Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Contributors

Preface


1. Economic and Environmental Comparison of Conventional and Alternative Vehicle Options

    1. Introduction

    2. Analysis

    3. Results and discussion

    4. Conclusions

    Acknowledgement

    Nomenclature

    References


2. Lifetime Cost of Battery, Fuel-Cell, and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Lifetime cost of battery-electric vehicles

    3. Lifetime cost of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

    4. Lifetime cost of fuel-cell electric vehicles

    5. Discussion

    Acknowledgments

    References


3. Relative Fuel Economy Potential of Intelligent, Hybrid and Intelligent–Hybrid Passenger Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Vehicle models for simulation studies

    3. Velocity scheduling using traffic preview

    4. Hybrid vehicles with telematics

    5. Optimal management of hybrid vehicles with telematics

    6. Conclusions and future opportunities

    Acknowledgements

    Nomenclature

    References


4. Cost-Effective Vehicle and Fuel Technology Choices in a Carbon-Constrained World: Insights from Global Energy Systems Modeling

    1. Introduction

    2. Method

    3. Results

    4. Discussion and conclusions

    Acknowledgments

    References


5. Expected Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions by Battery, Fuel Cell, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Background and previous research

    3. Formation of GHG emissions from EV fuel cycles

    4. Estimates of GHG emissions from EV fuel cycles

    5. Magnitude of possible GHG reductions—scaling up the EV industry

    6. Key uncertainties and areas for further research

    7. Conclusions

    Acknowledgments

    References

    Appendix


6. Analysis of Design Tradeoffs for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Methods for studying PHEV design

    3. PHEV subsystem description and tradeoff analysis

    4. Case studies

    5. Concluding remarks

    References


7. Evaluation of Energy Consumption, Emissions, and Costs of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Factors affecting plug-in hybrid fuel consumption and emissions

    3. SAE J1711 recommended practice

    4. Methodology

    5. United States, Europe, and Japan analysis

    6. Conclusions

    Acknowledgments

    Nomenclature

    References


8. Improving Petroleum Displacement Potential of PHEVs Using Enhanced Charging Scenarios

    1. Introduction

    2. Approach

    3. Results

    4. Conclusions

    Acknowledgments

    References


9. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and their Impact on Energy Storage Technologies: An Overview

    1. Introduction

    2. The boundary conditions for automotive technology development

    3. Fuel cell electric and battery electric vehicles — two competing concepts?

    4. Fuel cell electric vehicles

    5. Extended-range electric vehicles

    6. Infrastructure issues

    7. Conclusions

    Acknowledgements

    List of abbreviations

    References


10. On the Road Performance Simulation of Battery, Hydrogen, and Hybrid Cars

    1. Introduction

    2. Simulation of efficient internal combustion vehicle

    3. Simulation of fuel cell vehicle

    4. Simulation of battery vehicle

    5. Simulation of hybrid vehicles

    6. Optimization of hybrid configuration

    7. Conclusions

    References

    Appendix: Performance Measures


11. Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Gasoline Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Methodology

    3. Scope

    4. Limitations

    5. Results and discussion

    6. Concluding remarks

    References


12. DOE’s National Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration Project — NREL’s Data Analysis Results

    1. Introduction

    2. Approach and industry partners

    3. Demonstration logistics

    4. Results

    5. Concluding remarks

    Acknowledgments

    Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations

    References


13. Battery Requirements for HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs: An Overview

    1. Introduction

    2. General requirements

    3. Specific requirements and examples

    4. Fuel cell hybrid vehicles

    5. Summary of the different Li ion chemistries existing at present, and to be used in HEVs, PHEVs, or EVs

    6. The future

    References


14. Battery Environmental Analysis

    1. Introduction

    2. Quantitative analyses: LCA

    3. Model

    4. Impact of the different battery technologies

    5. Electric vehicles traction batteries

    6. Qualitative analysis

    References


15. A Roadmap to Understand Battery Performance in Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Operation

    1. Introduction

    2. Field test data collection and analysis

    3. Laboratory battery tests

    4. Single cell and battery pack modeling

    5. Vehicle drivetrain platform modeling

    6. Concluding remarks

    Acknowledgement

    References


16. Batteries for PHEVs: Comparing Goals and the State of Technology

    1. Introduction

    2. Basic PHEV design concepts

    3. PHEV battery goals

    4. Battery technologies

    5. Li-ion battery prospects

    6. What PHEV could be made with near-term battery technologies?

    7. Discussion and conclusion

    Acknowledgements

    References


17. Battery Size and Capacity Use in Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Defining the maximum pulse-power capability

    3. A simple model for battery size and capacity use

    4. A combined model for battery size and capacity use

    5. Conclusions

    Acknowledgements

    Terminology

    References


18. Safety of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Li-ion flavors

    3. Li-ion cell failures

    4. Why do Li-ion cells go into thermal runaway?

    5. Typical safety circuits

    6. HEV battery safety standards

    7. System specific safety evaluation

    8. Voltage introduced safety considerations

    9. Summary

    Acknowledgments

    References


19. Management of Batteries for Electric Traction Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Application introduction

    3. Battery management systems

    4. Battery management system examples

    5. Conclusion

    Acknowledgments

    Glossary

    References


20. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

    1. Introduction

    2. Charging power levels

    3. Charging modes for conductive charging

    4. Communication issues

    5. Accessories for charging

    6. “Fast” charging

    7. Inductive charging

    8. Conclusions

    References


21. Market Prospects of Electric Passenger Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Technical aspects

    3. Relevant stakeholders and outline of calculation model

    4. Scenario calculations

    5. Conclusions and future opportunities

    Nomenclature

    References


22. Automakers’ Powertrain Options for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

    1. Introduction

    2. Hybrid electric vehicles

    3. Battery electric vehicles

    4. Fuel cell hydrogen electric vehicles

    5. Multi-purpose electrified traction platforms and architectures, and auto innovation design

    6. Conclusions

Appendix

    1. Selected references for topics not specifically treated in this book (to January 2010)

    2. Further reading on recharging networks and market issues (to January 2010)

Index