Domino Effects in the Process Industries
Modelling, Prevention and Managing
- 1st Edition - September 25, 2013
- Latest edition
- Editors: Genserik Reniers, Valerio Cozzani
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 4 3 2 3 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 4 3 2 4 - 0
Domino Effects in the Process Industries discusses state-of-the-art theories, conceptual models, insights and practical issues surrounding large-scale knock-on accide… Read more
Domino Effects in the Process Industries discusses state-of-the-art theories, conceptual models, insights and practical issues surrounding large-scale knock-on accidents—so-called domino effects—in the chemical and process industries. The book treats such extremely low-frequency phenomena from a technological perspective, studying possible causes and introducing several approaches to assess and control the risks of these scenarios. The authors also examine these events from a managerial viewpoint, discussing single and multi-plant management insights and requirements to take pro-active measures to prevent such events. Academics, regulators, and industrialists who study and analyze domino effects in order to prevent such events will find the book unique and highly valuable.
- Outlines available methods in analyzing these events, aiding understanding of the accidents and their causes
- Covers current modelling, control and management tactics of domino effects, -facilitating prevention
- Identifies areas where new research is needed
Top- and line management within industrial sectors handling or storing hazardous substances, chemical engineers, bio-chemical engineers, environmental managers, safety and prevention managers, research centers on industrial safety and academic researchers.
Preface
List of Contributors
1. Historical Background and State of the Art on Domino Effect Assessment
1.1 Historical Background and Importance of Research on Domino Effects
1.2 Safety and Security: Both Important for the Prevention of Domino Effects
1.3 Domino Effects and Chemical Industrial Areas
1.4 Contents of the Book
References
Part I: Causes of Domino Effects
2. Analysis of Past Accidents and Relevant Case-Histories
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Analysis of Past Accidents
2.3 Domino Effect Surveys
2.4 Significance of Domino Effect in the Frame of all Accidents
2.5 Characteristics of Accidents Involving Domino Effect
2.6 Relevant Case Histories
2.7 The Analysis of Past Accidents, a Useful Resource
References
3. Features of Escalation Scenarios
3.1 Elements of a Domino Accident
3.2 Escalation as a Fundamental Feature of Relevant Domino Accidents
3.3 Sources of Domino Accidents and Primary Scenarios
3.4 Identification and Relative Ranking of Domino Targets and Secondary Scenarios
3.5 Domino Accident Definition
3.6 Categorization of Domino Accidents
3.7 Conclusions
References
4. Overpressure Effects
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Overview of the Basics
4.3 Nonlinear Dynamic Response Analysis
4.4 Domino Effects: Simplified Analysis
4.5 Response Regimes
4.6 Conclusions
References
5. Heat Radiation Effects
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mechanisms of Escalation Triggered by Fire
5.3 Escalation Potential of Fire Scenarios
5.4 Modeling the Behavior of Equipment Exposed to Fire
5.5 Prevention of Escalation Caused by Fire
5.6 Conclusions
References
6. Missile Projection Effects
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Escalation Caused by Fragments
6.3 Identification and Characterization of Fragment Sources
6.4 Assessment of Fragment Characteristics
6.5 Calculation of Impact Probability
6.6 Calculation of Damage Probability
6.7 Conclusions
References
7. Other Causes of Escalation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Indirect Causes of Escalation
7.3 Natural Events
7.4 Intentional Interferences
7.5 Conclusions
References
Part II: Prevention of Domino Effects from a Technological Perspective
8. Approaches to Domino Effect Prevention and Mitigation
8.1 Approach to Domino Effect Assessment
8.2 Preliminary Analysis of Domino Hazard
8.3 Quantitative Risk Assessment of Domino Scenarios
8.4 Distributed Parameter Models for Worst-Case or Worst-Credible Accident Analysis
8.5 Conclusions
References
9. Threshold-Based Approach
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Escalation Vectors and Equipment Damage Mechanisms
9.3 Damage State and Loss Intensity Criteria
9.4 Damage and Escalation Thresholds
9.5 Conclusions
References
10. Quantitative Assessment of Risk Caused by Domino Accidents
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment of Domino Accidents
10.3 Domino Scenarios and Escalation Frequencies by Bayesian Analysis
10.4 Other Approaches to the Quantitative Assessment of Domino Effect
10.5 Conclusions
References
11. Detailed Studies of Domino Scenarios
11.1 Introduction
11.2 CFD Codes for the Simulation of Accident Scenarios
11.3 Application of Finite Element Models to Assess Escalation Triggered by Fire
11.4 CFD and FEM for the Assessment of Escalation Triggered by Blast Waves
11.5 Conclusions
References
Part III: Prevention of Domino Effects from a Managerial Perspective
12. Managing Domino Effects from a Design-Based Viewpoint
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Safety Distances for Escalation: Application to Layout Definition
12.3 The Role of Safety Barriers
12.4 Advanced Methods for Layout Definition
12.5 Conclusions
References
13. Managing Domino Effects in a Chemical Industrial Area
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Managing Internal Domino Effects
13.3 Managing External Domino Effects
13.4 Conclusions
References
14. Decision Support Systems for Preventing Domino Effects
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Decision Support System
14.3 DSS Application to the Prevention of Domino Effect
14.4 Overview
14.5 Perspectives in the Development and Application of DSS for Domino Assessment
14.6 Conclusions
References
Conclusions
Nomenclature
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Tutorial for Tools for the Quantitative Assessment of Domino Effect Presented in Part II
1 Introduction
2 Application of the Methodology
3 Results of the Case Studies
4 Conclusions
References
Tutorial for the Main Methodologies in Part III
1 Managing Internal Domino Effects
2 Managing External Domino Effects
Glossary
Index
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: September 25, 2013
- Language: English
GR
Genserik Reniers
Genserik Reniers works at the Universita di Bologna, DICAM in the Laboratory for Industrial Safety and Environmental Sustainability, Bologna in Italy.
Affiliations and expertise
Universita di Bologna, DICAM, Laboratory for Industrial Safety and Environmental Sustainability, Bologna, ItalyVC
Valerio Cozzani
Valerio Cozzani (1968) received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pisa (Italy) in 1996. During the Ph.D. he spent an year at the Industrial Hazard Unit (IPSC) of the Ispra European Community Joint Research Centre. After the Ph.D. he joined the National Research Group on Chemical and Environmental Risk of the Italian National Council of Research. Formerly lecturer at the University of Pisa, he is now professor at the Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering of Bologna University, where he leads the Laboratory on Industrial Safety and Environmental Sustainability. He is Director of the academic graduate and undergraduate programs in Chemical Engineering an lectures on unit operations, design, loss prevention and risk assessment. He coordinated several joint university-industry training projects. His main research experience is in the field of safety of chemical processes and of environmental and energy technologies. The specific subjects afforded in his research activity are, among others, the development of innovative methodologies and models for hazard and risk analysis, the development of models for equipment damage and the implementation of procedures for the quantitative assessment of accidental scenarios triggered by external hazard factors. He has a wide experience in leading national and international research projects funded either by public organizations or by private companies. He coordinates the Italian working party on safety in the chemical and process industry (CISAP) and is Member of the Working Party of Loss Prevention (EFCE). He received the Trevor Kletz Merit Award 2015 for outstanding contributions to the field of Process Safety. He serves as Associate Editor of Safety Science and is a member of the Editorial Boards of the Journal of Hazardous Materials and of the Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industry.
Affiliations and expertise
Full Professor, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyRead Domino Effects in the Process Industries on ScienceDirect