Economic Evaluation of Pharmacy Services

Chapter 1. An Introduction to Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programs

• Abstract
• Rationale for Economic Evaluation
• Economic Evaluation: Costs, Outcomes, Techniques
• Economic Evaluation: Methodological Issues and Recent Developments
• Economic Evaluation and Pharmacy Services
• References

Chapter 2. Economic Evaluation of Community and Hospital Pharmacy Services: An Introductory Review

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions
• References

Chapter 3. Economic Evaluation of Pharmacy Services: Review of Studies From Asia, Africa, and South America

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Analysis, Findings, and Discussion
• Limitations of Studies in South America, Africa, Middle East, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia
• Recommendations
• What This Chapter Adds?
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgment
• References

Chapter 4. Economic Evaluation and Its Types

• Abstract
• Introduction
• The Logic of Health Economics and Economic Evaluation
• Economic Evaluation
• Measuring Costs
• Measuring Outcomes
• Combining Costs and Outcomes Using Incremental Analysis
• Decision Rules
• Types of Economic Evaluations
• Summary
• References
• Further Reading

Chapter 5. Design Principles for Economic Evaluations in Pharmacy

• Abstract
• Introduction
• The Economic Decision Problem
• Population
• Intervention
• Comparator
• Outcome (the Maximand)
• Partial Versus Full Economic Evaluation
• Choosing an Evaluation Approach
• Which Costs Are Relevant?
• Trial-Based Versus Modeled Evaluation
• The Importance of Best Practice Guidelines
• Conclusions
• References

Chapter 6. Steps in Conducting an Economic Evaluation

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Economic Evaluation of Pharmacy Services
• Steps in Conducting an Economic Evaluation
• Case Studies
• Conclusions
• Glossary of Terms
• Test Your Knowledge
• References

Chapter 7. Evaluation of the Community Pharmacist-led Anticoagulation Management Service (CPAMS) Pilot Program in New Zealand

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Background
• Development of the Project
• Aims of the Community Pharmacist-led Anticoagulation Management Services (CPAMS) Evaluation
• Design of CPAMS
• Effectiveness and Safety of CPAMS
• Acceptability of the Service
• Cost–Benefit Analysis
• Conclusion
• References

Chapter 8. Economic Evaluation of Pharmacy Services in Portugal

• Abstract
• Brief Overview of Economic Evaluation of Pharmacy Services in Portugal
• Literature Review of Economic Evaluation of Pharmacy Services in Portugal
• A Collaborative Care Pilot Project Between Pharmacies and NHS: Economic Evaluation Alongside a Trial
• Future Developments
• Final Remarks
• Project USFARMÁCIA
• Acknowledgments
• Conflict of Interest Statement
• References

Chapter 9. Economic Evaluation of Pharmacist-Managed Warfarin Therapy: A Review of Studies

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions
• References
• Appendix A Search Strategies

Chapter 10. Economic Evaluation of a Medicines Management Model in New Zealand: A Proposal

• Abstract
• Background
• Aim and Objectives
• Proposed Research Design and Methods
• Research Impact
• Acknowledgment
• References