Influence of Stimulation on the Rate of Sealing in Heart Muscle

IV. Relation between Muscle Contraction and Healing Over

V. The Possible Mechanism of Sealing

VI. Has the Sealing Process of Cardiac Fibers a High Activation Energy?

VII. Healing Over in the Giant Muscle Cells of Ascaris Lumbricoides

VIII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 13 Calcium Movements and Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Cells

I. Introduction

II. Outline of a Single Sarcomere Model for Excitation-Contraction Coupling

III. Quantitative Considerations of the Anatomic Basis for the Model

IV. The Action Potential and Calcium Currents

V. The Coupling between Depolarization and Ca2+ Release from SR

VI. Ca2+ Diffusion in the Sarcoplasm

VII. Ca2+ Concentration in the Sarcoplasm

VIII. Calcium Uptake by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

IX. Maintenance of the Internal Ionic Composition

X. Concluding Remarks

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Electrical Phenomena in the Heart

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