Early Clinical Exposure
a new outlook on Clinical Anatomy
- 1st Edition - May 10, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier India
- Author: Anand Reddy
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 8 1 - 3 1 2 - 6 8 7 1 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 8 1 - 3 1 2 - 6 8 7 2 - 8
In 2019, the National Medical Council (NMC) made many changes to the medical curriculum; the inclusion of Early ClinicalExposure (ECE) was one of the important changes. By inc… Read more
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In 2019, the National Medical Council (NMC) made many changes to the medical curriculum; the inclusion of Early Clinical
Exposure (ECE) was one of the important changes. By including ECE, NMC aims solely at achieving both horizontal and vertical
integration in different phases of a medical curriculum. It also targets at developing the students’ interest in preclinical subjects
at the beginning of the curriculum, which will help strengthen the foundation of their career and produce knowledgeable Indian
medical graduates.
The book has been written according to the new changes made to the curriculum by the NMC. It will help fulfil the need of the
students and adapt themselves to the changes easily, as facing new changes is always a challenge for both students as well as
teachers. Keeping the NMC’s objective in mind, the author has made an effort to impart knowledge in a competency-based and
ECE format. This book focuses on explaining the anatomical basis of various disorders in a question–answer format.
When the ‘why’ is clear, the ‘how’ becomes easy to understand. And, when the ‘how’ becomes easy, the management
of a disease also becomes easy. This book will provide ‘guidelines’ to preclinical students to prepare for clinical-based
questions, and considering the vastness of the subject, it can be one of the best tools to revise clinical aspects of various
systems of the human anatomy.
Exposure (ECE) was one of the important changes. By including ECE, NMC aims solely at achieving both horizontal and vertical
integration in different phases of a medical curriculum. It also targets at developing the students’ interest in preclinical subjects
at the beginning of the curriculum, which will help strengthen the foundation of their career and produce knowledgeable Indian
medical graduates.
The book has been written according to the new changes made to the curriculum by the NMC. It will help fulfil the need of the
students and adapt themselves to the changes easily, as facing new changes is always a challenge for both students as well as
teachers. Keeping the NMC’s objective in mind, the author has made an effort to impart knowledge in a competency-based and
ECE format. This book focuses on explaining the anatomical basis of various disorders in a question–answer format.
When the ‘why’ is clear, the ‘how’ becomes easy to understand. And, when the ‘how’ becomes easy, the management
of a disease also becomes easy. This book will provide ‘guidelines’ to preclinical students to prepare for clinical-based
questions, and considering the vastness of the subject, it can be one of the best tools to revise clinical aspects of various
systems of the human anatomy.
SALIENT FEATURES
• A unique and exclusive ECE-oriented book, as it covers not only clinical but also the collateral aspects of all topics in detail
• Designed as per the latest Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum – covers maximum competencies of
the subject
• Includes more than 225 clinical cases of gross anatomy (upper limb, thorax, head neck face, central nervous system,
abdomen, lower limb), general anatomy, embryology and genetics
• Covers anatomy-related AETCOM modules
• Presents topics in a question–answer format – more than 1700 questions (including the ones on MedEnact) into must-know,
should-know and desirable-to-know categories – a pattern useful for fast as well as slow learners
• Knowledge-oriented – best for understanding the basic concepts of the subject and anatomical basis of various clinical
conditions
• Exam-oriented – helps in revision and self-assessment before examinations
• Line diagrams, clinical images, tables and flowcharts – facilitates quick learning and knowledge retention
• Student-friendly approach – useful for beginners as each case gives an overall idea of the topic
• Concise arrangement of the subject – useful for revision and preparation for the EXIT (NExT) and other similar examinations
• Helpful for postgraduate students (e.g., MD anatomy, MSc anatomy) and anatomists; undergraduate students of allied
medical sciences such as BDS, BPTh and Nursing
• Includes topic-related quotes and images – an extracurricular feast
• A unique and exclusive ECE-oriented book, as it covers not only clinical but also the collateral aspects of all topics in detail
• Designed as per the latest Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum – covers maximum competencies of
the subject
• Includes more than 225 clinical cases of gross anatomy (upper limb, thorax, head neck face, central nervous system,
abdomen, lower limb), general anatomy, embryology and genetics
• Covers anatomy-related AETCOM modules
• Presents topics in a question–answer format – more than 1700 questions (including the ones on MedEnact) into must-know,
should-know and desirable-to-know categories – a pattern useful for fast as well as slow learners
• Knowledge-oriented – best for understanding the basic concepts of the subject and anatomical basis of various clinical
conditions
• Exam-oriented – helps in revision and self-assessment before examinations
• Line diagrams, clinical images, tables and flowcharts – facilitates quick learning and knowledge retention
• Student-friendly approach – useful for beginners as each case gives an overall idea of the topic
• Concise arrangement of the subject – useful for revision and preparation for the EXIT (NExT) and other similar examinations
• Helpful for postgraduate students (e.g., MD anatomy, MSc anatomy) and anatomists; undergraduate students of allied
medical sciences such as BDS, BPTh and Nursing
• Includes topic-related quotes and images – an extracurricular feast
Chapters
1. AETCOM…
2. General anatomy…
Clinical Cases
1. Short stature...
2. Osteomyelitis…
3. Rheumatoid arthritis...
4. Hemiplegia… 5. Hypovolemic shock…
6. Multiple sclerosis…
7. Lymphoma…
8. Skin burn…
9. Radio imaging procedure…
3. Upper Limb...
Clinical Cases
1. Fracture of clavicle...
2. Shoulder dislocation...
3. Frozen shoulder…
4. Subacromial bursitis...
5. Fracture of surgical neck of humerus…
6. Fracture of mid-shaft humerus...
7. Struthers’s syndrome…
8. Pulled elbow...
9. Supracondylar fracture of humerus…
10. Tennis elbow…
11. Galeazzi fracture-dislocation...
12. Colles’ fracture...
13. Smith’s fracture...
14. Bennet’s fracture...
15. Fracture of scaphoid...
16. Injury to wrist...
17. Erb’s paralysis…
18. Klumpke’s paralysis...
19. Injury to musculocutaneous nerve…
20. Injury to axillary nerve...
21. Winging of scapula…
22. Carpal tunnel syndrome...
23. Radial nerve injury…
24. Ulnar nerve lesion...
25. Testing of muscles of hand…
26. Spinal nerve compression...
27. Carcinoma breast...
28. Axillary abscess…
29. Volkmann's ischemic contracture...
30. Dupuytren’s contracture...
31. Pulp space infection...
32. Intravenous injection…
33. Intramuscular injection…
34. Peripheral pulse...
4. Thorax...
Clinical Cases
1. Cervical rib...
2. Rib fracture...
3. Sternal puncture...
4. Pleuritis…
5. Pneumonia...
6. Tension pneumothorax…
7. Pleural effusion...
8. Bronchogenic carcinoma...
9. Bronchial asthma...
10. Foreign body aspiration...
11. Mediastinal syndrome (lymphoma)...
12. Pericardial sinuses...
13. Cardiac tamponade...
14. Angina pectoris...
15. Myocardial infarction…
16. Dextrocardia…
17. Achalasia cardia...
18. Chylothorax….
5. Head Neck Face...
Clinical Cases
1. Cervical spondylosis...
2. Cervical vertebrae fracture...
3. Tense anterior fontanelle...
4. Middle cranial fossa fracture...
5. Extradural hematoma...
6. Fracture of hyoid...
7. Sebaceous cyst…
8. Black eye…
9. Facial palsy (UMN)...
10. Congenital torticollis…
11. Injury to external jugular vein…
12. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity syndrome…
13. Alacrimia...
14. Parotitis…
15. Sialolithiasis…
16. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis...
17. Cavernous sinus thrombosis…
18. Pituitary adenoma…
19. Goiter...
20. Hypoparathyroidism...
21. TM joint dislocation…
22. Third molar tooth extraction...
23. Carcinoma tongue…
24. Tonsillitis…
25. Adenoids…
26. Epistaxis…
27. Sinusitis …
28. Tympanic membrane retraction…
29. Tympanic membrane rupture…
30. Otitis media...
31. Asphyxia...
32. Singer’s nodule…
33. Tracheostomy...
34. Pharyngeal pouch…
35. Olfactory nerve lesion…
36. Optic nerve lesion...
37. Oculomotor nerve palsy...
38. Trochlear nerve palsy…
39. Trigeminal neuralgia…
40. Abducent nerve palsy...
41. Bell’s palsy...
42. Vestibulocochlear nerve lesion...
43. Glossopharyngeal nerve palsy...
44. Vagus nerve palsy…
45. Spinal accessory nerve palsy…
46. Hypoglossal nerve palsy…
47. Peripheral pulse...
6. Central Nervous System....
Clinical Cases
1. Anterior spinal artery syndrome...
2. Meningitis...
3. Brown–Sequard syndrome...
4. Cauda equina syndrome...
5. Lumbar puncture...
6. Lateral medullary syndrome...
7. Millard – Gubler syndrome...
8. Pontine hemorrhage...
9. Weber’s syndrome…
10. Multiple sclerosis …
11. Cerebellar syndrome...
12. Parkinsonism…
13. Hydrocephalus...
14. Thalamic Syndrome…
15. Upper motor neuron paralysis...
16. Motor aphasia...
17. Sensory aphasia...
18. Frontal lobe lesion…
19. Hemiplegia...
20. Intracranial hemorrhage…
21. Brain death…
22. Depression...
7. Abdomen....
Clinical Cases
1. Acute abdomen...
2. Peritonitis…
3. Inguinal hernia...
4. Ventral Incisional hernia…
5. Undescended testis…
6. Congenital hydrocele…
7. Varicocele...
8. Carcinoma stomach...
9. Duodenal ulcer...
10. Liver cirrhosis...
11. Carcinoma liver...
12. Acute cholecystitis…
13. Carcinoma pancreas...
14. Sub–hepatic abscess…
15. Splenic rupture...
16. Acute appendicitis...
17. Subhepatic caecum…
18. Carcinoma colon…
19. Perianal abscess...
20. Fissure in ano...
21. Internal piles...
22. Ureteric colic…
23. Distension of bladder…
24. Autonomous bladder...
25. Benign prostate hypertrophy...
26. Carcinoma prostate...
27. Cushing’s syndrome…
28. Prolapse of uterus…
29. Pelvic abscess…
30. Carcinoma cervix…
31. Caesarean section...
32. Hysterosalpingography...
33. Aortic Aneurysm...
34. Prolapsed disc...
35. Barium study...
8. Lower Limb...
Clinical Cases
1. Fracture of neck femur...
2. Congenital dislocation of hip joint...
3. Injury to obturator nerve…
4. Injury to superior gluteal nerve…
5. Sciatica...
6. Medial meniscus injury…
7. Fracture of patella...
8. Foeticide...
9. Compartment syndrome...
10. Popliteal aneurysm…
11. Fracture of tibia...
12. Foot drop...
13. Ankle sprain…
14. Rupture of tendocalcaneus…
15. Club foot...
16. Pes planus...
17. Varicose veins...
18. Peripheral artery compression…
19. Paraplegia (Secondary to nerve injury)…
9. Embryology...
Clinical Cases
1. Male infertility (oligospermia)...
2. Female infertility...
3. In–vitro fertilization ...
4. Ectopic pregnancy...
5. Placenta previa...
6. Amniocentesis...
7. Teratoma…
8. Ventricular septal defect...
9. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia...
10. Branchial sinus...
11. Coarcatation of aorta…
12. Thyroglossal cyst...
13. Cleft lip…
14. Tongue-tie...
15. Retinal detachment…
16. Anencephaly...
17. Spina bifida cystica...
18. Tracheoesophageal fistula...
19. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis...
20. Annular pancreas…
21. Umbilical hernia...
22. Hirschsprung’s disease...
23. Hypospadias...
24. Indirect inguinal hernia...
25. Imperforate hymen...
10. Genetics...
Charts
1. Structure of chromosome…
2. Normal female karyotype…
3. Normal male karyotype…
4. Classification of genetic disorders…
Clinical cases
1. Prenatal diagnosis….
2. Down syndrome…
3. Edward syndrome…
4. Patau syndrome…
5. Prader Willie syndrome…
6. Klinefelter syndrome…
7. Turner syndrome…
8. Cri–Du–Chat syndrome…
9. Achondroplasia (Autosomal dominant disorder) …
10. Cystic fibrosis (Autosomal recessive disorder…
11. Duchene muscular dystrophy (X-linked recessive disorder)
12. Hypophosphatemia (X-linked dominant disorder)
13. Sex chromosomal variation…
1. AETCOM…
2. General anatomy…
Clinical Cases
1. Short stature...
2. Osteomyelitis…
3. Rheumatoid arthritis...
4. Hemiplegia… 5. Hypovolemic shock…
6. Multiple sclerosis…
7. Lymphoma…
8. Skin burn…
9. Radio imaging procedure…
3. Upper Limb...
Clinical Cases
1. Fracture of clavicle...
2. Shoulder dislocation...
3. Frozen shoulder…
4. Subacromial bursitis...
5. Fracture of surgical neck of humerus…
6. Fracture of mid-shaft humerus...
7. Struthers’s syndrome…
8. Pulled elbow...
9. Supracondylar fracture of humerus…
10. Tennis elbow…
11. Galeazzi fracture-dislocation...
12. Colles’ fracture...
13. Smith’s fracture...
14. Bennet’s fracture...
15. Fracture of scaphoid...
16. Injury to wrist...
17. Erb’s paralysis…
18. Klumpke’s paralysis...
19. Injury to musculocutaneous nerve…
20. Injury to axillary nerve...
21. Winging of scapula…
22. Carpal tunnel syndrome...
23. Radial nerve injury…
24. Ulnar nerve lesion...
25. Testing of muscles of hand…
26. Spinal nerve compression...
27. Carcinoma breast...
28. Axillary abscess…
29. Volkmann's ischemic contracture...
30. Dupuytren’s contracture...
31. Pulp space infection...
32. Intravenous injection…
33. Intramuscular injection…
34. Peripheral pulse...
4. Thorax...
Clinical Cases
1. Cervical rib...
2. Rib fracture...
3. Sternal puncture...
4. Pleuritis…
5. Pneumonia...
6. Tension pneumothorax…
7. Pleural effusion...
8. Bronchogenic carcinoma...
9. Bronchial asthma...
10. Foreign body aspiration...
11. Mediastinal syndrome (lymphoma)...
12. Pericardial sinuses...
13. Cardiac tamponade...
14. Angina pectoris...
15. Myocardial infarction…
16. Dextrocardia…
17. Achalasia cardia...
18. Chylothorax….
5. Head Neck Face...
Clinical Cases
1. Cervical spondylosis...
2. Cervical vertebrae fracture...
3. Tense anterior fontanelle...
4. Middle cranial fossa fracture...
5. Extradural hematoma...
6. Fracture of hyoid...
7. Sebaceous cyst…
8. Black eye…
9. Facial palsy (UMN)...
10. Congenital torticollis…
11. Injury to external jugular vein…
12. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity syndrome…
13. Alacrimia...
14. Parotitis…
15. Sialolithiasis…
16. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis...
17. Cavernous sinus thrombosis…
18. Pituitary adenoma…
19. Goiter...
20. Hypoparathyroidism...
21. TM joint dislocation…
22. Third molar tooth extraction...
23. Carcinoma tongue…
24. Tonsillitis…
25. Adenoids…
26. Epistaxis…
27. Sinusitis …
28. Tympanic membrane retraction…
29. Tympanic membrane rupture…
30. Otitis media...
31. Asphyxia...
32. Singer’s nodule…
33. Tracheostomy...
34. Pharyngeal pouch…
35. Olfactory nerve lesion…
36. Optic nerve lesion...
37. Oculomotor nerve palsy...
38. Trochlear nerve palsy…
39. Trigeminal neuralgia…
40. Abducent nerve palsy...
41. Bell’s palsy...
42. Vestibulocochlear nerve lesion...
43. Glossopharyngeal nerve palsy...
44. Vagus nerve palsy…
45. Spinal accessory nerve palsy…
46. Hypoglossal nerve palsy…
47. Peripheral pulse...
6. Central Nervous System....
Clinical Cases
1. Anterior spinal artery syndrome...
2. Meningitis...
3. Brown–Sequard syndrome...
4. Cauda equina syndrome...
5. Lumbar puncture...
6. Lateral medullary syndrome...
7. Millard – Gubler syndrome...
8. Pontine hemorrhage...
9. Weber’s syndrome…
10. Multiple sclerosis …
11. Cerebellar syndrome...
12. Parkinsonism…
13. Hydrocephalus...
14. Thalamic Syndrome…
15. Upper motor neuron paralysis...
16. Motor aphasia...
17. Sensory aphasia...
18. Frontal lobe lesion…
19. Hemiplegia...
20. Intracranial hemorrhage…
21. Brain death…
22. Depression...
7. Abdomen....
Clinical Cases
1. Acute abdomen...
2. Peritonitis…
3. Inguinal hernia...
4. Ventral Incisional hernia…
5. Undescended testis…
6. Congenital hydrocele…
7. Varicocele...
8. Carcinoma stomach...
9. Duodenal ulcer...
10. Liver cirrhosis...
11. Carcinoma liver...
12. Acute cholecystitis…
13. Carcinoma pancreas...
14. Sub–hepatic abscess…
15. Splenic rupture...
16. Acute appendicitis...
17. Subhepatic caecum…
18. Carcinoma colon…
19. Perianal abscess...
20. Fissure in ano...
21. Internal piles...
22. Ureteric colic…
23. Distension of bladder…
24. Autonomous bladder...
25. Benign prostate hypertrophy...
26. Carcinoma prostate...
27. Cushing’s syndrome…
28. Prolapse of uterus…
29. Pelvic abscess…
30. Carcinoma cervix…
31. Caesarean section...
32. Hysterosalpingography...
33. Aortic Aneurysm...
34. Prolapsed disc...
35. Barium study...
8. Lower Limb...
Clinical Cases
1. Fracture of neck femur...
2. Congenital dislocation of hip joint...
3. Injury to obturator nerve…
4. Injury to superior gluteal nerve…
5. Sciatica...
6. Medial meniscus injury…
7. Fracture of patella...
8. Foeticide...
9. Compartment syndrome...
10. Popliteal aneurysm…
11. Fracture of tibia...
12. Foot drop...
13. Ankle sprain…
14. Rupture of tendocalcaneus…
15. Club foot...
16. Pes planus...
17. Varicose veins...
18. Peripheral artery compression…
19. Paraplegia (Secondary to nerve injury)…
9. Embryology...
Clinical Cases
1. Male infertility (oligospermia)...
2. Female infertility...
3. In–vitro fertilization ...
4. Ectopic pregnancy...
5. Placenta previa...
6. Amniocentesis...
7. Teratoma…
8. Ventricular septal defect...
9. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia...
10. Branchial sinus...
11. Coarcatation of aorta…
12. Thyroglossal cyst...
13. Cleft lip…
14. Tongue-tie...
15. Retinal detachment…
16. Anencephaly...
17. Spina bifida cystica...
18. Tracheoesophageal fistula...
19. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis...
20. Annular pancreas…
21. Umbilical hernia...
22. Hirschsprung’s disease...
23. Hypospadias...
24. Indirect inguinal hernia...
25. Imperforate hymen...
10. Genetics...
Charts
1. Structure of chromosome…
2. Normal female karyotype…
3. Normal male karyotype…
4. Classification of genetic disorders…
Clinical cases
1. Prenatal diagnosis….
2. Down syndrome…
3. Edward syndrome…
4. Patau syndrome…
5. Prader Willie syndrome…
6. Klinefelter syndrome…
7. Turner syndrome…
8. Cri–Du–Chat syndrome…
9. Achondroplasia (Autosomal dominant disorder) …
10. Cystic fibrosis (Autosomal recessive disorder…
11. Duchene muscular dystrophy (X-linked recessive disorder)
12. Hypophosphatemia (X-linked dominant disorder)
13. Sex chromosomal variation…
- Edition: 1
- Published: May 10, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier India
- Language: English
AR
Anand Reddy
Affiliations and expertise
Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, MIMSR Medical College, Latur – 413512, Maharashtra