Diagnostic Pathology: Nonneoplastic Pediatrics

SECTION 1: SKIN
SPONGIOTIC AND PSORIASIFORM DERMATOSES

4 Pityriasis Rosea
Christopher Lum, MD, Amity Tran, BA, and Emily Leibovitch, BA

6 Contact Dermatitis
George R. Collins, DO

10 Atopic Dermatitis
Wang L. Cheung, MD, PhD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

12 Perniosis

14 Seborrheic Dermatitis
Karen S. Thompson, MD, Angelica R. Putnam, MD, and Wang L. Cheung, MD, PhD
INFLAMMATORY/INTERFACE DERMATOSES

16 Erythema Multiforme and Related Disorders

20 Pityriasis Lichenoides
VESICOBULLOUS DERMATOSES

24 Acropustulosis of Infancy
Larissa V. Furtado, MD

26 Dermatitis Herpetiformis

28 Epidermolysis Bullosa, Inherited

32 Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum

34 Hailey-Hailey Disease

36 Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood

38 Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
VASCULAR AND RELATED DISEASES

40 Urticaria and Variants

44 Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
PANNICULITIDES

48 Erythema Nodosum

52 Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of Newborn
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

54 Sclerema Neonatorum
CONNECTIVE TISSUE

56 Lupus Erythematosus

62 Morphea/Scleroderma

66 Dermatomyositis
METABOLIC/DEPOSITION DISEASES

70 Calcinosis Cutis
Dirk Elston, MD and Carly A. Elston, MD
NONINFECTIOUS GRANULOMATOUS DISEASES

74 Chalazion

76 Granuloma Annulare
Angelica R. Putnam, MD
PILOSEBACEOUS DISEASE

78 Acne Vulgaris
Viseslav Tonkovic-Capin, MD
ALOPECIAS

80 Trichotillomania
Garth Fraga, MD
DISORDERS OF EPIDERMAL MATURATION AND KERATINIZATION

84 Ichthyosis
Michael W. Peterson, DO

86 Darier Disease

88 Porokeratosis

92 Incontinentia Pigmenti
Christine J. Ko, MD
DISORDER OF COLLAGEN

94 Aplasia Cutis Congenita
Michael W. Peterson, DO, Nathan Peterson, DO, and Karen S. Thompson, MD
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

96 Impetigo

100 Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

102 Ecthyma and Ecthyma Gangrenosum

104 Cat-Scratch Disease
Irina Margaritescu, MD, PhD and Bruce R. Smoller, MD

110 Atypical Mycobacterial Infections
Cary Chisholm, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD
VIRAL INFECTIONS

112 Molluscum Contagiosum
Talley Whang, MD

114 Herpesvirus
FUNGAL INFECTIONS

116 Candidiasis
ARTHROPODS/PARASITES

120 Bite Reactions
Atsuko Kodama, MD

124 Scabies
Gonzalo De Toro, MD
CYSTS

126 Epidermal Inclusion Cyst

128 Dermoid Cyst

SECTION 2: SOFT TISSUE

134 Necrotizing Fasciitis
Brian J. Hall, MD

136 Tumoral Calcinosis
Karen S. Thompson, MD

SECTION 3: BONE AND JOINT
CONGENITAL/GENETIC/HEREDITARY

140 Osteogenesis Imperfecta

144 Chondrodysplasia Punctata

148 Thanatophoric Dysplasia
TRAUMA/INJURY/REACTIVE

150 Bone Fracture and Repair

154 Osteomyelitis
Karen S. Thompson, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

158 Stress and Costochondral Junction

160 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

SECTION 4: SKELETAL MUSCLE

166 Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Hannes Vogel, MD

168 X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne and Becker

172 Congenital Myopathies

SECTION 5: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

176 Cerebral Heterotopia and Ectopia

178 Focal Cortical Dysplasia
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD

192 Myelomeningocele
Brock Kaya, MD

194 Encephalocele

196 Tethered Cord

198 Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Brock Kaya, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

202 Cerebral Cavernous Malformation

206 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Cynthia T. Bunting, BS, and Phillip Quigley, BS

210 Periventricular Leukomalacia
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Nancy Elawabdeh, BS, and Caitlin Cundiff, BS

214 Arachnoid Cysts
Tarik Tihan, MD, PhD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

216 Meningioangiomatosis

222 Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Bahig M. Shehata, MD and Nancy Elawabdeh, BS
INFECTIOUS

226 Bacterial Meningoencephalitis

232 Fungal Meningoencephalitis

238 Viral Meningoencephalitis

242 Protozoal Meningoencephalitis

SECTION 6: ENDOCRINE

248 Adrenal Cytomegaly
Arthur S. Tischler, MD

250 Adrenal Heterotopia

252 Adrenal Hypoplasia and Malformations
Arthur S. Tischler, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

254 Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia

258 Dyshormonogenetic Goiter
Vania Nosé, MD, PhD

264 Ectopic Thyroid

266 Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

268 Cystic Fibrosis, Pancreas
Mari Mino-Kenudson, MD

270 Stress Reactions in Adrenal Gland
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Holly C. Jordan, BS, and Erica J. Colvin, MD

272 Hemorrhagic Necrosis of Adrenal Gland
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Holly C. Jordan, BS, and Sydney R. Archer, BS

274 Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Brent M. Cone, BS, and Cynthia T. Bunting, BS

278 Graves Disease

284 Hypertrophy of Pancreatic Islets
Jessica M. Comstock, MD

SECTION 7: RESPIRATORY

288 Bronchogenic Cyst
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Nancy Elawabdeh, BS, and Charlotte A. Cooper, BS

290 Congenital Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Ryan J. Cone, BS, and Charlotte A. Cooper, BS

294 Congenital Lobar Emphysema
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

296 Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasis
Billie Fyfe, MD

298 Diffuse Pulmonary Lymphangiomatosis
Monica P. Revelo, MD, PhD and Brandon T. Larsen, MD, PhD

302 Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation

306 Congenital Surfactant Deficiency
Billie Fyfe, MD and Eileen Margaret McKay, MD

310 Cystic Fibrosis

314 Sequestrations

316 Aspiration

320 Asthma

322 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

326 Hyaline Membrane Disease

328 Interstitial Pulmonary Emphysema
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

330 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension

332 Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Saul Suster, MD

334 Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease/Pulmonary
Capillary Hemangiomatosis
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Angelica R. Putnam, MD, and Charlotte A. Cooper, BS

338 Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

340 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Cesar A. Moran, MD, Neda Kalhor, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD

342 Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Cesar A. Moran, MD and Neda Kalhor, MD

346 Adenovirus
Saul Suster, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

348 Human Metapneumovirus
Bahig M. Shehata, MD, Samuel N. Jactel, BS, and Nancy Elawabdeh, BS

352 Respiratory Syncytial Virus
MISCELLANEOUS

354 Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy

SECTION 8: CARDIOVASCULAR

358 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Jagdish Butany, MBBS, MS, FRCPC and Karen S. Thompson, MD

362 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Vidhya Nair, MBBS, MD, FRCPC

364 Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Jennifer Pogoriler, MD, PhD

368 Fabry Disease
Monica P. Revelo, MD, PhD

372 Fatty Acid Metabolic Disorders

374 Glycogen Storage Diseases

376 Mitochondrial Myopathies

380 Capillary Malformations

384 Lymphatic Malformations

388 Venous Malformations

392 Arteriovenous Malformations and Fistulas

396 Endocardial Fibroelastosis

398 Lymphocytic Myocarditis

402 Acute Pericarditis

406 Acute Rheumatic Fever

410 Kawasaki Disease

414 COVID-19-Related Pathology and Pediatric
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

SECTION 9: ALIMENTARY CANAL
ESOPHAGUS

426 Inlet Patch
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

430 Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia

434 Esophageal Duplication Cyst

438 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

444 Eosinophilic Esophagitis

448 Herpes Simplex Virus Esophagitis
Laura W. Lamps, MD

450 Candida
STOMACH

452 Chemical Gastropathy
Gregory Y. Lauwers, MD and Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

456 Chronic Gastritis
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Staci Bryson, MD

458 Granulomatous Gastritis
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Gregory Y. Lauwers, MD

462 Lymphocytic Gastritis

468 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Gregory Y. Lauwers, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

470 Fundic Gland Polyp

472 Collagenous Gastritis

476 Helicobacter heilmannii Gastritis
Joel K. Greenson, MD and Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

478 Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
SMALL BOWEL

482 Small Intestine Duplication Cyst

484 Ectopic Pancreas
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Joel K. Greenson, MD

488 Gastric Heterotopia

490 Meckel Diverticulum

492 Microvillous Inclusion Disease

494 Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Joel K. Greenson, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

496 Abetalipoproteinemia
Florette K. Gray Hazard, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

500 Tufting Enteropathy
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Florette K. Gray Hazard, MD

504 Autoimmune Enteropathy
INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION

508 Celiac Disease

514 Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Joel K. Greenson, MD, Laura W. Lamps, MD, and Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

518 Giardia

520 Cryptosporidium
APPENDIX

522 Acute Appendicitis
Laura W. Lamps, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

526 Granulomatous Appendicitis

528 Enterobius Vermicularis Appendicitis

530 Fibrous Obliteration
Scott R. Owens, MD
COLON

532 Cystic Fibrosis, Intestinal
Kajsa Affolter, MD and Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

534 Colonic Duplications, Cysts, and Congenital
Diverticula

538 Hirschsprung Disease

544 Intestinal Motility Disorders

546 Diversion Colitis

548 Pneumatosis Intestinalis

554 Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome/Mucosal Prolapse

560 Necrotizing Enterocolitis

562 Eosinophilic/Allergic Colitis

568 Focal Active Colitis

570 Crohn Disease

582 Ulcerative Colitis
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Scott R. Owens, MD

590 Collagenous Colitis

598 Cytomegalovirus

604 Entamoeba Histolytica

606 Adenovirus
Karen S. Thompson, MD and Laura W. Lamps, MD

608 Acute Infectious Colitis

610 Pseudomembranous Colitis
Staci Bryson, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

SECTION 10: LIVER/GALLBLADDER

616 Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
Romil Saxena, MBBS, MD, FRCPath and Hanlin L. Wang, MD, PhD

618 Caroli Disease
Romil Saxena, MBBS, MD, FRCPath and Joseph Misdraji, MD

620 Cystic Fibrosis, Hepatic
Joseph Misdraji, MD

624 Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

626 Gilbert Disease

628 Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis

636 Biliary Atresia
Romil Saxena, MBBS, MD, FRCPath and Grace E. Kim, MD

642 Syndromic Paucity of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts
(Alagille Syndrome)

646 Paucity of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts (Nonsyndromic)

650 Autoimmune Hepatitis
Lisa Yerian, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

656 α-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Kari D. Caradine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

660 Glycogen Storage Disease
Joseph Misdraji, MD, Lisa Yerian, MD, and Grace E. Kim, MD

666 Niemann-Pick Disease

668 Tyrosinemia

670 Gaucher Disease

672 Neonatal Hemochromatosis
Matthew M. Yeh, MD, PhD

674 Wilson Disease

680 Choledochal Cyst

682 Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease (Total
Parenteral Nutrition Injury)
Florette K. Gray Hazard, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

686 Neonatal Hepatitis

690 Reye Syndrome
Romil Saxena, MBBS, MD, FRCPath and Laura W. Lamps, MD

692 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic
Steatohepatitis
Matthew M. Yeh, MD, PhD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

696 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Hanlin L. Wang, MD, PhD

700 Venoocclusive Disease
Sanjay Kakar, MD

702 Drug-Related Acute Hepatitis
Sanjay Kakar, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

706 Viral Hepatitis
Lisa Yerian, MD

710 Epstein-Barr Virus
Hanlin L. Wang, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

714 Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis

716 Cytomegalovirus
Kari D. Caradine, MD

SECTION 11: GENITOURINARY
KIDNEY/URINARY TRACT
GLOMERULAR DISEASES

720 Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Mikako Warren, MD

726 Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis

732 Minimal Change Disease

740 Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Mikako Warren, MD and A. Brad Farris, III, MD

752 Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis

760 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

768 C3 Glomerulonephritis
Lynn D. Cornell, MD

774 Dense Deposit Disease
A. Brad Farris, III, MD

780 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Shane Meehan, MB, BCh, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and
Ingeborg Bajema, MD

798 IgA Nephropathy

808 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis

816 Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy

820 Alport Syndrome
TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES

830 Acute Tubular Injury
Shane Meehan, MB, BCh

836 Acute Pyelonephritis
Neeraja Kambham, MD

844 Tubulointerstitial Nephritis With Uveitis

848 Primary Hyperoxaluria
VASCULAR DISEASES

850 Fibromuscular Dysplasia (Renal Artery Stenosis)

856 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Infection Related and Atypical
Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD

862 Vasculitis, ANCA Related
CYSTIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES

868 Reflux Nephropathy
Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD

872 Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive
Stephen M. Bonsib, MD

876 Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Dominant
Anthony Chang, MD

880 Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease/Nephronophthisis
Helen Liapis, MD

882 Renal Dysplasia
Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

886 Renal Tubular Dysgenesis

888 Ask-Upmark Kidney
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

890 Accessory Breast Tissue
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD

892 Cryptorchidism
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD

896 Testicular Regression Syndrome

898 Disorders of Sexual Development

906 Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Jason C. Reutter, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

908 Childhood Behçet Disease
Maria Angelica Selim, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

912 Adnexal (Ovarian) Torsion
Blaise Clarke, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

914 Meconium Periorchitis

916 Testicular Torsion

918 Ovarian Cysts

SECTION 12: HEMATOPOIETIC
LYMPH NODES
REACTIVE LYMPHADENOPATHIES

924 Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia
C. Cameron Yin, MD, PhD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD

930 Reactive Paracortical Hyperplasia

938 Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers
L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD and Roberto N. Miranda, MD

944 Hyaline-Vascular Castleman Disease
Pei Lin, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD

950 Dermatopathic Lymphadenitis
Sa A. Wang, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD

956 Kimura Disease
Roberto N. Miranda, MD, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD, and C.
Cameron Yin, MD, PhD

964 Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease

974 Rosai-Dorfman Disease
INFECTIOUS LYMPHADENOPATHIES

984 Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphadenitis
Pei Lin, MD

988 Cat-Scratch Disease
Roberto N. Miranda, MD, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD, and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD

994 Mycobacterial Infection
Tariq Muzzafar, MBBS

1002 Chronic Granulomatous Lymphadenitis

1010 Toxoplasma Lymphadenitis
Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, MD, PhD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
BLOOD AND BONE MARROW

1016 Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
David R. Czuchlewski, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD

1020 Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia

1024 Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

1028 Congenital Erythrocytosis

1032 Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

1036 Hereditary Spherocytosis
Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD

1042 Hereditary Elliptocytosis
Kaaren K. Reichard, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD

1046 Fanconi Anemia

1050 Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Kristin Hunt Karner, MD

1052 Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

1056 Severe Congenital Neutropenia and Cyclic
Neutropenia

1060 Sickle Cell Anemia

1064 Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

1074 Thalassemia

1080 Infectious Mononucleosis Syndromes
Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD

1090 Parvovirus B19 Infection

1094 Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood
Kathryn Foucar, MD and Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD
THYMUS

1096 Acute Thymic Involution